Shuke-shuke da dabbobi masu kududdufai. Animals freshwaters

A fauna daga ruwa jikuna a cikin mazauninsu ne zuwa kashi biyu main kungiyoyin. A farko - a zooplankton, da kuma na biyu - da benthos. Zooplankton zaune tsaye a cikin ruwa shafi da kuma benthos bautar kasa. Raba kungiyoyin samar da kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a cikin wadanda ko wasu abubuwa, kura idon shuke-shuke, kazalika da kifi. Saboda haka, shuke-shuke da dabbobi masu kududdufai - abin da suke?

shuke-shuke

Sun shagaltar da cikkaken cikin ruwa yanayi. A tabkuna da kõguna, tafkunan da kõguna girma da kuma haihuwa a fadi da dama wakilai daga duniya na Flora. A kan miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta suke daidai saba da muhalli da yanayi a kududdufai. Wasu daga cikin su suna gaba daya kura idon cikin ruwa, yayin da wasu girma a kan ta m surface. Wasu daga cikinsu ma rayuwa a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin ruwa, ƙasa kuma iska. Mun gaya muku game da shahararrun daga gare su.

Air fadama

Yana Forms manyan thickets a cikin kududdufi ruwa. Its ganye da iko da kuma xiphoid form. Iya kai tsawo har zuwa mita 1.5. A calamus yana da dogon rhizome, an rufe shi da burbushi na matattu ganye. Wadannan rhizomes - da magani daga wasu cututtuka. Amfani da shi a dafa (kayan yaji), da kuma a cikin kayan shafawa.

bulrush

Wannan inji mayar da hankali a kan wetland gaba. Its rarrafe rhizome, kuma yana da m ciki. M kara cylindrical siffar yakan zuwa tsawo na 2 mita. Ya lashe halayyar ruwan kasa Cones tattara a cikin wani whisk. Short da m ganye suna shirya a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na kara bulrush. Thickets wannan shuka ne, wani lokacin m bango kewaya kandami, gabatar da mazaunan m tsari.

ruwa Lily

Wannan inji aka wuya gani a cikin qoramu ruwaye. Mafi yawa shi ke tsiro a Marshes, tafkunan, oxbows da backwaters. Ya iko rhizome yana da karfi adventitious tushen da kuma ganye ne m, a zaune a kan dogon petioles, iyo a kan ruwa. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau ruwa Lily shuka aka dauke su snow-fari. Wannan ta kishin da yawa shayari kuma Legends.

Its yanayin kasa

An sani cewa rayuwa yanayi a daban-daban na kududdufai ne ma daban-daban. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa nau'in abun da ke ciki na dabbobi da cewa rayuwa a cikin suna gudãna ruwa, da yawa daban-daban daga cikin dabba duniya, yana zaune ne kawai a m ruwa. A wannan labarin, za mu, ba shakka, ba zai iya bayyana bambancin da fauna, duk da haka, lura da babban rukuni na dabbobi inhabiting wadannan ruwa a jikinsu.

zooplankton

Wadannan su ne mafi mashahuri dabbobi da suke zaune a ruwa a jikinsu. Kalmar "zooplankton" kira protozoa: ciliates, amoeba, flagellates, rhizomes. Suna aiki ne kamar abinci ga matasa kifi da kuma wasu kananan cikin ruwa dabbobi. Wadannan kwayoyin suna kananan isa a size, su ba za a iya gani da ido adam, tun da shi na bukatar wani hange. Ka yi la'akari da misalin na amoeba.

amoeba Proteus

Wannan kafa da aka sani ga kowane mutum wanda ya kai makaranta shekaru. Amoeba - wannan dabba kududdufai (photo a cikin labarin), shi ne imani unicellular loners. Nemo wadannan halittu na iya zama kusan ko ina inda akwai ruwa da kuma barbashi cewa su dace da abinci: kwayoyin cuta, kankanin dangi, da matattu kwayoyin halitta.

