Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: biography da kuma hoto

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (real name - Nefedov) - sanannen Rasha sculptor, saboda wanda duk duniya ta koya game da wanzuwar daya daga cikin Mordovian kabilu. A labarin samar da wani taƙaitaccen bayyani na rayuwarsa da kuma aiki.

Asalin da sculptor

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya haife shi a Ardatov gundumar Mordovia (d. Baevo) Oktoba 27, 1876. Uwãyensa sun kasance manoma na kabilar Mordvinian erzya (Saboda haka aka ce masa sculptor). Wannan kabilar arna imani nace a cikin karni na 19th. An sani cewa Erzya girmama rai na koguna, marẽmari da duwatsu bauta alfarma itatuwa. Duk da haka, Stepan kansa ya Orthodox, da kuma riga a cikin 3rd tsara.

horo lokaci

A nan gaba sculptor fara nasa rai da shekaru 14 da shekaru. A lokacin da shekaru 10 Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya tsunduma a daban-daban crafts, ciki har da zane Ibada. Kawai dawo wa mahaifansa biyu a Alatyr, inda suka koma da nan, Stepan fara yin abin da ya ga gaskiya kira. Local fatake ya yaba da shimfidar wuri wanda ya yi wa mai son theatricals a kan ayyukan A. S. Pushkina. Sun yanke shawarar nuna hotuna na Stepan Dmitrievich Director na Stroganov School a Moscow.

A 1901, kusan mallakan da Rasha harshen Erzya tafi karatu a Moscow. Bayan karatu mai shekara a Stroganov School, inda ya halarci yamma zane azuzuwan, Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya iya shigar da Moscow School of zanen. A lokacin shekara, Erzya shirya don zama wani mai zane-zane, amma sai ya yi niyyar zuwa da sassaka sashen. Ya kasance da sauki karatu. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich sauri ƙware da sana'a da sculptor godiya ta zuwa ga halitta endowments. Malaminsa ya S. M. Volnuhin, wanda aka sani da marubucin da abin tunawa Ivanu Fedorovu, Rasha majagaba. Stepan yana da dangantakar abokantaka tare da malaminsa. Erzya taimake shi bayan juyin juya hali. Ya dauki rashin lafiya Volnukhin kudu, ƙoƙarin ajiye shi. Duk da haka, malaminsa ya mutu a hannunsa. Creativity wakilin Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo kuma yana da babban tasiri a kan samuwar nan gaba na sculptor.

Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich bai gama ba shakka. Ya zaci cewa makaranta shi ne mafi kyau na iya. A shekarar 1906, ya tafi zuwa Italiya. A nan ne ya fara karshe kiran kansa Erzya, imani da cewa haka ne ya ce duniya domin mutãnensa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ya amsa wa laƙabi da, da kuma wani lokacin hannu sunan Nefedov-Erzya ya dalibi aiki.

A aikin da za'ayi a Italiya

Wahayi zuwa gare ta ga ayyukan Michelangelo, Erzya fara aiki a marmara. A Italiya, ya sauri ƙware dabarun da suka kamata. Sculptor slashed su halittun kawai a dutse. Ya bai shirya pre-zayyana ko almara. Ya kamata a lura da cewa 'yan Masters yi aiki, ta amfani da dabara na kai tsaye sassaƙa. suka yawanci koma zuwa sabis na mataimakansa. A halin yanzu, akwai mutane da yawa ba jobs Erzya game da wannan lokaci. Daga cikin sculptures wajibi ne a lura da mutum-mutumi Ioanna Krestitelya. Wannan aikin da aka yi domin Haikalin birnin La Spezia.

