Thermal lissafi walling: wani misali na lissafi da kuma zane. Formula zafi injiniya lissafi na kare kayayyaki

Samar da wani dadi yanayi domin zama ko aiki ne Hakin na yi. Da yawa daga cikin ƙasa na kasar mu ne a arewacin latitudes da colder canjin yanayin. Saboda haka, rike da wani dadi zazzabi a gine-gine ko da yaushe gaskiya. Tare da ci gaban da tariffs domin samar da makamashi raguwa a yawan kuzarinka domin dumama zo da fore.

yanayin data

Akwai hanyoyi da zane na ganuwar da kuma rufin dogara da farko a kan yanayin damina da yi yanki. Domin sanin su, don Allah koma zuwa SP131.13330.2012 "Building Climatology". A cikin lissafin, da wadannan dabi'u aka yi amfani:

• da yawan zafin jiki na coldest kwanaki biyar tsaro 0,92 denoted TN.
• da talakawan zafin jiki ne denoted da Daya.
• duration, kaddamarda ZOT.

A wani misali domin Murmansk canji da wadannan ma'anoni:

• TH = -30 deg.
• Wannan = -3,4 darajõji;
• ZOT = 275 kwanaki.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne wajibi ne don saka kiyasta zafin jiki cikin dakin TV, aka ƙaddara daidai da Gost 30494-2011. Domin gidaje iya daukar cutar tarin fuka = 20 °.

Don yin thermal lissafi walling baya lasafta darajar GSOP (digiri-rana dumama lokaci):
GSOP = (tarin fuka - Daya) x ZOT.
A cikin misali GSOP = (20 - (-3.4)) x 275 = 6435.

key Manuniya

Ga daidai selection na kayan kare kayayyaki wajibi ne domin sanin abin da thermal halaye dole ne su mallaka. Da ikon da wani abu da za su gudanar da zafi halin da thermal watsin, denoted da Girkanci harafin l (lambda) da aka auna a W / (m x °.). Da ikon da tsarin riƙe zafi ne halin da zafi canja wuri juriya R ne rabo na da kauri da kuma thermal watsin: R = d / l.

Idan tsarin kunshi dama yadudduka, da juriya da aka lasafta ga kowane Layer sa'an nan summed.

Resistance zuwa zafi canja wuri ne mai babbar nuna alama daga cikin matsanancin tsarin. Its darajar dole wuce misali darajar. Yin thermal lissafi na ginin ambulan, muna bukatar mu tantance da tattalin arziki wajaba a kansa da abun da ke ciki na ganuwar da kuma rufin.

thermal watsin

Thermal yi ne da farko m da thermal watsin. Kowane bokan abu wuce dakin gwaje-gwaje karatu, wanda a cikin sa darajar ƙaddara da aiki yanayi na "A" ko "B". "B" ga kasar mu da mafiya yawa daga cikin yankunan dace da aiki yanayi. Yin thermal lissafi walling gida, ya kamata ka yi amfani da wannan darajar. thermal watsin dabi'u nuna a kan lakabin ko a cikin takardar bayanai na littattafai, amma idan ba haka ba, za ka iya amfani da tunani dabi'u na Code. A dabi'u ga mafi m kayan aka jera a kasa:

• Clutches na talakawa tubali - 0,81 W (MX deg.).
• Masonry na silica tubali - 0,87 W (MX deg.).
• A gas da kuma kumfa (yawa 800) - 0,37 W (MX deg.).
• Softwood - 0,18 W (MX deg.).
• Extruded polystyrene kumfa - 0,032 W (MX deg.).
• Ma'adinai ulu (yawa 180) - 0.048 watts (MX deg.).

A halayyar darajar zafi canja wuri juriya

Rated darajar thermal juriya ya zama kasa da tushe darajar. A tushe darajar aka ƙaddara bisa ga Table 3 SP50.13330.2012 "thermal Kariya na Gine-gine". Tebur gano coefficients yin lissafi baseline thermal juriya dabi'u na duk frame Tsarin da kuma gini iri. Ci gaba da baya thermal lissafi walling, wani misali daga cikin lissafi ne kamar haka:

• Rsten 0,00035h6435 = + 1,4 = 3,65 (m x K / W).
• Rpokr 0,0005h6435 = + 2,2 = 5,41 (m x K / W).
• Rcherd 0,00045h6435 = + 1,9 = 4,79 (m x K / W).
• Rockne 0,00005h6435 = 0.3 = + 0.62 (m x K / W).

