Tsarin eukaryotic Kwayoyin

All rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, dangane da kasancewa daga cikin kwaya za a iya raba su kashi biyu: prokaryotes da eukaryotes. Dukansu sharuddan aka samu daga Girkanci «karion» - kwaya.

Wadanda kwayoyin da cewa ba su da wata tsakiya, da ake kira prokaryotes - kwayoyin pre-nukiliya tare da makaman nukiliya al'amarin a cikin nau'i na inclusions. A tsarin da eukaryotic cell ne ɗan daban-daban. A bambanci ga prokaryotes, eukaryotes sun mai core sanya fita - wannan shi ne babban bambanci. Domin prokaryotes hada da kwayoyin cuta, cyanobacteria, Rickettsia da sauran kwayoyin. Domin eukaryotes hada da wakilan mulkokin fungi, Tsire-tsire da dabbobi.

Tsarin eukaryotic sel daban-daban kwayoyin kama nukiliya. Su main aka gyara - da tsakiya da kuma cytoplasm, wanda tare dokoki protoplast. A cytoplasm ne a wasan kusa-ruwa tushe abu, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, hyaloplasm, cikinsa da cell Tsarin ne - wasu gabbansa aiki daban-daban ayyuka. Daga waje da cytoplasm kewaye da jini membrane. Shuka da kuma fungal Kwayoyin da jini membrane kuma cell m harsashi. A cytoplasm na shuka Kwayoyin da fungi ƙunshi vacuoles - kumfa wanda suna cike da ruwa tare da daban-daban abubuwa narkar da a cikinta. Bugu da kari, a cikin cell suna kunshe a cikin nau'i na kayayyakin gina jiki ko karshen kayayyakin da metabolism. Features na tsarin da eukaryotic cell ayyuka saboda inclusions da suke a cikin cell.

Tsari da kuma aiki na eukaryotic Kwayoyin:

• jini membrane - a sia bilayer tare da sunadarai saka a cikin shi. Babban aiki na jini membrane - musayar abubuwa tsakanin cell kanta da kuma yanayi. Saboda da jini membrane ne da za'ayi da lamba tsakanin biyu m Kwayoyin.
• tsakiya - cell kashi yana da dvumembrannuyu harsashi. Main core aiki - adana kwayoyin bayanai - deoxyribonucleic acid. Ta hanyar core kayyade salula aiki, da kayyade kayan da aka canjawa wuri zuwa 'yar Kwayoyin.
• mitochondria - wadannan wasu gabbansa ne ba kawai a shuka da dabbobi Kwayoyin. Mitochondria, a matsayin cibiya, da biyu membranes tsakanin wanda akwai ciki folds - Kristen. Mitochondria dauke madauwari DNA, ribosomes, a jam'i na enzymes. Saboda wadannan da wasu gabbansa kwashe oxygen numfashi lokaci sel (hada adenosine triphosphate).
• plastids - suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin tsirrai, domin su primary aiki - photosynthesis.
• endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) - shi ne mai tsarin na mĩƙe sacs - tankuna, voids da ducts. A cikin endoplasmic reticulum (m) shirya muhimmanci da wasu gabbansa - ribosomes. A tankuna ana samun karkasuwa ne kuma da suka nuna cibiyar sadarwa sunadaran, wanda ake ma ya isar da cibiyar sadarwa da kanta. A membranes na santsi reticulum da kuma kira na steroid sia.
• Golgi na'ura - a tsarin na lebur odnomembrannyh tank da kumfa a haɗe zuwa Extended iyakar tanki. Aiki da Golgi hadaddun - jari da kuma canji na sunadaran da lipids. A nan ana kafa secretory vesicles da suka gabatar da kayan waje da cell. Tsarin eukaryotic Kwayoyin irin wannan cewa tantanin halitta na da inji don kasafi na sharar abubuwa.
• lysosomes - odnomembrannye vesicles dake dauke da hydrolytic enzymes. Godiya ga cell lysosomes Digest lalace wasu gabbansa, Kwayoyin gawawwaki.
• ribosomes - ne na biyu iri, amma su main aiki - taron sunadarai na gina jiki.
• centrioles - a tsarin na microtubules, wanda aka gina daga sunadarai na gina jiki. Saboda da centrioles kafa ciki kwarangwal na cell, shi zai iya kula da m siffar.

A tsarin da eukaryotic cell ne mafi hadaddun fiye da prokaryotic Kwayoyin. Saboda gaban tsakiya, eukaryotes suna da ikon canja wurin da kwayoyin bayanai, game da shi, da tabbatar da daidaito na irin.