Amoeba, ko rhizomes, - kasancewa picky. Suna zaune a tabkuna da kuma tekuna, rarrafe a kan ruwa shuke-shuke. Wani lokaci su dauka zama a cikin hanjinsu na vertabrate. Amoebas ne, kuma su kasashen waje dangi. Wannan ake kira foraminifera. Sun zauna na musamman marine ruwa.

cladocerans

Zooplankton tsaye ruwa zai fi dacewa ya ƙunshi da ake kira cladocerans. Wadannan halittu duba kamar haka. Su taqaitaccen jiki a kewaye a cikin wani harsashi kunsha na biyu bawuloli. Su kai an rufe tare da saman harsashi ga wanda aka a haɗe nau'i biyu daga na musamman antennae. Rear antennae daga wadannan crustaceans suna da raya da kuma zama fins.

Kowane eriya ne zuwa kashi biyu rassan da lokacin farin ciki feathery bristles. Kuma sunã bautã wa ƙara da surface na iyo a jikinsu. Jikinsu yana located a karkashin makamai zuwa 6 da nau'i-nau'i na yin iyo kafafu. Branched crustaceans - hankula dabba kududdufai, da girma ba wuce 5 millimeters. Wadannan mutane - wani muhimmanci na da yanayin kasa da tafki, domin lalle ne su abinci ga matasa kifi. Saboda haka, bari mu kifi.

Pike

Pike da kuma wadanda suka kamu da (na kifi da cewa shi ci) - suna dabbobi ruwa tare. Wannan shi ne wani hali predator, tartsatsi a cikin kasar. Kamar sauran kwayoyin, Pike a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba ci daban. Su soya kawai hatched daga qwai, rayuwa kai tsaye a cikin shallows, a cikin m coves. Yana da wadannan ruwayen ne mai arziki a cikin su yanayin kasa.

Ga Pike toya fara ciyar da maida wadanda mafi crustaceans da protozoa, wanda muka tattauna a sama. A makonni biyu da toya matsawa a kan kwari larvae, leeches da tsutsotsi. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi masu Wuraren da kasar mu a yankuna daban-daban ne daban-daban. Wannan da muka ce da gaskiyar cewa ba haka ba da dadewa, ichthyologists sun gano wani ban sha'awa alama: schuryat zaune a tsakiyar Rasha, tun da shekaru biyu da watanni ba su son zuwa matasa perch da roach.

Tun wannan lokacin, rage cin abinci na matasa Pike fara girma kula. Ta farin ciki ci tadpoles, frogs, babban kifi (wani lokacin ya fi girma fiye da kanka sau biyu!) Kuma ko da kananan tsuntsaye. Wani lokaci Pike cannibals: suka ci abõkansu. Ya kamata a lura cewa kifi da kuma zooplankton - ba ne kawai dabbobi da suke zaune a ruwa a jikinsu. Dubi fiye na da mazaunanta.

Spider-jauhari

Na biyu sunan - da ruwa gizo-gizo. Yana da na kowa cikin Turai arachnid dabba, daban-daban daga cikin 'yan'uwansa, yin iyo setae a kan Hind kafafu da kuma uku fika a gare su. Sunansa da ya aikata domin ya ciki karkashin ruwa fitilu azurfa haske. Spider ba nutse saboda na musamman da ruwa-m abubuwa. Yana za a iya samu a m ko jinkirin-gudãna ruwa.

Yana ciyarwa a kan gizogizo silverfish iri-iri na kananan dabbobi, wanda ake sarƙafewa a cikin zaren ta karkashin ruwa webs. Wani lokaci sai ya kama su ganima. Idan ya juya ga kama fiye da yadda ya saba, ya hankali Mans ragi a karkashin ruwa gidaje. Af, shi ya sa shurinta gizogizo, thread attaching to karkashin ruwa abubuwa. Shi ne bude downwardly, ruwa gizo-gizo ya cika shi da iska, yin haka da ake kira ruwa-kararrawa.

kowa kandami katantanwa

Animals cewa rayuwa a cikin ruwa, a da yawa hanyoyi sani a gare mu ta hanyar da makaranta littafi na ilmin dabbobi. Wannan na kowa kandami katantanwa ba wani togiya. Wadannan fi girma katantanwa ne mollusks huhu. Suna zaune a duk faɗin Turai, Asia, Arewacin Amirka da kuma nahiyar Afrika. A Rasha, da most jinsuna na rayuwa mafi mollusks. Girma na cochlea - darajar m, saboda shi ne gaba ɗaya dogara a kan wanzuwar wani yanayi.

