Sphagnum bogs - wani irin wetland. Sphagnum peat fadama

A temperate latitudes yafi a itace da tundra yankuna da aka kafa irin wannan nau'in wetland kamar yadda sphagnum bogs. The m ciyayi su - sphagnum gansakuka, saboda abin da suka samu da sunan.

description

Yana bogs, wanda aka yafi samar a cikin gumi Shefela. Daga sama aka rufe da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer sphagnum (fari gansakuka), yana da matukar high iya aiki. Yana da kyau a karbe, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kawai inda akwai wani Layer na humus.

Ƙarƙashin wannan ciyayi ne acidic, matalauci ruwa abun da ke ciki tare da wani sosai low abun ciki na oxygen. Irin wannan yanayi ne gaba daya m ga rayuwar mafi yawan masu rai, wanda sun hada da kwayoyin cuta da kuma lalata. Saboda haka, auku itatuwa, pollen, Organic abubuwa ba su bazu, kiyaye kan millennia.

jinsunan

Sphagnum bogs iya zama daban-daban a cikin bayyanar. su sau da yawa da convex siffar, t. Don. Moss tsiro mafi karfi a kusa da cibiyar, inda ruwa, gwargwado ne musamman low. A kan periphery daga cikin yanayi na ta haifuwa ne kasa m. Wani lokaci akwai lebur-dimbin yawa Marshes. A bambanci ne ma gandun daji da kuma unregenerated.

A farko halayyar da gabashin Turai da Siberia, inda a furta nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Treeless sphagnum bogs ake samu a cikin mafi m yanayin damina da suke da mafi halayyar da yammacin yankuna na Turai ƙasa.

Origin sphagnum bogs

An gano cewa tsohon Marshes aka kafa a kan miliyan 400 da suka wuce. Modern sphagnum peat fadama - shi ne sakamakon dogon juyin halitta. Bayan da kankara shekaru sun ruwa yankunan, babban kuma peat-kafa shuke-shuke da sun zama ciyawa da gansakuka. Formation peaty kasa sakamakon wani acidic muhalli. The hulda da daban-daban ma'aunan kasa, ta jiki da kuma Gwargwadon dalilai faru sushi waterlogging ko sauka a hankali overgrowth kududdufai. Wasu daga cikin Marshes fara hawa: su abinci ne gaba daya saboda da hazo.

Sphagnum bogs suna cike da ruwa da kuma kamar a kan ruwan tabarau. A hazo ba ma'adinai salts, don haka irin wannan swamps sanaki shuke-shuke saba da rashin abinci: yafi sphagnum mosses, ciyawa kuma kananan shrubs.

peat samuwar

Matattu shuka barbashi cewa tara a shekara a sphagnum bogs, ya samar da wata fairly manyan yadudduka da kwayoyin abubuwa. A hankali, suna canza kama zuwa peat. Wannan tsari ne ya rinjayi wani yanayi: wuce kima danshi, low yanayin zafi da kuma kusan cikakkiyar babu oxygen. Ragowar matattu shuke-shuke suna ba a hallaka yayin da rikewa da siffar da kuma ko da pollen. By nazarin peat samfurori, masana kimiyya iya sanin yadda sauyin yanayi ya ci gaba a yankin, kazalika da gandun daji canji ya faru.

Sphagnum bogs adana sararin reserves na peat, abin da hidima mutum a matsayin man fetur, don haka su ne na tattalin arziki muhimmanci.

sphagnum gansakuka

Gagarumar rawar a cikin ciyayi bogs taka sphagnum gansakuka. Yana yana da matukar peculiar tsarin. Reniform furen sanya a saman da kara, a cikin ƙananan part - whorls na dogon rassan shirya horizontally. Ganye an hada da daban-daban Kwayoyin, wasu daga wanda ya yi aikin wasu da harshen damo, kuma ya ƙunshi chlorophyll. Sauran Kwayoyin suna da komai, colorless kuma ya fi girma suna da wurin zama na danshi kamar soso cewa garwaya a jam'i na ta ramukan bayar a cikin kwasfa. Sun zauna dukan surface daga cikin takardar ¾. Saboda su wani sashi sphagnum iya mamaye ruwa. Moss ya ba mai kyau shekara-shekara girma, a shekara daya, har zai girma ya 6-8 cm.

