Sich Riflemen tarihi. The yaƙi da cin nasara a kan dutsen riflemen Makivka

Daya daga cikin jaruntakar shafukan da Ukraine rike wannan warriors kamar yadda Sich Riflemen - da tarihi ya san su kamar yadda mai kyau da sojoji. Wadannan sojoji sun izuwa masu biyayya ga kasarsa, da kuma ko da a cikin mafi wuya lokaci, da suka ci gaba don yin yaki domin ta. A cikin labarin da tarihi na Tuli za a yi la'akari, kazalika da yawa ban sha'awa facts, kamar sanannen nasarar riflemen a kan tudun Makivka.

Ta yaya Sich Riflemen?

A farko ambaci riflemen nema a mayar da 1911 shekara. Sai a wannan lokaci a cikin wasu Bagalike tsẽrẽwa da ra'ayin samar da wani kwantar da tarzoma kungiyar matasa daga Galicia (sai sarrafawa da Austria). A fuskar kara dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasar Austria da kuma Rasha Empire da ra'ayin fara samar rayayye. By karfi na hali na farko da irin wannan shiri wanzu a asirce a makarantu ko jami'o'i. A kadan daga baya, da ra'ayin yaki da Rasha tsince da ƙungiyoyi kamar "Sokol", "Plast" da "Sich".

The hukuma ranar haihuwa riflemen iya kiran Maris 18, 1913. A wannan rana K.Trilevsky samu cewa da farko kungiyar "Sich Riflemen" da aka amince a hukuma matakin. A kadan daga baya, guda kungiyoyi da aka shirya tare da cinikayya "Falcon", kazalika a birnin Lviv. Amma, kamar yadda daya zai sa ran, proactive Ukrainians halarci ga Austria gwamnati, wanda ya kasance rayayye hana ci gaban ideas, da karin cewa matasa a sansanin da aka horar da su yi amfani da makamai da sauran soja aikinsu. Shi ba a san abin da zai yi, amma nan da nan m yakin duniya na farko. Bayan da aka kashe Franz Ferdinand, da farko fada ya barke, da Ukrainian jam'iyyar tare da kafa "The main Ukrainian Council," shi aka kuma yanke shawarar a kan yardar na Ukrainian fama majalisa, wanda za a umarce Tuli Sich Riflemen.

Saka hannu Tuli riflemen a yakin duniya I.

Quite zarar an sanar da dace bayyananna, a cikin abin da Majalisar kira ga matasa da su shiga cikin legion kuma ku yi yãƙi a gefen da Triple Alliance. Wannan ra'ayin da aka goyan bayan wani sosai aiki, ba wai kawai matasa, amma kuma mafi balagagge mutane. Saboda da ambaliya na sa kai daukar ma'aikata cibiyoyin aka located a gundumar garuruwa, sa'an nan da masu sa kai da aka barin a Lviv, da kuma birnin da aka tsĩrar - koma a Stryi.

A farko matsaloli

Duk da haka, a wajen samuwar da Tuli ya fadi a cikin wasu manyan matsaloli. A mafi tsanani shi ne rashin kudi ga tabbatarwa da dakarun, kazalika da gogaggen soja malamai. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin har yanzu ba ya so ya haifar da wani Ukrainian soja naúrar.

Amma matsalar da aka warware - da kudi ga kayan aiki, makamai da kuma goyon baya na Tuli tattara ta mutane a duk faɗin Galicia, gwamnatin aika zuwa Sich shooters 20 dattawa, wanda ya zama malamai. Amma a mayar da martani ga Tuli maimakon data kasance 10 dubu mutane su zauna dukan 2000. Don kara raunana soja, dauke da makamai da makamansu cire daga samarwa, Kotra ya ƙare (bindigogi Werndly tsarin), kuma ba su bai wa soja harsasai da kuma kayan. Don da Tuli iya zama, da jagoranci ya ba da wani bai'a ga Austro-Hungarian Empire, bayan da yawan raka'a karu zuwa 2500 mutane, aka ba sabon bindiga - Mauser, kazalika da tufafi da takalma. Satumba 3, 1914 Sich Riflemen aka rantsar da shi a Austria-Hungary, da kuma bayan 'yan sa'o'i - da kuma Ukraine, don' yanci wanda suka rantse yãƙi zuwa karshen.

