Shock absorbers - me ke cewa a cikin mota? Ka'idar aiki da kuma halaye na buga absorbers

A halin yanzu bayanai shekaru da kuma mota kowa ya sani cewa ergonomics na na'ura da aka fi mayar da m da tura absorbers. Yana da wani makawa ɓangare na dakatar da zamani mota. Yadda iya gasa a cikin mota kasuwar daban-daban masana'antun na buga absorbers? Reviews masu motoci da wasu har, gani wannan sabon abu. Bayan duk, hoton da wannan gasar ga mabukaci ne sosai ban sha'awa: American, Jamus, Japan kamfanonin tambaye shi ya sautin. A sakamakon haka, monotube buga absorbers mamaye biyu-bututu.

A takaice a kan zamani buga absorbers kasuwar

Shekara-shekara Rasha Award "Autocomponent shekara" domin sanin mafi nasara brands a kowane category. Alal misali, a shekara ta 2016 daga Rasha jagorancin iri na buga absorbers ya "DEMFI", gabatar da tsayawar da dampers low-karshen jerin "Comfort" inganta ingancin "Premium" da "Drive". Kamfanin na kayayyakin - da gaban da kuma raya buga absorbers Vaz, IZH, Lada, Hyundai Focus2, Renault Logan . Yau "DEMFI" - a kananan kamfanin (shi ma'aikata kasa da 60 mutane), amma high-tech da ilmi-m, da ikon fadada samar da ba ta dace da bukatar.

"Plaza" kuma cancanci yabo buga absorbers UAZ "Hunter" daga St. Petersburg kamfanin. Su ne samuwa a cikin uku versions: "misali", "Sport" da "matsananci". Daga cikin kasashen waje na farko zuwa na hudu wuraren da aka lashe ta da iri Monroe (USA / Belgium), TRW (Jamus), KYB (Japan) da kuma EGT (Lithuania) bi da bi.

Yadda za a gane novice mai son, wasu absorbers mafi alhẽri? Bayan duk, duniya ta manyan masana'antun nuna ƙara nagartaccen ci gaban kasa da kasa aji. Alal misali, kawai Monroe a yau zo a kan kasuwar tare da daban-daban brands na "reflex" tura absorbers, "Sensa-track", "oridzhional", "Adventure", "van magnum." Su yanzu mamaye mota kasuwar yau. A alama na high suna na kamfanin Monroe ne cikakken sa na ta buga absorbers, sake kai tsaye a kan taron jama'ar line motoci Ford, Nissan, Renault, Mitsubishi, Volvo, Porsche.

A Jamus mota masana'antu na amfani da yafi m tunkaro. Reviews masu motoci nuna cewa Opel, Mersedes, Audi ya al'ada jin dadin da ZF Group samarwa (wanda ya mallaki brands Sachs, Boge, TRW). The asali tura "Toyota", "Mitsubishi" - ne kayayyakin da Japan kamfanin KYB (iri KAYABA). Duk da haka, wannan alama ne mafi zama mashahuri a cikin New kuma Old World. A halin yanzu, shigo da wadannan jerin A: Oil Premium, gas-mai, Excel-G, gas Gas-A-Just, wasanni matsananci-SR, daidaitacce AGX, kashe-hanya Monomax.

Abin da kona "Hyundai" (Korean kamfanin) ya sanya ta motoci a kan taron jama'ar line? Shi ne ma'ana cewa da wani Korean kamfanin samar da mota aka gyara. Kuma (musamman Korea) karkashin jagorancin biyu iyali kamfanonin. Yana kira da manufacturer na buga absorbers karkashin iri MANDO ta Halla Group. Its shuke-shuke aiki a Korea, India, Turkiya, China, Poland, USA. A lokacin shekara, sanya dubun miliyoyin dampers. Shigar su conveyors MANDO-absorbers "Ford», Peugeot, Nissan, BMW, Suzuki, Renault, Gaz. Yana da muhimmanci cewa zafin da absorbers KIA (wani Korean avtokorporatsii) ma samuwa daga Halla Group kamfanoni.

iri gasar

Gasar tsakanin kera muhimmanci yake cewa shigo brands nasarar tsayayya da gida. A musamman, wasu direbobi fi son Turai motoci Japan. Saboda haka, a cikin ra'ayi na masu motocin, da a halin yanzu high bukatar gazomaslyany tura "Renault", kerarre da Kayaba.

Ya fi son zuwa mafi halin yanzu model na wannan alama, "Kengo", "Mega", "Traffic", "Premium", "Master", "Clio", "Laguna", "Magnum", da dai sauransu Its farashin ne 30% .. fi da kudin na man fetur da na'ura, amma shi ne yafi dacewa a lokacin da tuki a kan m hanyoyi. Saboda haka gazomaslyany tura "Renault" direbobi fi son da mai, mai rahusa.