Sauran shuke-shuke suna sphagnum bogs

A cikin gansakuka kafet iya girma ne kawai shuke-shuke a cikin abin da rhizome ne a tsaye ko da dan kadan karkata. Wannan shi ne yafi auduga ciyawa, sedge, cloudberries, cranberries, da kuma wasu shrubs, wanda rassan iya nuna adventitious Tushen, a lokacin da ƙananan part farawa ɓoye, a cikin m gansakuka. Wadannan shuke-shuke ma da dangantaka Heather, Rosemary, Dwarf Birch da t. D. Cranberry shimfidawa a kan surface na gansakuka dogon lashes, sundew kowace shekara siffofin da wani rosette bar kwance a kan tabarma sphagnum. Akwai nan kuma wasu herbaceous shuke-shuke Rasha: sphagnum bogs kawaici sundew, bladderwort, sedge. Don a binne shi a sphagnum gansakuka, su duka ayan mafi girma da kuma mafi girma ya motsa su batu na girma. Mafi yawan shuke-shuke bambanta short jiki da kuma kananan Evergreen ganye.

Bishiyoyi a fadama ka iya sau da yawa ganin wani Pine itace. Ko da yake ta yawanci dubi quite daban-daban fiye da daya da aka girma a Bor Sands. Cikin akwati na itace, wanda ke tsiro a kan sandararriyar ƙasar, yawanci siririn, lokacin farin ciki. Marsh aka tsumburai Pine (ba fiye da biyu mita high), m. Its short needles da kananan Cones a duk. A gicciye-sashe na bakin ciki akwati ka iya ganin babban adadin shekara-shekara zobba.

Bishiyoyi da zauna cikin Pine-sphagnum bogs, da adventitious asalinsu. Saboda haka, da suka yi a hankali zama overgrown tare da peat. Samu kansu a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, da tushen iya daina samar bar isasshen danshi, haddasa Pine bushe, kuma ya mutu.

Amfani Marshes mutum

Great darajar a matsayin peat fadama adibas kafofin, amfani da man fetur, kazalika da ikon source for a yawan shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, da peat amfani da aikin noma: ya ke taki, kwanciya don dabbobi. A masana'antu, an yi shi da insulating allon, daban-daban da sinadarai (methyl barasa, paraffin, creosote da kuma kama. D.).

Great tattalin arziki muhimmanci upland sphagnum bogs, wanda suke da babban wuri na Berry bushes: Cranberry, cloudberry, blueberries.

Haifar anthropogenic effects

A cikin 'yan shekaru, da tattalin arziki aiki, wadda take kaiwa mutane zuwa swamps ko m yankunan, sa wani canji na fadama ciyayi. Wadannan effects kamata a dangana draining swamps, gobara, dabbõbin, cikinsu yake saran itatuwa GASKET hanyõyi, da kuma bututun. Tsire-tsire Marshes kusa masana'antu cibiyoyin, sau da yawa wahala daga iska da kuma ƙasa gurbatawa.

Gyaran da glades kwata tare da cikinsu yake saran Pine, wadda take kaiwa ga ci gaban wetland shrubs, shiga ta Birch. Sphagnum gansakuka ne a hankali maye gurbin brievymi.

A sakamakon gobara, wanda sau da yawa faruwa a lokaci na fari, da ciyayi burnout faruwa. A wadannan shafukan da fadama surface an rufe tare da manyan adadin ash, wanda halitta a ajiye na ma'adinai na gina jiki. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a wuri na fara gobara yalwa girma auduga ciyawa, andromeda, blueberry, daji Rosemary kuma Birch bayyana.

Draining swamps gudanar da su peat, m amfani, gandun daji namo, da sauransu. D. Wannan rage matakin da subsoil ruwa, samar da oxidative matakai da mineralization kwayoyin abubuwa. Duk da wannan take kaiwa zuwa wani raguwa a peat adibas, widening na Birch. Cranberries da cloudberries aka hankali maye gurbinsu da auduga ciyawa, da kuma sphagnum gansakuka - gandun daji.

Kowane mutum tasiri a kan fadama take kaiwa zuwa wani canji a cikin al'ada aiki na dukan mai faɗi, kuma ƙarshe zuwa wani take hakkin da muhalli balance a yanayi.