Tun da Austria sojojin ya mika Lions, da kuma Rasha, sojoji sun riga na Shefela da Carpathians, a kan Sich Riflemen tuno nan da nan. A 25 ga watan Satumba, da yaƙi a kusa da kauyen na Sianky kungiyar na maharba a karkashin umurnin OG Semenyuk nasarar fama da Kuban Cossacks, yayin da ko da shan Cossack doki da mai yawa na makamai. Amma, daga baya, Rasha ta fara karya ta tsaro a Syanok. Biyu biyu na mutum ɗari V. Didushka, somestno da Austrians, ya ci manyan bindigogi baturi, game da shi tsayawa m. Duk da haka, nasara riflemen bai ba sakamakon - wannan rana Sianky da aka dauka, da kuma daruruwan sha wahala asarar - 5 kashe da dama kama.

Warsaw aiki

Wani episode, wanda ya samu halartar Sich Riflemen - fada kusa da Warsaw a cikin wannan shekara ta 1914, a lokacin da Rasha sojojin tattara, dõmin wata nasara. A sakamakon wadannan fadace-fadace da aka a saki Przemysl da kuma yawan ƙauyuka. A cikin wadannan fadace-fadace da suka sashi a rukuni na riflemen daga hali na Janar Hoffmann, wanda tako a kan Stryj. Maharba fice a wannan yaƙi, saboda sun kasance sahun gaba wajen inganta Austria sojojin.

Bayan wadannan fadace-fadace umurnin kaddamar da yaki a cikin Carpathians, wanda aka za'ayi da Jamus da kuma Austriya sojojin. A lokacin da yãƙi, sojojin Rasha suka tattara daga duwãtsu, kuma Austrians shagaltar da wani ɓangare na Galicia. Sich Riflemen nuna misalai na ƙarfin hali da kuma heroism, ba don kawai ta tserar da halin da ake ciki ya zama alama m. Daya daga cikin daraja aukuwa na Bagalike yaƙin neman zaɓe ya yaƙi domin Dutsen Makivka maharba.

Sich Riflemen a kan Dutsen Makivka

Wannan dutsen ne wani muhimmin matsayi na Austria sojojin a kan gaban yamma. Sojojin Rasha Afrilu 28, 1915 ya fara ta m hari, abin da ke haifar da dutsen da aka watsi. Sich Riflemen, wanda aka ajiye a kan jiran aiki, nan da nan ya samu aiki - share da makiya daga duwãtsu. Su tãyar da dare da kuma zama wani ɓangare na 5 daruruwan aika zuwa wani counterattack. An hour daga baya, saman da aka riga aiki, da kuma Rasha Voicu koro zuwa kogin. Bayan wannan ɓangare na daruruwan ya koma da matsayi, da kuma biyu daga cikinsu dug a kan saman, shan tsaron gida. 29 ga watan Afrilu suka fara da tsananin sauti hari maharba matsayi. A farko yunkurin da makiya mamaye dutsen aka tsaya. May 1, tare da taimakon Rasha bindigogi sun shagaltar da dama flank da kuma fasa wani Royal raka'a a saman. Duk da haka, da maharba, wanda suka tattara zuwa da matsayi, sun riƙi wani hari somestno da Austrians. Kuma sake dauki tudun.

Fada for poppyhead dade ci gaba for 60 days. A wannan lokacin, shi ya zama gaske da muhimmanci tsaro batu na Kudancin Army, a matsayin Rasha rufe for sauki damar zuwa Hungarian bayyana. Ta tsaro da aka muhimmanci, a matsayin Rasha rasa damar kayar da Kudancin sojojin. Bugu da kari, da nasara a kan dutsen riflemen Makivka kuma bayar da wata damar kara karya matsayin da Rasha sojojin, wadda suka gudu daga Galicia.

A cikin wadannan fadace-fadace, Tuli asarar sun musamman m - game da 50 sun mutu, 76 rauni da dama dozin da sojojin suka dauka fursuna. Duk da haka, wurin sãmun babban rabonsu ya ba su tafi ba a gane shi. Umurnin da kungiyar soja ganin darajarsa da ƙarfin hali na Ukrainians da kuma gaishe su. The yaƙi a kan dutsen riflemen Makivka ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na m, a Galicia.