Lura cewa "Reno" model tsara don matsananci tuki a kan mai kyau ingancin waƙoƙi, ana ɗora Kwatancen da musamman buga absorbers - Kayaba matsananci SR. Bayan kawar da gudun rotations kayyade mafi nauyi a irin kayayyakin, da kuma duka da matsawa da irinta damping. Duk da haka, domin yau da kullum birane zirga-zirga, su ne ba mafi kyau duka, tun suna da babban rigidity kuma ajizai hanyoyi, kamar yadda ka sani, muna bukatar wani softer spring.

Duk da haka, a wannan labarin, ba za mu iyakance zuwa wani bayyani na kasuwar buga. Manufarmu ne fadi - ya bayyana asirin zuwa ga nasara aiki. Kamar yadda aka sanannu, bugu absorbers ne samar da abubuwa na dakatar da, bi da bi, tunanin wani manufa dakatar. Kamar yadda ka sani, wannan abu hidima biyu dalilai:

• Da farko, gama da mota ƙafafun su da jiki. Godiya ta, bayar da zama dole ga cikakken motsi gogayya.
• Abu na biyu, shi kau (garwaya) oscillations faruwa a lokacin motsi.

Depreciation - shi ne ...

Bayan kusa jarrabawa na dakatar abubuwa ya bayyana cewa buga absorber - a damper (quenching oscillations) na'urar. A alfijir na mota masana'antu (XIX - farkon karni XX) ya ce sassa da basu wanzu. A low gudu, da dakatar da farko motoci daidaita da kyau isa kadai marẽmari. Duk da haka, a cikin zamani shekaru na gudun a tsauri dakatar ba kawai yana dauke da ingantattun marẽmari (marẽmari), wanda yanzu sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin bit m - wani na roba kashi. Wannan bai isa ba. Alal misali, la'akari da wani hali idan akwai wani mai mota cin nasara da bumps na hanya.

The aiki na roba memba a bayyane - a kan tasiri da ƙafafun na hanya unevenness shi ya yi laushi da duka. Duk da haka, da zamani abin hawa lokacin da tuki yana da girma sanadin motsi makamashi, da "supernumerary watsi" ga wanda hanya potholes na roba memba ba jimre nan take. Saboda haka, inertia na jiki Yanã bazara da kuma bayan da karo canza. Wannan sigar musamman a ke so sakamako. Bayan duk, zai iya kai wa ga rawa, za a iya kai wa ga mota hatsarori (zaton kimiyyar lissafi da kuma karfi vectors). Wannan ya faru a lokacin da canji na yau da kullum da spring bumps kara zuwa ta gabata oscillation, wanda, alas, ba sõmammu. Avtoinzhenery taso karɓa kira zuwa ga wannan sabon abu da bisa ƙirƙira musamman damping na'urar.

A farkon karni XX a damper (buga absorber) da aka kafa don shirya da vibrations na roba kashi. A ra'ayin aikinsa ya quite sauki da kuma m. Bayan da unevenness da hanya karfi matsawa spring, ta m fadada, kuma daidai da, da oscillation bice musamman na'urar - a buga absorber. Duk da haka, za mu ba mu bi da shi kamar yadda guda yanki abin da na tsare da vibrations, kamar yadda ga manufa hali na motocin a kan hanya kadai damper da na roba kashi bai isa ba.

Ba dampers uniform

Aka ambata a sama lamba dampers - ne na musamman abubuwa don adana matsakaicin yiwu a kwance, kuma barga matsayi na dakatar a sarari. Amma ga wata da gaske aiki wanda ake iya yi dakatar bai isa ba. Don kara ta'aziyya daga cikin fasinjoji da direba da abin hawa da aka gani ba, da potholes, kuma a hankali iyo tare da hanya, kana bukatar hadewa aikin buga absorbers da kuma sauran na'urori, irin su:

• Rubber tayoyin da kyau kwarai da tabbatar da ta dace riko.
• ba sawa fitar da marẽmari da kuma dakatar da marẽmari (fãce waɗanda aka ambata riga ayyuka da mu) dole kasance a cikin bayani dalla-dalla yarda da ci gaba da mota a kan wannan matakin.
• ƙarin roba abubuwa (hinges da kuma matsawa buffers), quenching oscillations daga m da karfe sassa da juna;
• shiryar da na'urorin, tabbatas da ake so kwana na juyawa daga cikin ƙafafun.

Duk da haka, a cewa kamar yadda shi may, babban damping na'urar da mota shi ne daidai buga absorbers - batun da bayanin wannan labarin. Tare da su taimako, da jituwa m lamba da ƙafafun da hanya (da na'ura ke idan a haɗe zuwa ga hanya), da kuma, bisa manufa, ya zama zai yiwu a gaske dadi tuki.

Abin da wani buga absorber a cikin nau'i na?

