Rodanid potassium - abu ne mai guba da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ilimin sunadarai

Rodanid potassium (bisa ga tsarin zamani na IUPAC - potassium thiocyanate) - lu'ulu'u ne wadanda basu da launi da ƙanshi; A cikin jihar da aka watsar da wuri sun saya launi mai launi. Abun yana da dandano mai zafi, mai guba. Kamfanin rodanide na potassium ya rushe da yawa a cikin hanyoyi masu yawa, irin su ruwa, amyl barasa da ethanol.

Karɓar

An samo abu ne kawai kawai, an cire shi daga asali na halitta (jini da mutum) - mai kima. Domin synthesize potassium thiocyanate, shi wajibi ne don Mix mafita na ammonium thiocyanate da potassium hydroxide (maras muhimmanci sunan - caustic potassium).

An sami kwarewa a ƙarƙashin tursasawa, saboda ammonia sake saki zai iya haifar da konewar sinadarai da guba; Bayan haka, an cire bayani mai tsabta kuma an kwashe sauran don samun lu'ulu'u na abun da ake so. Lokacin da aka sakin samfurin zuwa kashi saba'in da dari kuma mai cikakken samfurin ammonium thiocyanate, wannan hanya tana da matukar tasiri.

Wata hanya ne sulfur alloyed da potassium cyanide, amma irin wannan tsari da shiri na potassium thiocyanate ne quite m saboda high yawan guba na cyanide.

Aikace-aikacen

Potassium thiocyanate, da kayan da kuma maganin da daban-daban a cikin masana'antu da dama masana'antu ana amfani. Alal misali:

• Gidan masana'antu.
• Hoton fim.
• Organic kira.
• Masana kimiyya.

Yankunan amfani

1. A cikin masana'antu. Ana amfani da bayani na thiocyanate na potassium don gyaran yadudduka, misali - siliki, a lokacin zane da kuma sarrafawa don adana kayan asali na kayan.
2. A cikin kwayoyin kira. Wasu kwayoyin halitta, irin su thiourea, roba mustard man da daban-daban dyes, suna hada daga potassium thiocyanate. Har ila yau, tare da taimakonsa, ana samun wasu thiocyanates, misali, jan karfe thiocyanate-2.
3. A cikin ilimin sunadarai, an yi amfani da bayani na potassium thiocyanate don ƙayyade cations na ƙarfe ƙarfe a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Misali misalin shine maganin da ake amfani da potassium thiocyanate da baƙin ƙarfe-3 chloride, wanda ake kira "jini daga ruwa", inda aka kafa sinadarin jan hexacyanoferrate 3 na potassium; Sunan maras muhimmanci shine gishiri gishiri. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da thiocyanates don raba rassan samfurori kamar thorium da lanthanum. Kamfanin rodanide potassium da ferric chloride sun taimaka wajen samun sinadarin artificial don yin fim, amma wannan hanya ta shiga cikin bango saboda gabatar da na'urorin kwamfuta a cikin fina-finai na fim.
4. A cikin noma, ana samun kwari mai karfi daga mafitacin thiocyanates. Akwai halayen yiwuwar guda biyu:

• Na farko shine samun thiocyan gas ta hanyar cire potassium daga gishiri; Rodan yana da iska mai hatsarin gaske ga dukkan rayayyun halittu kuma ba a yi amfani dashi ba.
• Na biyu shine rushe potassium thiocyanate, tarin cyanobic acid da aka yalwata a lokacin hydrolysis, da kuma oxidation daga cikin kayan da aka samu ga cyanogen. Cyan ba karamin guba ba, amma gas mai yawa idan aka kwatanta da sirinji, sabili da haka ana amfani da ita azaman kwari.

Rashin potassium rodanide abu ne mai guba wanda likitoci na kwayoyi shine kimanin 0.9 grams na abu da kilogram na jiki lokacin da aka gudanar da magana.

Availability

Za'a iya sayan Rodanid potassium a kowane kantin sayar da sinadarai, amma a cikin kananan ƙananan saboda mummunan haɗari. Farashin farashin mai haɗin gwal yana da ɗari huɗu rubles a kowace kilogram, ana sayarwa mafi yawanci a kilo biyu a daya hannun.

Tsaro

Saboda ta mai guba, potassium dole ne a adana potassium thiocyanate a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman don bukatun kariya lokacin amfani da abubuwa masu guba:

1. Kira da mafita na potassium thiocyanate an haramta su a dauki su, kuma mafita tare da babban taro na ainihin abu akan fata basu da kyau.
2. Duk da cewa cewa miyagun ƙwayoyi ne mai guba kawai idan aka yi amfani da magana, yana da mahimmanci don aiki tare da abu a cikin safofin sulba da kuma lab coat, kamar yadda tare da dukan sunadarai reagents na ainihi bukatun bukatun.
3. Dole ne ku ware abu daga yara da mutanen da ba su da masaniya ga masu aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, tun da yake wannan zai iya haifar da mummunar haɗari tare da asarar masu haɓaka, aikace-aikacen da ba daidai ba kuma mutuwar mutuwa.
4. Tun da yake abu bai kasance da flammable kuma yana da kyau a cikin iska, zaka iya yin ba tare da adana abu a cikin duhu ba. Gidan ɗaki. Ka guji matsanancin zafi da hasken rana kai tsaye, kamar yadda mai haɗuwa zai iya ciwo saboda rashin haɓaka a cikin kayan. Har ila yau bisa ga misali na NFPA 704, wadannan alamomi suna kan alamar nuna cewa: 3 0 0 W, inda 3 (blue diamond) - mai guba, 0 (ja da rawaya) - flammability da reactivity, da kuma W - alama don hulɗa da ruwa, tare da Wanne ne sakin kwayar thiocyanic mai guba.

Kuma ku tuna, gwaje-gwaje sunadarai masu ban mamaki ne, amma basu taba kula da fasahohin lafiya ba!