Thermal lissafi waje walling riko ga dukkan kayayyaki, rufe da "dumi" madauki - wani bene a ƙasa, ko kasa tehpodpolya, waje ganuwar (ciki har da kuma kofofi da tagogi), a hade shafi ko ku dalaye unheated ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi. Har ila yau, da lissafi dole ne a yi domin ciki Tsarin, idan zafin jiki drop a dab da dakuna ne fiye da 8 digiri.

Thermal lissafi na ganuwar

Mafi yawa daga cikin ganuwar da benaye da zane Multi-mai lebur da iri-irin. Thermal lissafi walling multilayer tsari ne kamar haka:
R = d1 / l1 + D2 / L2 + DN / Ln,
inda n - da sigogi na n-th Layer.

Idan muka yi la'akari da bulo bango shafe, sa'an nan muka samu da wadannan:

• wani m Layer na plaster kauri daga 3 cm, a thermal watsin na 0,93 W (MX deg.).
• Masonry corpulent lãka tubalin 64 cm, a thermal watsin na 0,81 W (MX deg.).
• ƙurewar Layer plaster kauri daga 3 cm, a thermal watsin na 0,93 W (MX deg.).

Formula zafi injiniya lissafi na kare kayayyaki ne kamar haka:

R = 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 0,85 (m x K / W).

A samu darajar ma kasa da a baya aka ayyana tunani darajar thermal juriya da ganuwar a Apartment gidan Murmansk 3.65 (m x K / W). The wall ba ya hadu tsara bukatun da bukatar rufi. Domin rufi bango yin amfani da ma'adinai ulu 150 mm lokacin farin ciki da thermal watsin na 0,048 W (MX deg.).

Daukana up cikin rufi tsarin, dole ne ka yi wani nunawa thermal lissafi walling. Misali na lissafi ne da aka nuna a kasa:

R = 0,15 / 0.048 + 0,03 / 0,93 + 0,64 / 0,81 + 0,03 / 0,93 = 3,97 (m x K / W).

A sakamakon darajar ne mafi girma daga dabara tushe - 3.65 (m x K / W), tare da rufi bango gamsar code bukatun.

Lissafi na zoba da kuma hada coatings yi kamar wancan.

Thermal lissafi benaye a lamba tare da gona

Sau da yawa a cikin zaman kansa gidajensu ko jama'a gine-gine, da benaye na farko bene suna da za'ayi a ƙasa. Thermal juriya benaye ba daidaita, amma a matsayin m bene tsarin kamata ba da damar dew. Lissafi na Tsarin cikin lamba tare da kasa da aka yi kamar haka: da benaye kasu kashi makada (band) nisa na mita 2, fara daga matsanancin iyaka. Irin wannan zones kasaftawa zuwa uku saura a yankin da dangantaka da na huɗu zone. Idan ba bayar da tasiri rufi, da thermal juriya na wadannan yankunan da aka dauka a cikin bene yi:

• Zone 1 - 2.1 (m x K / W).
• Zone 2 - 4.3 (m x K / W).
• Zone 3 - 8.6 (m x K / W).
• Zone 4 - 14.3 (m x K / W).

Yana da sauki lura cewa da ya fi tsayi sashe na kasa ne a kan gina garu, da girma da juriya ga zafi canja wuri. Saboda haka sau da yawa iyakance Warming na kasa kewaye. Kamar wancan ne da juriya da zafi canja wuri zone aka kara jure zafi makaran tsarin.
zafi canja wuri juriya na kasa ya kamata a kunshe a cikin lissafi na jimlar thermal lissafi walling. Floor lissafi misali a kan wani ƙasa tattauna a kasa. Ya ɗauka bene yanki 10 x 10 daidaita 100 m.

• Zone 1 yanki zai zama 64 m.
• A fannin zone 2 zai zama 32 m.
• Area 3 yanki zai zama 4 m.

Average juriya darajar zafi canja wuri kasa a ƙasa:
Rpola = 100 / (64 / 2.1 + 32 / 4.3 + 4 / 8.6) = 2.6 (m x K / W).

Bayan kammala kewaye da kasa rufi EPS slab kauri 5 cm stripe nisa of 1 mita, mun samu da talakawan darajar thermal juriya:

Rpola = 100 / (32 / 2,1 + 32 / (2,1 + 0,05 / 0,032) + 32 / 4,3 + 4 / 8,6) = 4,09 (m x K / W).

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a cikin wannan hanya lasafta ba kawai benaye, amma kuma gina ganuwar a lamba tare ƙasa (bango recessed benaye, dumi ginshiki).

Thermal lissafi kofofin

Da ɗan daban lasafta tushe darajar thermal juriya na ƙofar kofofin. Domin ta lissafi bukatar farko da yin lissafi da thermal juriya na ganuwar da tsafta-hygienic sharudda (nevypadeniyu dew):
PST = (Te - Ts) / (x dari DST).

Akwai DST - zazzabi bambanci tsakanin ciki bango surface da iska zazzabi a cikin dakin ne m da kafa dokoki da kuma ga gidaje da aka 4.0.
dari - zafi canja wuri coefficient na ciki bango surface na PO ne 8.7.
A tushe darajar da aka dauka daidai 0,6hRst kofofin.

Door zaba zane ake bukata don yin wani nunawa thermal lissafi walling. Lissafin lokuttan Example kofa:

WFD = 0.6 x (20 - (- 30)) / (4 x 8,7) = 0,86 (m x K / W).

Wannan dabara darajar za dace da kofa, makaran ma'adinai ulu 5 cm lokacin farin ciki. Its zafi canja wuri juriya zama R = 0,05 / 0,048 = 1,04 (m x K / W), wanda shi ne mafi girma daga lasafta.

Complex bukatun

Lissafi na ganuwar, ceilings ko shafi ake yi duba dokokin a wani kashi-hikima. Rulebook kuma sami cikakken umurni da ingancin rufi na kare kayayyaki a general. Wannan darajar da aka kira da "takamaiman zafi-tsare halaye." Ba tare da tabbaci ba ya yi ba wani thermal lissafi walling. Misali na lissafi na SP da aka ba a kasa.

COB = 88.77 / 250 = 0.35, wanda shi ne kasa da rated darajar 0,52. A wannan yanayin, yankin da kuma juz'i na dauka Housing girma 10 x 10 x 2.5 m zafi juriya -. Daidaita tushe raka'a.

Rated darajar m daidai da hadin gwiwa, dangane da ƙara na tsanani gida.

Bugu da kari ga m bukatun ga zane har na makamashi da takardun shaida ma bauta thermal lissafi walling, wani misali na rajista da fasfo da aka ba a cikin ƙarin gini zuwa SP50.13330.2012.

uniformity coefficient

All sama lissafinta zartar kama Tsarin. Wanne a yi shi ne quite rare. Don asusu domin heterogeneity na rage thermal juriya da aka gabatar thermotechnical homogeneity gyara coefficient - r. Yana daukan la'akari da canji a thermal juriya gabatar da taga da kofa takware, waje kusassari, iri-irin inclusions (msl gadoji, bim, baiwa, belts), sanyi da gadoji da sauransu.

Ana kirga wannan factor ne quite hadaddun, don haka a wani Saukake hanya iya amfani da abar dabi'u daga wallafe-wallafe. Alal misali, ga brickwork - 0.9, sanwic bangarori - 0.7.

tasiri rufi

Zabar wani gida rufi tsarin, ne mai sauki ga cewa cika bukatun na zamani thermal kariya ba tare da yin amfani da tasiri rufi ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, idan ka yi amfani da na gargajiya lãka tubali, masonry bukatar mitoci da dama m, wanda ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki m. Duk da haka, da low thermal watsin na zamani rufi a kan tushen polystyrene ko dutse ulu yale mu mu takura da thicknesses na 10-20 cm.

Alal misali, don isa tushe darajar thermal juriya 3.65 (m x K / W) ake bukata:

• bulo bango kauri daga 3 m.
• Masonry kankare tubalan 1.4 m.
• ma'adinai ulu rufi na 0,18 m.