Outwardly, shi ya dubi kamar cylindrical na'urar da ke a haɗe a gefe daya ga mota frame, a kan sauran - ga dakatar. Ciki da fistan motsa damper. Wannan sanda motsi a cikin wani rami cike da gas, da man fetur, ko ruwan birki. Saboda da matsawa fistan man rage-rage ta gudu. Hawa da sauka dakatar damper fistan oscillations m. A rayayye motsi dakatar (wanda shi ne a kan wani m hanya), da mafi juriya da buga absorber farfado. Daban-daban tunkaro samu a lokacin da cikin abin hawa yana tuki a kan wani m hanya, amma kuma vibrations a lokacin braking ko farkon motsi damped (tausasa) buga absorber. A sanadin motsi makamashi na oscillation ne tuba zuwa cikin zãfi, da sakamakon mai a karkashin matsawa fistan. A sakamakon zafi ne dissipated.

amortization tsari

Ta yaya buga absorber lokacin da dabaran ci karo da wani pothole hanya? An matsa, sa fita hit, yayin da ta fistan tana aiki a shagali tare da dakatar da marẽmari. Duk da haka, wannan na'urar ba ya aiki zagayowar iyakar, kamar yadda shi ne ta tsawo, watau. E. The fistan motsa daga cikin buga absorber. Ba tare da shi, da spring dakatar zai yi jefa up jikin mota tare da wannan karfi da ake yi musu guga man tare a wani karo da wani pothole. Duk da haka, yunkuri na hawa buga absorber fistan aiki a kan tsawo kuma hana man fetur.

The zane na buga absorbers

A zahiri, da na'urar lokacin da aiki sabobin tuba da inji vibrations na wani na roba kashi a cikin zãfi. Buga absorber sauyawa, m su hanya ingantaccen amfani - shi ne alhakin. Bayan duk, don kafa wani "sabon abu" nan da nan lura canje-canje a cikin hali na cikin mota. Saboda haka, domin a masani direban da kafofin haya da dama buga absorber. Kuma zuwa zabi, yi imani da ni, akwai yalwa. Avtorynok m cikakken kayayyakin masana'antun mashawarta (iri) da kuma ba. Dole mu ɗaukar hoto na wannan al'amari na sama. Amma da farko, zai zama ma'ana janye hankali daga "mutumin so" manufa da kuma kokarin, "Mai gani ne ga tushen", da cewa shi ne su fahimci muhimman hakkokin bambance-bambance tsakanin daban-daban na buga absorbers (A).

Kuna hukunta da tsarin bambance-bambance, sa'an nan A ne zuwa kashi daya- da biyu-bututu. Idan classified bisa ga irin aiki matsakaici dissipating zafi samar bayan hira da kinematic makamashi, da tura absorbers ne mai, iskar gas-man fetur da kuma iskar gas.

Biyu-bututu kayayyakin

Abin da ake da tura absorbers za a iya bada shawarar ga wani m, da ake kira iyali tuki? In mun gwada m, sauki zane cewa ba zai iya tsayayya da matsananci. A biyu-tube ne mafi inert kuma suna da wani babban taro. Bugu da kari, cikin biyu ƙwanso sanyaya muni. A tasiri na damping biyu-bututu na'urorin dogara da kafuwa. An sani cewa 100% cika ta aiki damper saka daidai perpendicular da dakatar, amma a lokacin da wannan kusurwa ta ƙara zuwa 50 °, sa'an nan ta dace da an rage wa 68%.

The zane na wannan abubuwa ya hada da aiki a flask, ciki wanda aka located a fistan, kuma da matsanancin mahalli, domin adanar da suka wuce haddi man fetur. A cikin shakka daga su aiki zagayowar na fistan wuce da man fetur ta hanyar nasu tashoshi, da kuma Firaministan shi ta hanyar da matsawa bawul kwan fitila dake a kasa. Lokacin da sayen kayayyakin kamata biya musamman da hankali ga mai wanda ba ya tafasa a zazzabi kasa 150 ° C. A lokaci guda, duk da m farashin, ya kamata su ba za a shigar a kan latest ƙarni na motoci.

monotube buga absorbers

Wannan zane yana da dalilin zamani A. Irin wannan buga absorber kunshi guda kwan fitila, da kuma a lokaci guda aiki ne a matsayin wani aiki iya aiki ga fistan da gidaje. Yana iya zama wani na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa (mai) ko hydropneumatic (gazomaslyanoy). A karshen gyara ne ma ake magana a kai a matsayin hade. A manufa na aiki na man fetur ne quite sauki. Akwai aiki Silinda cike da man fetur (na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ruwa). Yana motsa fistan da musamman calibrated bawuloli, mafi daidai da su tsarin da ciwon da halaye musamman aka kera don wani musamman dakatar da abin hawa.