A farko babban rabo mai girma

A 1909, Stepan Dmitrievich zo na farko babban rabo mai girma. A sa'an nan a cikin takwas International Nunin a Venice Erzya abun da ke ciki da aka nuna, mai lakabin "Last dare kafin kisa da kaso mutum". Yana da samfurin na Stepan Dmitrievich sanya bayan ziyarar da Moscow- Butyrskaya. Dole ne in ce cewa a cikin shekaru na binciken da muka kasance sha'awar moonlighting sculptor daukar hoto. A wannan lokaci, ina harbi yunkuri, wanda aka kama, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

Brief biography na master ba ya unsa cikakken sani tare da aikinsa. Duk da haka, dole ne mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da "Last dare kafin kisa da kaso mutum", kamar yadda yana da muhimmanci sosai aiki. Stepan Dmitrievich wanda aka nuna a zaune rabin tsiraici mutum, wanda yake ƙoƙarin painfully sane da cewa nan da sannu ya so. A wannan adadi, da kama don tsammani marubucin, wanda shi ne hali da wani yawan ayyukan ban sha'awa mana da ubangijinsa.

Dole ne in ce cewa wannan sassaka aka sha'awar da nuni. Erzya nan da nan ya zama sananne ba kawai a matsayin "Rasha Rodin." Yana da ban sha'awa cewa jim kadan kafin nuni, wanda ya za a gabatar da ita, da aka taso. Stepan Dmitrievich ya mayar da sassaka a kawai 4 days. A halin yanzu, da wuri daga cikin aikin da za'ayi a cikin kankare ba a sani. Akwai kawai wasa da shi.

Motsi to France

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya sassaka wanda a wancan lokaci aka riga quite da kyau a san kasashen waje, a 1910 ya koma kasar Faransa. Babban rabo mai girma ya ta nuni a Munich, Nice da Milan. Museum a Nice ya samu aikinsa, suka sayi, da kuma masu zaman kansu haraji. A Paris a 1913 ya gudanar da farko solo nuni Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. Tarihinsa a wannan lokaci alama ta halittar jerin sculptural hotuna sanya wa oda. Wannan ya ba da wani gagarumin koma zuwa ga ubangijinsa. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, wanda aiki ne a babban bukatar, haddace roba model nan take. Saboda haka ya oda kashe sosai da sauri - shi ya isa ga daya ko biyu da akayi.

Mata hotuna

Stepan Dmitrievich a 1912 halitta mai hoto da ya ƙaunataccen mace, Marta. Wannan sculptural image (a m karkata kai, da m rabin murmushi), kazalika da takamaiman hanyoyin da tallan kayan kawa (contrastly smoothed fuska, texturally m sarrafa gashi) a nan gaba aikin na artist za a maimaita ta a cikin wani yawan hotuna na mata. A "Norwegian mace", halitta a cikin shekara ta 1914, a sculptor tare da babban fasaha wuce wani wuya Jihar hankali na heroine, ba kyau sosai, kuma ba haka matasa mata. Ta ji cewa idan da farin ciki, ko shan wahala.

Koma zuwa Rasha

Erzya a shekara ta 1914 ya koma Rasha. Maƙwabcinsa ya ST Konenkov, wanda muhimmanci rinjayi da kara aikin na master. Stepan Dmitrievich yaqi a lokacin yakin duniya na, ya kasance karkashin kulawa na Dr. H. O. Suteeva. Erzya aiki a matsayin wani likita ma'ana. A likita ne, wanda yake a karkashin umurnin Stepan Dmitrievich, ya rubuta labarun, cike da m Kasadar ransa kasashen waje. Wadannan labaru da aka daga baya a buga.

Back gida, da sculptor halitta aiki, ba kawai a marmara. Erzya da kuma amfani da kayayyakin da suke sabon abu easel sassaka (kankare da siminti). Bugu da kari, da artist amfani kankare tare da karfe kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Erzya farko ya yi aiki a cikin itacen. Wannan ya taimaka da ya abota da Konenkov, wanda ya shahara master of samar da katako, sculptures. A zabi na kayan ma shafa yara abubuwan, wadda samu Stepan Dmitrievich, admiring ayyukan Mordvin jama'a artists, yin sassaka na itace.

