The Red Littafi na Karelia: shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, fungi, kifi

Banal taken kiran kare yanayi, kwanan samu ainihin ma'anar. Human ayyuka a ƙasa ya ma aiki: iska guba da kamfanoni da kuma shaye gas motoci, najasa ruwa jikinsu, da yawa dabbobi, kifaye, tsuntsaye, da tsire-tsire ne a karkashin barazana da nau'i nau'i. Saboda haka mutane suna tilasta su koma ga bin doka da oda, da samar da daban-daban lists, godiya ga wanda ya ba a yarda ya halakar da wata halitta look. Irin wannan jerin ne mai ja littafin.

Mene ne wani Red Littafi?

A ra'ayin na samar da wannan littafi ya bayyana a cikin 1948. Yana da aka kafa a kan shirin na masanin kimiyyar al'umma, wanda ya fara da sautin ƙararrawa saboda kara lokuta da nau'i nau'i na alƙarya da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Kiyayewa Union bude gangami jerin da kuma aika da shugabannin duniya jihohi. Me ya sa suka zabi shi ja? A gaskiya, duk abin da yake mai sauki: shi ne wani gangami inuwa, kuma a lokaci guda, da launi na rayuwa. Saboda haka, Red Littãfi da aka tsara don jawo hankalin hankalin jama'a. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa shi ne gaba daya ja: shi ya ƙunshi shafuka na wasu launuka:

1. Black. A mafi ban tausayi shafukan da launi na makoki. Wadanda dabbobi ko shuke-shuke da cewa, an rubuta su a kan su, ba ƙaddara su gani. Wannan - duk dadaddun nau'in.
2. Green. A mafi gaisuwa da zanen gado: suke located jinsunan cewa gudanar da raya da kuma ajiye.
3. Red. Page wannan launi nuna nau'in cewa wa'adi da nau'i nau'i.
4. White. A nan ne m siffofin Flora da fauna.
5. Gray. Arancinsu karatu jinsunan taru a launin toka shafukan.
6. Yellow. Launi janyo hankalin da hankali ga hanzari ragewa jama'a.

Bugu da kari ga kasa da kasa da kasa da kasa lists, akwai kuma yankin. Yana da su, irin damuwar Red Littafi na Karelia.

Karelia: wani namun dajin

Nature na Jamhuriyar Karelia a hanyoyi da dama musamman da daukan hankali. Irin wannan arziki kawai bukatar daukar karkashin kariya ta jihar, saboda haka, da masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani sararin edition kamar yadda The Red Littafi na Karelia. Animals, Flora, kifi da kaji, wanda suna a kan ta shafukan, a dire bukatar mutum kula. Wannan amfani littafin da aka sake buga shi sau uku. An farko da aka buga a shekarar 1985. Ta shiga 160 jinsunan jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke, 30 jinsunan kwari da kuma vertabrate, kazalika da 22 jinsunan daban-daban fungi. A karo na biyu edition a 1995 kumbura ƙarin bayani. The Red Littafi na Karelia hada 390 matsayi, kaddamarda shuke-shuke, daga gare su, mosses, fungi da lichens. Har ila yau, sun ha] a su ne kwari, mollusks, tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa: dukkan 365 jinsunan. A mafi kayatarwa na uku edition, da aka buga a 2008, bisa ga dokoki na jawo sama da irin wannan lists.

Tsire-tsire Karelia

muhimmanci sosai edition, sosai ci gaba da gida masana kimiyya da yankin, ya Red Littafi na Karelia. Shuke-shuke da cewa sun zauna a kan ta shafukan, da gaske a dire bukatar kariya a jihar matakin. Yana ferns (asplenium, moonwort, Dryopteris), daji orchids (lady ta sifila, nadbornik leafless, iri biyu Morhardt), da dama jinsunan magani shuke-shuke. Haka kuma an ba biya da hankali da kuma ornamental jinsunan kamar Arabis da tsirtsebita mai tsayi, Siberian aster da vetrenichka buttercup. Bog shuke-shuke, kuma, suna kunshe a cikin wannan jerin, misali, Drosera intermedia da Kowloon. Iri Bishiyoyi a kan gãɓar rãmi na nau'i nau'i, da ke rubuce a cikin shafukan wannan littafi: Karelian Birch, Hazel, cotoneaster.

A wasu shuke-shuke, shi ne ya gaya baya. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da wani abu da ya fara Fade mai amfani tsari a matsayin St. John wort. Wannan ganye da aka gane a matsayin jama'a da kuma maganin gargajiya. Yana yana da wadannan amfani Properties: kyau kwarai analgesic, sauqaqa spasms na jini da asarar mayar, ya warkar da raunuka, sautunan da soothes. Ko a zamanin da aka bi da tare da gastrointestinal cuta, hanta da koda. Har ila yau, jiko na St. John wort da ake amfani da coughs da rheumatism. Amma dole ne mu yi hankali, kamar yadda babba stalks da shuka ne m, don haka kafin yin amfani da shi wajibi ne don tuntubar likita.

