Tarik Ancient Girka. History of Ancient Girka

Cikin shimfiɗar jariri, na zamani al'adun Turai ne gaskiya dauke da Ancient Girka. Wannan jiha ya yi wani alama da tasiri a kan ci gaban yankunan da yawa na rayuwar mutum - kimiyya, magani, siyasa, al'adu da falsafa. Wasu tsoho Greek Monuments ake kiyaye wa yau. Shi ne game da su da kuma game da tarihin da sau daya-manyan ikokin da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.

Ancient Girka da kuma tarihinsa muhimmanci

Karkashin Ancient Girka masana tarihi fahimtar totality da wayewa, wanda dade game da 3,000 shekaru, daga uku Millennium BC zuwa na karni AD. The sosai manufar "Ancient Girka" a cikin ƙasa na zamani a jihar da ba a amfani. A cikin wannan kasar, wannan na wayewa samuwar kira Hellas, da mazaunanta - Hellenes.

Description of Ancient Girka ya kamata a fara da muhimmanci da rawa a cikin tarihi cigaban yammacin duniya. Saboda haka, gaskiya masana tarihi yi imani da cewa shi ne a zamanin tsohuwar Girka aza harsashin ginin da Turai dimokuradiyya, falsafa, art da kuma gine. A Girkanci jihar da aka ci nasarar da Roma, amma a lokaci guda ya ari Roman Empire da kuma babban fasali na zamanin d Girkanci al'adu.

Wadannan feats na zamanin d Girka - ba a duniya-sanannen kyau camfin da binciken a kimiyya da kuma al'adu, falsafa da kuma shayari, magani da kuma gine. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Gwargwadon yanki na zamanin d Girka ba ta zo daidai da iyakoki na zamani a jihar. Wannan lokaci masana tarihi sau da yawa unsa expanses na sauran kasashe da yankuna: Turkey, Cyprus, Crimea har ma da Caucasus. Monuments na zamanin d Girka tsira dukkan wadannan yankunan. Bugu da kari, da tsoho Greek shiri (mallaka) aka sau daya a warwatse tare da gaba da Rum, da Black kuma Azov Tekuna.

Labarin kasa da kuma taswirar Ancient Girka

Hellas ba guda, monolithic jihar ilimi. A harsashinsa da aka kafa fiye da dozin raba gari-jihohin (cikin shahararrun daga gare su - Athens, Sparta, Piraeus, Samos, Koranti). Dukan jihohi na zamanin d Girka sun da ake kira "manufofi" (a cikin wasu kalmomi, birnin), tare da m ƙasar. Kowane yi na da dokokin.

A tsakiyar core na Ancient Girka ne a Balkan sashin, ko kuma wajen, ta kudancin, da yammacin tip na Asia Ƙananan, kazalika da jam'i na tsibiran a cikin wannan yankin. Ancient Girka kunshi sassa uku: Northern Girka, Central Greece da kuma Peloponnese. A arewa na jihar kẽwayesu da Macedonia da Illyria.

Historical Map na Ancient Girka da aka gabatar a kasa.

Cities in Ancient Girka (manufofin)

Yadda ya yi da birnin a zamanin tsohuwar Girka?

Ba za mu iya ce cewa suna da wani chic da na marmari look, kamar yadda yake haka sau da yawa son Alal misali a cikin hotuna. A gaskiya - wannan shi ne wani labari. M da pompous a Greek birni-jihohin bayyana kawai da babban jama'a gine-gine, amma gidajen talakawa} kasance suna fadin.

Mutane gidajen da aka hana wani ta'aziyya. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa zamanin d Helenawa ko barci a waje, a karkashin portico. birane titi cibiyar sadarwa ya kasance m, kuma m-ɗauki cikinsa: babban ɓangare daga gare su, kuma ba fada hasken rana.

Mummunan halin da ake ciki ya kasance a Athens, wanda da yawa matafiya na lokaci ya yi magana da raini. Duk da haka, ta'aziyya da kuma ƙarshe shiga cikin gidajen talakawa Helenawa. Saboda haka, a juyin juya halin da a raya birane da kuma shiryawa da tituna a lokacin sanya Hippodamus m na Militas. Shi ne ya yi farko kusantar da hankali ga wuri daga cikin gidajen a cikin birnin da kuma kokarin gina su a daya line.