A tafiya zuwa Urals

Marmara ya ko da yaushe ya kasance mai fi so kayan Erzya. Stepan Dmitrievich ko da ya tafi zuwa ga Ural Mountains in search na rare marmara kankara. Wannan tafiya tana nufin lokaci daga 1918 zuwa 1921. A wannan lokaci, da sculptor ya jimre dukan wahalar mai tsanani post-neman sauyi lokaci da kuma tarzomar da yakin basasa.

"Hauwa'u"

"Hauwa'u" - Erzya-sani aikin, sanya a 1919. Littafi Mai-Tsarki progenitor na sassaka marmara. Yana bayyana a gare mu a cikin nau'i na wani kauye pyshnoteloy moloduhi, butulci da kuma na batsa a lokaci guda. Wannan sassaka a kowa da ayyukan da Masters of Art Nouveau. Fading wannan salon yana nufin lokaci da samuwar Erzya kamar yadda sculptor.

A postwar shekaru

Stepan Dmitrievich a farko bayan shekara da yaki ya rayu a Yekaterinburg da Moscow, Batumi, Novorossiysk, Baku. Jagora sanar, ya halarci events shirya da sabon hukumomi. Erzya a 1922 ya yi da hotuna na Akaki Tsereteli, Shota Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. Ya kuma halicci wadannan ayyukan: "Leda da Swan," "mata masu", "national". Dukkan wadannan halittun aka yi da itace. The artist halitta da kuma na ado aikin yi oda. Mafi yawansu sun ba tsira. Daga cikin wadannan, ya kamata a lura da abin tunawa ga Karl Marx da kuma Freedom a Yekaterinburg. Dukansu biyu suna yi na ciminti da shafi 1920. Daga cikin tsira ayyukan wannan lokaci ana gabatar frankly rauni, kamar House of Kungiyoyin kwadago a Baku. Daya ji cewa Erzya bã ya mallakar wadannan siffofin. Kamar yadda ya yi da shugaban da kuma fasa na Lenin da sculptor Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine lokaci na kerawa

Artist a shekara ta 1925 ya zama memba na Society of Rasha sculptors. A shekara sai ya tafi Faransa tare da show, sa'an nan ya yanke shawarar ba su kõmo zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Erzya zauna a Argentina, kamar yadda kasashen Turai ba ya so ya yi da "ja sculptor." Haka abin ya fara a sabuwar hayayyafa mataki a cikin rãyuwar wani artist kamar yadda Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine lokaci karfi da tasiri da m asali na master. Stepan Dmitrievich koma ga wannan kasar, zaunar a wani karamin gida a kan karkata daga Buenos Aires. Ya erzya kullum nuna a gida nune-nunen ayyukansa, da aka buga a kansa kudi wani ɗan littafi da bayanai game da su. A wannan lokacin, kadai abu don Erzya ya Algarrobo itace da quebracho, wanda ke tsiro na musamman a kudancin Amirka, gandun daji. Wannan abu ne da wuya ƙwarai, don haka ya bukaci Stepan Dmitrievich wuya, da wuya aiki. The artist amfani da nodules, nodules, tushen itatuwa, a haɗa da ake so guda na manne. A 1932 da ya yi kai-mask "Musa" (hoton sama) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Argentine lokaci - shi ne ma halittar sculptural hotuna na mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). A 1944, da artist yi aikin "Man." Erzya kuma Ya halitta wani sa na hotuna na matasa beauties.

Makõma take, na karshe shekaru ransa

A 1950, Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich koma zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet. Tare da shi a kan jirgin ya isa kusan dukan sculptures (a kan 300 ayyukansu). Har ila yau, artist ya kawo guda na itace Algarrobo da quebracho domin nan gaba ayyukansu. Shirya a Moscow a 1954. A solo nuni Erzya ya samu gagarumar nasara.

A sculptor mutu a 27 ga watan Nuwamba, 1959 a Saransk ya rage daga cikin manyan master, abin da ya haƙĩƙa Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Hotuna gabatar sama kabarinsa.