Tsarin fasali na columnar sel da nama. Palisade (columnar) leaf nama na shuke-shuke farantin

Bambantawa na sel da kyallen takarda taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jikin ta ci gaba. Da rabo daga nauyi ga kowane cell za a iya kwatanta ta da rabo daga aiki a ma'aikata, idan kowane naúrar kawai aikin da muhimmi aiki, da sauran sakamakon za a iya samu a wani guntu lokaci. Haka ya shafi wani rai gabar, wanda ingancin rayuwa dogara da wuya daga cikin ci gaba da kuma ci gaba na shagaltar maharibai.

Mene ne wani cell Biology rai gabar

Cage - a tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar dukkan abubuwa masu rai. Sai dai watakila sa ƙwayoyin cuta - maras salula rayuwa form. Fabric - a sa na Kwayoyin da intercellular abu, da ciwon guda tsarin, aiki da kuma asali. Biology cell aiki dangane da tsarin, wanda aka shibtarsu da mataki na kungiyar na dabba ko shuka.

A bambantawa daga cikin sel na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke faruwa da baya a ontogenesis. Kowace daga cikinsu ya zo daga precursor nama, idan dabbobi ne kara Kwayoyin, da shuke-shuke - meristem.

Mene ne wani cell? Biology da kuma sifar tantanin halitta damar da su da za a kasu biyu kungiyoyin.

1. Eukaryotic Kwayoyin. Wadannan sun hada da tsarin raka'a dabba da shuka kwayoyin.

2. A prokaryotic Kwayoyin. Suna halin babu wani tsakiya da kuma sauran wasu gabbansa. Domin prokaryotic kwayoyin hada da kwayoyin.

Structure dabba cell

A binciken da na cell Tsarin hannu a ilmin halitta. A tsarin da dabba cell da aka gano ta Hooke a cikin karni na 19th, amma sai aka cikakken diddigin kusa da 20th karni.

dabba cell ne a cytoplasm kewaye plasmalemma. A cytoplasm na "taso kan ruwa" da daban-daban da wasu gabbansa da inclusions. By wasu gabbansa ne lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi na'ura, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes. Hada - ne abubuwa da ake narkar da a cytosol kuma suna jiran sai sun da ake bukata domin gina Tsarin daga cikin cell.

Ba kamar shuka, a wata dabba cell ba wani cell bango, da vacuole da chloroplast. Babu ƙarin shafi hadaddun rinjayar, misali, a kan ƙayyadaddu na plasmalemma nakasawa a lokacin fission.

A tsarin da shuka cell

Ciki shuka cell abun ciki ne sosai aukaka fiye da dabba. Da fari dai, za ka iya samun dvumembrannye tsarin - chloroplast. Kuma da aiki ne don tabbatar da cewa aiwatar da photosynthesis, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga shuka cikin sharuddan wani ƙarin makamashi Madogararsa tare da numfashi, da kuma glucose.

A shuka cell kara externally rufe da wani cell bango. Ya kunshi cellulose zaruruwa, da kuma batu na lamba na biyu m Kwayoyin har yanzu ba pectin. Akwai haka iko waje hadaddun ba da damar lamba kamar yi dabba Kwayoyin. Babban rawa da kai a cikin tsarin da Kwayoyin. Grade 6, a cikin abin da ilmin halitta da aka yi karatu ba haka ba ne mai zurfi, shi ba ya samar da bayanai game da desmosomes - musamman pores a cikin cell bango, wanda bauta wa matsawa abubuwa daga daya cell zuwa wani. Tare da wadannan sifofi na iya tuntube da vacuole via a kananan diamita gada.

Vacuole - wannan shi ne wani bambanci daga dabba cell shuka. Its aiki ne Adanar na chemically aiki alkaloids, acid, alli don taimaka dattako da osmotic matsa lamba. Bugu da ƙari, alkaloids kuma acid iya adversely shafi abinda ke ciki na cytoplasm, don haka su ya kamata a located in wani ya zama ruwan dare organelle da musamman membrane, wanda ba zai iya shiga ta hanyar da kwayoyin wannan size. Vacuole membrane kira da tonoplast.

All tsarin fasali na columnar sel da nama ne m ga shirin abun da ke ciki na shuka Kwayoyin.

prokaryotic Kwayoyin

Kwayoyin cuta (kamar yadda wakilan da prokaryotes) ne evolutionarily kasa da suka ci gaba kwayoyin. A kwayan cell cytosol aka kewaye da wani membrane, cell bango da kuma mucous kwantena. Ciki akwai da wasu gabbansa da aka samu a eukaryotes. A kwaya kuma m, kuma duk da kwayoyin abu da aka gabatar a cikin mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta daya ne kawai chromosome.

cell metabolism yana goyan bayan da musamman Tsarin - mesosoma. Su wakilci outgrowth na cytoplasmic membrane a cikin cell, kuma su yi aiki ne don numfasawa ko photosynthesis, a cikin hali na photosynthetic kwayoyin.