Yana da wani kananan ɓaɓɓake daga dũkiya, wanda ya hada da Red Littafi na Karelia. Shuke-shuke, kamar Rhodiola rosea, wanda kuma ake kira zinariya tushen, da gaske yaba da nauyi a cikin zinariya. Idan aka yi amfani da daidai, da Rhodiola ne m tasiri a kan dukan kwayoyin. Musamman da shi rinjayar da mutum mai hankali iya aiki, kwakwalwarsa. Akwai ma antihistamines kuma anti-pyretic Properties na wannan shuka.

Bugu da kari ga magani shuke-shuke, shi ne ya kamata a lura da wani m orchid, fi son damp da kuma duhu wurare - kipridin sifila. Kamar yadda aka kira: lady ta, Marina ko Kukushkin sifila, bogoroditsin taya, moccasins (a Amurka), lady ta sifila (a Ingila). A Karelia shi ke tsiro na musamman a cikin Reserve Kivach. Abin lura shi ne cewa wannan orchid blooms domin kusan wata daya.

Tsaro fungal stock

Abin da kuma mãsu tsarẽwa Red Littafi na Karelia? Namomin kaza, wanda suke a cikin ƙasa na game da 100 jinsunan, kuma bukatar kariya. Alal misali, a cikin jerin sautuka m osinovik fari. Wannan edible naman kaza ke tsiro a cikin kasa Parks da kuma reserves na Karelia. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari osinovik fiye da shekara.

Bright m naman kaza kira Clitocybe Nuda ne ma edible. Ya na son tara na da sandunansu, kuma tattaka tari. A naman gwari ne quite manyan kuma har zuwa 20 santimita na tafiya karkara.

A sosai rare jinsuna - Polish naman kaza. Wannan kyakkyawa za a iya ci, amma shi ne don haka rare cewa shi ba izini don tattara. Yana tsiro ne kawai a cikin Kivach Reserve.

Wani nau'i na lemar kwaxi - Cortinarius violaceus. Gourmets la'akari da shi a delicacy. Yana da musamman rare, da kuma mutanen da ba shi da sunan "pribolotnik".

A karshe wanda mu tuna a cikin wannan opus, yana da inedible namomin kaza Smorchkova hula. Sunan shi ne quite m: da naman gwari ne da gaske kama da iyali Smorchkova.

Bird calms ƙasa kuri'a

Abin baƙin ciki, da arziki da kuma bambance bambancen Red Littafi na Karelia. Birds, ba shakka, kuma rayu a kan ta shafukan. Takaddamarsu, mai launin toka mujiya, wasu jinsunan Swans, ja-flanked bluetail da curlew an hada da ba wai kawai a cikin gangami Littafi na Karelia, amma kuma a cikin kasa, kuma ko da duniya lists.

Laba sandpiper, curlew kira, shi ne mafi girma a cikin fauna daga Rasha. Yana za a iya bambanta da wani mai lankwasa baki na babba tsawon. A cikin bazara na shẽwa songs aka yada zuwa yanzu isa.

Har ila yau a cikin Red Littãfi daga Karelia shiga wani babban mai launin toka mujiya. A ikon yinsa, daga fukafukinsa ne daya da rabi mita, da kuma nauyi - har zuwa kilogram. Wannan tsuntsu ne wani lokacin rude da wani mujiya, amma su hanyarsa ta rayuwa shi ne daban-daban: mujiya - tsuntsu da dare, yayin da mujiya ne farkakku a cikin rãna. Population size dabam dangane da yawan hakori. Bird shiga a dama da tsaro lists.

Capercaillie - mai kyau, majestic tsuntsu. Shi ne kawai cikakken daidai saba da arewacin sauyin yanayi, musamman a cikin sanyi winters. Male takaddamarsu bambanta da gaske gigantic size, da nauyi kai 6.5 kg. The mace rabin ko kasa daban-daban haske plumage. Wannan wakilin kaza a cikin hunturu ciyarwa a kan Pine Cones kuma Pine needles, kuma a lokacin rani zai iya ci ko da kadangaru. A jirgin, da capercaillie ne quite m. A nama na wannan giant da amfani sosai, don haka wasu mafarauta decimating kaji ba tare da lissafi ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Red Littafi na Karelia bayansa da irin wannan wakilan detachment tsuntsaye kamar takaddamarsu.

