The waka "Requiem" (Anna Akhmatova). "Requiem": tarihin halittar

Anna Andreevna Ahmatova - daya daga cikin mafi girma da kasida daga cikin karni na 20th. The mace, wanda juriya da kuma ƙaddamar ganin darajarsa a Rasha. Soviet hukuma ya ɗauki ta farko mijinta sa'an nan danta, ta waqe da aka haramta, da kuma latsa dace da ta tsananta. Amma babu woes kasa karya ta ruhu. A gwajin da cewa ya fadi a ta share, aiwatuwa a cikin aiki Akhmatova. "Requiem", labarin halitta da kuma bincike na wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin, ya kasance da swan song na mawãƙi ne.

A ra'ayin na waka

A gabatarwar da waka Akhmatova rubuta cewa ra'ayin da irin wannan samfurin ta tashi a lokacin da "Yezhov lokaci", wanda ta kashe a cikin kurkuku queues, neman wani taron tare da danta. Da zarar shi koya, kuma daya daga cikin mata tambayi idan Akhmatova ya iya bayyana abin da ya faru a wajen. Mawãƙi ce: "Na iya." Daga wannan lokacin aka haife da ra'ayin na waka, bisa ga Akhmatova kanta.

"Requiem", da labarin daga cikin halittar wanda ake dangantawa da sosai tsanani a tsawon shekaru domin Rasha mutane, ya sha wahala marubuci. A 1935 aka kama shi ga anti-Soviet ayyuka na dan Anna Akhmatova da Nikolaya Gumileva - Lev Gumilyov. Sa'an nan Anne Andreevne ya iya sauri saki da danta ta rubuta wata wasika ga Stalin da kaina. Amma a shekara ta 1938, bi da wani biyu a kama shi, sa'an nan Gumilev Jr. aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 10. Kuma na karshe a kama shi, bayan da ya yanke masa hukumcin kisa, baza a raga masu daga baya reference aka sanya a shekarar 1949. A 'yan shekarun baya Lev Gumilyov aka cikakken gyara, da kuma zargin ya zama tushe.

Akhmatova waka "Requiem" aiwatuwa dukan waɗanda baƙin cewa bayar ga wadannan m shekaru na mawãƙi ne. Amma shi ne ba kawai wani iyali da aka nuna a cikin samfurin. Yana bayyana baƙin ciki na dukkan mutanen da suka sha wahala a cikin wannan mummunan lokaci.

A farko line

Shaci bayyana a cikin 1934. Amma shi ne mai lyrical sake zagayowar, halittar wanda aka asali ya shirya kuma Akhmatova. "Requiem" (tarihi na halitta wanda yake shi ne mu theme) shi ne waka daga baya, a 1938-40, bi da bi. Kammala aikin da aka riga a cikin 50s.

A cikin shekaru 60 da na karni na 20th waka, da aka buga a samizdat, dadin mai girma shahararsa da kuma aka wuce daga hannu da hannu. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da samfurin da aka dakatar. Yawa da ya jimre wa ceci waka, Akhmatova.

"Requiem": da tarihi na halitta - na farko bazawa

A shekarar 1963, rubutun da na waka samun waje. A nan a Munich, da samfurin na farko a hukumance a buga. Rasha mãsu hijira yaba da waka, da littafin da wadannan kasidu amince da ra'ayi na poetic iyawa Anny Andreevny. Duk da haka, cikakken rubutun "Requiem" da aka saki kawai a shekarar 1987, a lokacin da aka buga a "Oktoba" mujallar.

bincike na

The jigo na waka Akhmatova ta "Requiem" - da wahala mutum a cikin iyali, wanda rayuwarsa weighs a cikin balance. Samfurin kunshi waqe rubuta a shekaru daban-daban. Amma sun kasance duk united baƙin ciki da mournful sauti cewa an sanya riga a cikin title na waka. Requiem - wani yanki na music nufi don tunawa da sabis.

A litattafan gabatarwa Akhmatova ce cewa aikin da aka rubuta ta hanyar wani ta request. Akwai tabbatar da hadisai kafa ta Pushkin, kuma Nekrasov. Wannan ne, da kisan domin na kowa mutum, embodying nufin mutane, ya ce jama'a fuskantarwa na dukan aikin. Saboda haka, haruffa da waka - dukan mutanen da suke tare da ita a karkashin "ja bango na makãho." Mawãƙi rubuta ba kawai ta da baƙin ciki, amma kuma da wahalar dukan mutane. Saboda haka, ta lyric "I" da aka canza kama zuwa wani babban-sikelin da kuma m "mu."

Polyphony da multifaceted "Requiem" (Ahmatova) waka ciki da kuma gano wadannan siffofin. Saboda mnogogeroynosti karatu ya ji kukan da kuma ji baƙin ciki fiye da mutum daya, kuma dukkan wadanda.

A kashi na farko na waka, rubuta trehstopnym anapaest nuna almara ta fuskantarwa. Kuma images (asuba, duhu babba dakin, kama, kama da kau da jiki) haifar da wani iska da tarihi amincin da tafi da baya ga tsoho sau: "I, kamar yadda wani Royal kadan matarsa." Saboda haka, wahalar lyrical conceptualized a matsayin maras lokaci, saba wa mata ko da a cikin shekaru da Bitrus.

A kashi na biyu na aikin, rubuta chetyrehstopnym ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ci a Lullaby style. A heroine ne ba cike da hushi da kuka, ta kwantar da hankula da kuma kange. Duk da haka, wannan wani al'amari ne da tawali'u, ciki shi yana faɗaɗa real hauka daga fadawa cikin baƙin ciki. A karshen kashi na biyu a tunanina duk da garwaye lyrical hauka kwaci shi gaba daya.

A culmination daga cikin ayyukan da aka kai na "Don mutuwa." Ga babban harafin ne ya shirya wa mutuwa a kowace hanya daga hannun 'yan fashi, cututtuka, "harsashi". Amma babu wani mai yin kawar da uwarsa, da kuma ta zahiri petrified da baƙin ciki.

ƙarshe

Akhmatova waka "Requiem" daukawa zafi da wahala da Rasha mutane. Kuma ba kawai dandana a cikin karni na 20th, amma kuma ga dukkan baya karni. Akhmatova babban tare da shirin daidaici da ransa, ta ce Rasha ta baya, ta ba da kuma nan gaba.