Bugu da ari hannu a yakin duniya na farko

Daga cikin abin tunawa fadace-fadace a cikin abin da ya halarci Sich Riflemen, da labarin Highlights da yaƙi a kan Dutsen Lysonya, Brusilov laifi, tsaron gida Potutor. A yãƙi a Lysone muhimmanci musamman, kamar yadda m mataki maharba ajiye kusan dukkan Kudu Austria sojojin daga encirclement da kuma shan kashi.

A 1917, da Tuli jiran farin ciki lokaci - shi aka ƙara zuwa regimental size. A sabon kwamandan na naúra zama VF Kikal. Polk nan da nan canjawa wuri a Bershad, amma a yaƙi ya bai shiga, kamar yadda wannan bangare na gaban da aka barga. 27 Fabrairu fara a Rasha Fabrairu juyin juya hali, wanda ya girgiza da ikon, amma yaki ne har yanzu kulla. A lokacin fadan, wanda ya fara a watan Yuni, da Tuli aka kama a tarko da kuma kama. A wannan batu daga zauna 444 jirgin saman soja da kuma 9 sanda. Daga bisani, da Tuli sake sauya, da kuma wani sabon abun da ke ciki ya kai karshen fadan a kan Zbruch kogin. A labarin riflemen a yakin duniya na ƙare.

A lokacin juyin juya halin da kuma 'yancin kai na UPR

Bayan da Bolsheviks kwace mulki a Rasha, obrazovala m Ukrainian jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar. Sich Riflemen a lokacin da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru yin tafiye-tafiye a cikin Dnieper Ukraine, kamar yadda yakan taimaka wa matasa jamhuriyar a cikin yaƙi da Bolsheviks. Wannan an amince da Austria jagorancin UNR. Sa'an nan suka halarci a cikin danniya na yunkuri a cikin Kherson yankin, da kuma sun iya warware matsalar ba tare da wata guda harbi. Hukumomi ba na son shi, don haka da cewa legion aka canjawa wuri zuwa Bukovina, inda ya aka sanya shi kafin rushewar da Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Sa na karshe yaki dauki legion a lokacin da tsaro na Lvov, inda a yammacin kasar da aka kai hari da Polish sojojin. Bayan da cewa Ukrainian nalik Army ya rasofrmirovana kuma warwatse legion na sauran raka'a. Wannan shi ne karshen daya daga cikin shahararrun Ukrainian soja raka'a.

A abun da ke ciki na da Tuli na USS

Lokacin da naúrar ne kawai farkon su tarihi na soji, shi ya kasu kashi biyu da rabi, shan taba, wanda ya kai ga shan taba. Kuren ne zuwa kashi daruruwan, wanda ya 4. A kowane mutum ɗari, a kan wannan manufa, akwai 4 biyu (mutanena su ka), kuma a cikin kowane biyu - 4 Reuven (sashen) na 10-15 mutane. Kowane mutum ɗari, daga ƙarshe ta ƙunshi 100-150 mutane.

Bugu da kari, da Tuli ya na musamman raka'a. Daga cikin su akwai - kamar yadda a na biyu - sojan doki, aikin injiniya da kuma na'ura-gun ɗari. The sojojin doki da aka sani kawai 4 112 mutane da kuma dattawa. Machine-gun rundujar soja masu dawaki da 4 inji bindigogi Shvartsloze tsarin hõre su, shugabannin sojojinka da daruruwan m. A aikin injiniya da ɗari suka 4 biyu. Akwai kuma wani likita sabis, Office, quartermaster sabis, kazalika da sassan da alhakin daukar ma'aikata, da horo da kuma rarraba sabon recruits, jirgin kasa da kuma filin kitchen. Har ila yau, Tuli tsaye daga cikin kashi cewa an dauke da makamai nauyi da makamai - rokoki, gurnati launchers da flamethrowers. Its aiki ya m tsaron gida matsayi da kuma goyon bayan da maharan.

The darajar da ba

Yanzu cewa Ukraine - wani zaman kanta a jihar, Sich Riflemen - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin daraja shafukan da memory na baya. A tarihi sharuddan da Tuli Sich Riflemen javjaletsja musamman fama naúrar tun lokacin da aka kafa kawai daga Ukrainians, da kuma sanin irin hali na Austria hukumomi da m rare tawaye, ko kabilanci, ta halitta, kazalika da fairly nasara amfani da fama za a iya daukan m. M da heroism nuna ta Sich Riflemen. Mountain Makivka - hujja.