Ya "gidan" - a daya-yanki nutse tare da guda rami a kasa. Matsayin mai mulkin, ta twirled a karkace daga 5-7 jũya kuma kara zuwa ƙasa. Ciki da harsashi ne a fleshy jiki slimy. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci shi protrudes m, forming wani shugaban a saman da kuma fadi da kuma lebur feet a kasa. Tare da wannan kafar kandami katantanwa nunin faifai a kan shuke-shuke da kuma karkashin ruwa abubuwa son Ski.

Ba mu da gangan ya lura cewa kowa kandami katantanwa kasance a cikin huhu mollusks. Cewa wadannan dabbobi ruwa tare numfashi na yanayi iska, kamar yadda muna tãre da ku. Truncatula, ta hanyar da "ƙafafunsa" sanda da underside na ruwa diapers bayyana ta numfashi rami, daukana up a cikin iska. A'a, ba su da haske, karkashin fata da suke da wata da ake kira na huhu kogo. Yana da yake a cikinsa aka adana da kuma cinye ga iska.

Kwãɗi, da toads

Animal kududdufai ba iyakance ga kananan kwayoyin halitta, katantanwa da sauran kananan halittu sun tãlikai. Tare da kifi a cikin tabkuna da tafkunan za a iya gani da kuma halittar dabba mai kafafuwa - kwãɗi, da toads. Su tadpoles kusan duk lokacin rani da iyo a cikin tafkunan da sabo ruwa. A spring amphibian gamsu "kide": suke yin amfani da jikunansu a resonators bawling da dukan unguwarku, kwanciya qwai a ruwa.

abubuwa masu rarrafe

Idan muka magana game da abin da irin dabbobi ne Wuraren da dabbobi masu rarrafe, bãbu shakka a cikinsa, za mu iya lura da talakawa maciji. Dukan ransa ne kai tsaye da alaka da search for abinci. Ya ke farauta ita frogs. Ga wani mutum, waɗannan macizai ba matsayi wata cũta. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa jahilan mutane kashe macizai, mistaking su ga macizai masu zafin dafi. Saboda wannan, da dama daga cikin wadannan dabbobi ne markedly rage. Wani na cikin ruwa dabbobi masu rarrafe - shi ne, misali, ja-eared sliders. Yana da aka ta terrariums dauke da Amateur naturalists.

tsuntsãye

Shuke-shuke da dabbobi masu kududdufai sun fi mayar da juna tare da juna, domin na farko kare na biyu! Wannan ne musamman a fili gani a game da tsuntsãye. The hali na tsuntsaye zuwa ruwa gawarwakin ne sun fi mayar saboda mafi girma abinci damar wadannan wurare, kazalika da kyau kwarai kariya yanayi (kyauro, kuma sedges tsuntsaye suka yi ganuwa). The girma na wadannan dabbobi dogara ne a kan anseriformes (geese, ducks, Swans) passerine, copepods, pogankoobraznyh, Ciconiiformes charadriiformes da tsuntsãye.

dabbobi masu shayarwa

Ina yi ba tare da su! Wakilai daga wannan aji na dabbobi sun kama sama da dukan mazaunan duniya, yada duk inda zai yiwu, kuma a cikin iska (jemagu) a cikin ruwa (Whales, da dabbobin ruwa) a ƙasa (damisa, giwaye, rakumin dawa, da karnuka, Cats), karkashin kasa (shrews , moles). Duk da wannan, dabba mai shayarwa, da suka shafi sabo ne da kuma tsaye ruwa a kan ƙasa na kasar mu ne ba kamar yadda da yawa.

Wasu daga cikin su ciyar kusan duk rayuwarsa a ruwa jikinsu ba tare da barin su guda mataki (muskrat, weasel, Otter, muskrat, dabbar beaver), yayin da wasu ba sa so su zauna a cikin ruwa, da kuma gaba da shi (ruwan voles). A irin dabbobi tsakanin da yatsun kafa suna da raya iyo membrane, kuma a cikin kunnuwansu, kuma kafafen hancinsa ne na musamman bawuloli, toshe wadannan m rami a dabba ta submersion.