Karelian kifi

Wuraren da Karelia densely lugar mazaunan, amma 28 jinsunan kifaye ne miyagun. kawai ake bukata Red Littafi na Karelia ga irin kungiyoyin da mazaunan koguna da tabkuna. kifi irin wannan iyalai a matsayin Salmonidae, sturgeon, whitefish, irin kifi, catfish, loaches jera m kariya. Su taro kama ya kai ga m sakamakon: a kan gab da karewa sun sturgeon, sturgeon, lake kifi, farin kifi, whitefish, tench, saber kifi, spined loach kuma catfish. Wadannan m nau'in kifi zai bace har abada daga Wuraren da Karelia, idan sun kasance bã su dauka a lokaci a karkashin kariya ta jiha.

dabba duniya

Mutane da yawa fauna dauke da Red Littafi na Karelia. Animals a yankin suna da aka sani ga duk Documentaries da alama fina-finai, amma idan ba ka daina su harbi, da mutum irresponsibility kai ga su nau'i nau'i. Alal misali, a arewacin gandun daji barewa. Wannan kyau dabba ƙahonin da biyu mata da maza. Kuma duk da haka shi ne mashahuri domin kasancewa a cikin zuciya na barewa kashi can, manufar wanda ba a sani ba har yanzu. Wadannan makiyaya daga cikin daji rayuwa a cikin garkunan up to 15 mutane. A hunturu iya ƙaura daga 100 deer kungiyoyin. Beautiful ungulates cewa rayu har zuwa shekaru 25 da haihuwa, son shirya a Marshes, gandun daji da gansakuka zuriyar dabbobi, kogin fadamun. A lokacin, yawan zaune a cikin biyu na kasa Parks da kuma Kostomuksha Nature Reserve.

A kan ƙasa na Karelia reserves da gonakin sanaki kadai rai memba na HALITTAR ", haɗamammu" da aka fassara a matsayin sunan Gulo - wolverine. The Red Littafi na Karelia jamhuriyar ba za a iya bayansa da haka m, amma abin takaici miyagun hali. Wannan dabba ne guda hankali sosai da kuma karfi. Pretty m dabba yayi kama da manyan Badger ko beyar. Yana yana da wani lokacin farin ciki, m gashi, kaifi fika da kuma iko hakora. dabba yin la'akari har zuwa 18 kilo. Idan a wani secluded wuri ko a karkashin tushen wata itaciya aka samu da lair, za ka iya tabbata akwai rayuwa wolverine.

The Red Book - shi ne ba kawai wani kariya jerin. Wannan tunatarwa ne ga mutãne, da yawa kyau dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kifi da aka gabatar mana da yanayi. Unpardonable wauta da kuma almubazzaranci da shi duka zai rasa. Bayan duk, kowane mahada a cikin yanayi yana da wani dalili. Wolverine, misali, saboda su omnivorous taka rawar da wani medic katako, cin abinci, mũshe.

Wani mazauni na Karelian gandun daji - da Lynx. Menene wannan babban cat, suka san kusan kome da kome, amma ta hali ne ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Manyan da m dabba adores cluttered duhu dazuzzuka, babban iyon da kuma hawa itatuwa. Idan abinci bai isa ba, da Lynx iya zo ka hau kan dogon tafiya, wannan hanya da suka je wa Kamchatka. A dabara na kai hari ta da wayo-expectant, amma ba da wannan a matsayin mafi yawan mutane suna saba wa tunani: ba kai farmaki, tsalle a kan wanda aka azabtar daga wani itace. A lokacin sanyi, sa'ad da snow ne sosai zurfi, Lynx iya ma ta doke mace ja barewa. Ga shi shekaru masu yawa da aka yi imani da cewa wajibi ne don halakar da Lynx matsayin mai hadarin gaske predator (da Jawo na dabba babba darajar), amma bayan wani lokaci ya juya daga cewa dabba taka wata babbar rawar a biocenosis, don haka don kare Lynx, Jihar kawai dole.

Bayan wasu, da Red Littafi na Karelia yana a kan ta Multi masu launin shafukan da irin wannan rare fauna kamar tashi kurege, fox, ruwan kasa bear, ermine, zomo, weasel, marten da muz.

Mene ne darajar da tsaro jerin?

The Red Book - shi ne wani daftarin aiki na kasa muhimmancin. Amma ya sani kawai, an gargadi mutane game da jinsin cewa suna bace. A mataki na gaba shi ne da kariya daga halittar kasa Parks da kuma reserves. Yana da wadannan matakan da suka taimaka wajen ceto daga karewa da yawa jinsunan tsuntsaye, dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke. Haka ma wajibi ne don haifar da matsafai: kare yankunan cire wasu iri fauna ko Flora. A amfani da irin matakan taimaka wajen rage anthropogenic factor, tsanani barazanar yanayi na duniya.