Babu kwaya taimaka wajen kara da kudi na kwafi da kuma fassara. binary kudi na cell division ne ma ya karu: a mallaka na kwayoyin iya ninka lambobin kowane minti 20.

cell aiki

Cage a matsayin tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na dukan abubuwa masu rai na iya yi daban-daban ayyuka alaka da tabbatarwa daga m aiki. Babban rawa aka buga da tsarin da cell. Grade 6, a cikin abin da ilmin halitta da aka yi karatu a wani wuri matakin, dictating da babban fasali na kungiyar na cell naúrar.

Tabbatar da dalilin da shuka Kwayoyin - a multistage aiwatar da wanda meristem kafa daga da dama sauran tsokoki: coverslips, excretory, samar da inji. Sel daga kowane daga cikin wadannan tsokoki bambanta daga juna a cikin tsari da kuma ayyukan da suka yi. Alal misali, aiki na rufe da cell - ba su bari waje jamiái cikin jiki a lokacin da gudanar da abubuwa ne na wajibi ga kai na Organic da kuma ma'adinai abubuwa a cikin shuka.

Hulda da Kwayoyin aka samu da musamman tashoshi wanda ake kira plasmodesmata. A tsari aiki auku a biochemical matakin da dama enzymes da metabolites.

List - da vegetative gabobin da tsire-tsire

The aiki na vegetative gabobin ne ya kula da ikon rayuwa da shuka a wani mafi kyau duka matakin. Leaf ma nasa ne wannan kungiyar, saboda haka ya main aiki - shi ne photosynthetic.

Column masana'anta - wannan shi ne babban photosynthetic leaf nama. Ya kunshi parenchymal Kwayoyin, wanda shi ne mai yawa chloroplast. Nama columnar Kwayoyin ne mafi kusanta zuwa babba surface na takardar kafin su sami karin hasken rana da kuma, daidai da, ƙara gudun da kuma yadda ya dace da photosynthesis.

Har ila yau da takardar shiga spongy nama, wanda kuma yana da chloroplast, amma da lambar shi ne mafi kasa fiye da polisadnoy parenchyma. Gaskiyar cewa, babban aiki na sel na spongy nama - mai gas musayar saboda manyan intercellular sarari.

A tsarin fasali na columnar sel leaf nama

Palisade parenchyma ne a cikin babba yadudduka da takardar tara mafi yawan makamashin hasken rana. Wajibi ne ga m kwarara daga haske da duhu matakai na photosynthesis, wanda ake kawai bayar da haske.

Columnar cell - cell ne wani elongated cylindrical tsari, wanda babban aiki - na photosynthesis tsari. Domin wannan akwai da dama dubun chloroplast, wanda aka located a kan salula periphery a Kwayoyin columnar nama. Irin wannan tsari a sarari cytosol saboda karuwa hasken rana sha surface.

A C4 shuke-shuke na wurare masu zafi da Equatorial gandun daji leaf tsari ne kadan daban-daban. Su columnar nama yana located in marinjãya da lowermost yadudduka na jiki. Wannan shi ne saboda da peculiarities na duhu mataki na photosynthesis daga wadannan shuke-shuke.

Features na tsarin columnar nama Kwayoyin suna amfani da su inganta shuka photosynthesis yadda ya dace.

Mene ne photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis - Multi-biochemical tsari wanda ake samu makamashi a cikin nau'i na ATP da kuma glucose - carbohydrate wanda aka adana ta shuka.

Photosynthesis ne zuwa kashi biyu, saukarwa: haske da duhu. A lokacin farko mataki, photolysis na ruwa, da iskan shaqa saki wakili da kuma da-kira na ATP, NADPH. The duhu photosynthesis mataki ne mai cascade na bi da bi halayen, sakamakon hada glucose ko sugar analogs.

Me ya sa shuke-shuke bukatar photosynthesis?

Don kula da al'ada rayuwa shuka Stores yawa sitaci. Sitaci - a polysaccharide, wanda shi ne mai glucose monomer. Ba mamaki, cewa jiki na shuke-shuke na duk yiwu azuzuwan kwayoyin halitta most yawan dauki carbohydrates.

Features na tsarin columnar nama Kwayoyin iya yadda ya kamata sha haske makamashi, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga biochemical halayen da photosynthesis. A lokacin duhu matakai hada glucose da sauran hexoses, wanda aka adana a cikin irin manyan sitaci polymeric kwayoyin a parenchymal Kwayoyin. Ko a cikin chloroplast wani lokacin zai yiwu don tsayar da sitaci hatsi.