Gine-gine da waɗansu alãmõmi na zamanin d Girka

Yanzu ya zama dole su zauna a kan wani muhimmin batu: cewa na zamanin d Girka ya bar mana, cikin sharuddan abu Monuments?

Tarik Ancient Girka - haikalin, amphitheatres, ragowar jama'a gine-gine - an kiyaye su a cikin da yawa kasashen Turai. Amma kuma mafi yawansu, ba shakka, a kan ƙasa na zamani jihar na wannan sunan.

A mafi muhimmanci Monuments na zamanin d kayan al'adu ne daɗaɗɗe Greek Haikali. Kamar yadda suka kasance gina cikin Hellas, saboda an yi tunanin cewa alloli rayuwa a cikin su kansu. Wadannan duniya-sanannen gani na zamanin d Girka tsaye daga kan bango na sauran Monuments na zamanin d Girka - remnants na Greek Acropolis da sauran tsoho kango.

Parthenon

Zai yiwu mafi shahara abin tunawa na zamanin d Girkanci gine ne Parthenon Haikali. Yana da aka gina a cikin 432 BC, a Athens, da kuma a yau ne mafi recognizable yawon shakatawa alama ce na zamani Girka. An sani cewa gina wannan majestic Doric haikali jagorancin gine-ginen da Callicrates Iktinos, kuma aka gina shi a cikin girmamawa ga aljanna Athena - da Patroness na da Athenian Acropolis.

Kafin mu lokacin da aka quite da kyau kiyaye tsakiyar ɓangare na Parthenon da hamsin ginshikan. A tsakiyar Haikali za ka iya ganin wata kwafin na sassaka na Athena, sanya a lokacin da hauren giwa, da zinariya, da Phidias - sanannun Greek fenta kuma sculptor.

Freese tsakiyar facade sannan suka yi wa ado da daban-daban images, da kuma pediments cikin Haikali - ban al'ajabi da sculptures.

haikalin Hera

A mafi tsufa shekaru haikali na zamanin d Girka ne haikalin da aljanna Hera. Masana sun ce cewa da aka gina a cikin shida karni BC. Abin baƙin ciki, ginin kiyaye ba kamar yadda mai kyau a matsayin Parthenon a farkon karni na hudu shi da aka mai tsanani lalace da bala'in.

Haikalin Hera aka located in Olympia. A cewar labari, an gabatar da mazaunan Elis Olympians. Foundation mataki, kazalika 'yan sauran ginshiƙai - duk da cewa ya rage daga cikin grandiose yi wa kwanan wata. Daya iya kawai tunanin abin da ya kama a cikin wadanda zamanin da.

A lokacin, haikalin Hera aka yi wa ado da wani mutum-mutumi na Hamisa. Yau da sassaka da aka sa a cikin tarihi a wurin Museum of Olympia. An sani cewa zamanin d Romawa amfani Hera haikali a Olympia a matsayin mafakarsu. Yau wannan wuri ne sanannen da farko ta gaskiya cewa fitilar Olympics da aka lit a kan Hauwa'u na gaba gasar wasannin Olympic.

haikalin Poseidon

Haikalin Poseidon, ko kuma wajen da ragowar suna located a Cape Sounion. Yana da aka gina a cikin 455 BC. Yana ta tsira kawai 15 ginshikan, amma suka yi magana eloquently na girma na ginin. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa a wurin da yake cikin Haikali, ko kafin yi ya fara, akwai riga sauran wuraren ibada. Ya yiwu suna kwanan rana VII karni BC.

Sananne ne cewa Allah Poseidon a Girkanci mythology - ne a master tekuna da kuma tekuna. Saboda haka yana da wani daidaituwa da tsoho Helenawa ya zaba cikin wuri domin gina Haikalin: a kan Bluff yake kallon Aegean Sea. Af, a kan wannan wuri King Aegeus tsalle daga m dutse, a lokacin da ya tsinkayi wani jirgin dansa Theseus da baki ze tashi.

A ƙarshe ...

Ancient Girka - shi ne mai real sabon abu a cikin tarihi na al'adun Turai, wanda ya yi wani banbanci a kan ci gaban Turai al'adu, kimiyya, fasaha da na gine-gine. Gani na zamanin d Girka - ne m majestic haikalin, ragowar na Acropolis da picturesque kango, wanda a cikin manyan yawa na tsira. Yau da suke jawo hankalin babbar dama yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya.