Matsatsiyar, wanda ya buɗe Dezhnev. Dezhnov Semon Ivanovich. A tarihin Gwargwadon binciken

'Yan mutane san abin da sunan ta matsatsiyar, wanda ya bude Dezhnev. Kadan ne da aka sani a game da rayuwar wannan mutumin. Game da fice Gwargwadon binciken na dogon lokaci san kome ba daga Rasha ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ya zuwa yanzu akwai bai isa ba bayani a kan tafiya tarihi, wanda sanya Dezhnev maniyyi Ivanovich. Wannan ya bude wannan mutumin, da kuma abin da bai da shi kome, tattauna a wannan ɗaba'ar.

Rayuwa Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev

Dezhnev aka haife shi a Veliky Ustyug mai yiwuwa a farkon shekara na XVII karni. Daga can kuma ya tafi zuwa Siberia, inda ya fara da sabis a Tobolsk, sa'an nan a cikin Yeniseisk. A 1641 ya, tare da M. Stadukhin na tafi kafa zango a Oymyakon.

Future majagaba maniyyi Dezhnev dauki bangare a kafuwar Nizhnekolymsky kurkuku, wanda ya zama reference batu na Rasha matafiya, ke a search na wani kanti zuwa bakin Anadyr River. Bugu da kari, ya sanya da dama tafiye-tafiye a kan waɗansu kõguna Kolyma, Indighirka, Jan, to bakin Lena. Duk da haka Dezhneva mafi janyo hankalin zuwa cikin kogin Anadyr. A cewar jita-jita, akwai manyan hannun jari na hauren giwa, wanda aka nuna yabo sosai a Rasha. A 1647 ya kasance a kan wani balaguro F. A. Popova, wani ɓangare na abin da sanya wani ƙoƙari mara nasara to isa bakin kogin Anadyr da Chukotka tafi kusa da. 63 matafiyi hudu jiragen ruwa gangarawa teku zuwa gabas. Duk da haka, hanyar da suka katange da manyan kankara floes, kuma explorers aka tilasta juya baya.

Fara wani sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe

Bayan wani m farko yaƙi, an yanke shawarar zuwa yi sabon tafiya zuwa bakin Anadyr River. 30 Yuni, 1648 balaguro a karkashin umurnin Semena Dezhneva hada da mutane 90 suka fito daga Kolyma River. Jirãge motsi a kan zuwa gabas teku. The tafiya ya wuya sosai. Tẽku hadari rasa da dama daga jirgi Dezhnev balaguro (2 daga cikinsu da aka karya ta a ranar kankara floes, da kuma 2 more an za'ayi a lokacin hadiri). Semyon a memoirs lura da cewa kawai 3 Koch (jirgin) ya zo a cikin mashigar. Su aka kai ta Dezhnev da Alekseev Ankundinov. Da suka isa Cape, da ake kira da Chukchi hanci da kuma ga dama kananan tsibiran. Saboda haka Dezhnev gano ta matsatsiyar tsakanin Asiya da kuma Amurka.

A tushe na Anadyr sansanin soja

Matsatsiyar, wanda ya buɗe Dezhnev, ya yanke shawarar muhimmanci Gwargwadon matsala. Ya kasance da tabbaci cewa America ne mai zaman kanta nahiyar. Bugu da kari, wannan tafiya shaida, cewa daga Turai zuwa kasar Sin akwai wata hanya ta cikin teku dake arewacin kusa Siberia.

Bayan da kotun ta zartar da matsatsiyar, wanda ya bude Dezhnev, sai suka fita zuwa Gulf of Anadyr sa'an nan taso keya Olyutorskij Larabawa. Balaguro jirgin, a kan abin da akwai mutane 25, a wanke a bakin. Saboda haka, matafiya a kan kafar koma arewa. By farkon 1649 mutane 13 isa bakin Anadyr River. Sa'an nan Dezhnev kuma comrades tafi kogi da kuma aza akwai gida. Bugu da kari, matuƙan kafa Anadyr Burg. Akwai Dezhnev da ya rayu shekaru 10.

bincike Dezhneva

Daga 1649 zuwa 1659 Dezhnev bincika daruna na Anadyr da Anuy koguna. Ci gaban rahoton da aka aika zuwa Yakutsk. Wadannan rahotanni sun bayyana a cikin daki-daki cikin matsatsiyar bude Dezhnev a 1648, da Anadyr River da kuma Anuy da kuma zane da aka sanya ƙasa. A 1652 Semyon bude banki cewa housed dabbar walrus rookery. Bayan da cewa Dezhnev gudanar ya kafa kama kifi wannan dabba a cikin Gulf of Anadyr, abinda ya kawo mafi samun kudin shiga a Rasha.

A kara rabo na matafiyin

A 1659 Dezhnev mika management na Anadyr sansanin soja K. Ivanov. A shekara daga baya, matafiyin koma Kolyma. A 1661 maniyyi Ivanovich Dezhnev tafi Yakutsk, wanda kai ne kawai a spring 1662. Daga can sai ya aika zuwa Moscow ya sadar da sarki baitulmalin Haikali. Dezhnev ba sarki rahoton bayanawa tafiyarka kuma gudanar da bincike. A 1655 Semyon aka sanya da daraja na Cossack Ataman. A nan gaba na Rasha ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ba a sani.

Tsaba bude darajar Dezhneva

Babban abin yabo na Rasha matafiya ne cewa shi ya bude wani sashi daga cikin Arctic zuwa tekun Pacific. Ya bayyana wannan hanya da kuma sanya shi a cikakken zane. Duk da cewa da katunan an tsara Semyon kasance sosai Saukake, tare da m nesa, sun kasance mai girma m muhimmancin. Matsatsiyar, wanda ya buɗe Dezhnev zama daidai shaida cewa Asia da kuma America raba teku. Bugu da kari, cikin balaguro jagorancin Semyon Ivanovich karo na farko ya kai bakin Anadyr River, inda walruses adibas aka gano.

A 1736 a Yakutsk aka fara samo manta rahotanni Dezhnev. Daga cikin wadannan, an bayar da rahoton cewa Rasha ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ba su gani gaba na America. Ya kamata a lura cewa shekaru 80 bayan Semyon Ivanovich a kudancin matsatsiyar tanã gudãna Bering da balaguro, wanda ya tabbatar da gano Dezhnev. A 1778, Cook ya tafi zuwa yankin, wanda aka kawai sanar da game da farkon na XVIII karni balaguro. Shi ne ya yi kira da mashigar Bering.