Dynamic aiki na irin wannan dakatar ne kamar haka:

• Lokacin da bawuloli aka rufe, na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ruwa wuce kawai kewaye fistan tashar. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorber halayyar to, ya zama m.
• Idan bawuloli aka buɗe, dab da diyya jam'iyya A, ta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da halayyar zama softer.

Kuma ga serviceability na buga absorber bawul, da ke aiki a matsawa, dole wuce more na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ruwa fiye da wani rajistan shiga bawul wanda aka jawo a kan irinta. Saboda haka, a lokacin da duk bawuloli bude damping fistan rage-rage.

hada buga absorbers

A hydropneumatic (gazomaslyanyh) maimakon iska dampers amfani da matsa gas a matsa lamba na 4-20 atmospheres. Ya motoci kira a kansu hanya - "gas overpressure." Cikinsa da gas matsa lamba - ba a whim, a matsayin wata hanya don rage aeration (hadawa iska da man fetur) da kuma ƙarin na roba dakatar kashi. A daya-bututu Kuma ba m matsawa bawul. Fistan gaba daya iko da juriya duka a matsawa kuma a irinta. Sun iya saukar da fiye da man fetur fiye da a biyu-bututu na wannan size, wanda ke nufin cewa tare da su taimako, mafi kyau achievable damping.

Gudanar da Magnetic dampers

Manyan masana'antun na buga absorbers quite asali ƙoƙari su warware fasaha matsalar adjustability irin wannan na'urorin. American-Belgium kamfanin Monroe samar a kan ganuwar da aiki Silinda guda-bututu A musamman tsari GROOVES amfani da su daidaita ga wani shiru ko aiki tuki. A Japan kamfanin KYA a cikin kasa daga cikin guda bututu tare da m tafki A, bypassing da fistan saka raba iko bawul. A Jamus kamfanin ZF halitta a controllable buga absorber "Opel-Astra", ta yin amfani da wani biyu-tube gas-mai-kora zane. Biyu solenoid bawuloli a kasa na buga absorber da fistan aka kayyade ta musamman processor, tracking sigogi ƙafafun, tuƙi, dakatar.

Ko da more alkawarin wani sabon, da ake kira Magnetic tura "Ford", ya kafa a bara ta model Ford Corvette. Wannan shi ne hadin gwiwa m cin automaker da kuma hukumomi Delphi. Kamar yadda amfani a cikinta, maimakon man fetur magnetorheological ruwa iya wani high mita (har zuwa 1000 sau da na biyu) ya canza ta da danko a karkashin tasirin wani electromagnetic filin. A lokacin da wannan ka'ida ba a da ake amfani, bawul din tsarin: da damping aka samar na musamman a kudi na magnetorheological sakamako. Wannan zane ne sosai alamar: babu bukatar su ƙetare cakosoban, Saukake na'urar da A kuma bayyana m fasali domin sa ido da kuma iko da dakatar stiffness.

Darajar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorber da taimako hanya halaye

A dakatar da tsara daban-daban al'amurran da aiki za a dauke. Bayan duk, matalauta ingancin hanya surface kayyade daban-daban halaye na aiki. A daya hannun, maimaita qananan magudi ba da damar A don daidaita. A wannan yanayin, ainihin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa m halayyar. Manyan guda potholes barazana ta da cikakken tilasta matsawa cewa sau da yawa yana sa breakage na buga absorber. A daidai wannan lokaci shi bukaci m na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa halaye na na'urar.

Saboda haka m don ya yi tambaya: "Abin da razana mafi alhẽri - taushi ko wuya?" Hakika, dacewa cikin sharuddan dadewa aiki A ba kawai su softness, amma kuma manageability.

Wani alama - kau da zafi absorber - shi ne mai muhimmanci ga shi ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata. Lalle ne, a fuskar m zafi yanayin tsaye a waje, kuma shi ya kamata a ba. A daya hannun, a cikin hunturu a cikin damper mai thickens kuma ta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da halayyar zama mafi m. A wannan yanayin, ya zama da muhimmanci ga aikin mota da hakkin zabi na man fetur. Shi ne a ke so in yi amfani da ruwa tare da wani babban abun ciki na Additives, saboda karshen suna da dukiya na softening roba. Mafi sau da yawa, masana bayar da shawarar yin amfani da akayi mai GRG-12, AFT. Duk da haka, a cikin sanyi ya kamata a zabi ruwa 75Wt danko. Ga mai hada da silicone, da danko mataki ne m, a wasu raka'a - CPS, wanda shi ne game da 10 sau fi girma fiye da Aminiya.

bincikowa da na tura absorbers

Tun da akwai kome madawwami, batun sa da kuma buga absorbers. Wannan sabon abu ne da direba ya kamata a bincikar lafiya a lokacin. Kamar yadda aka sani, da ta dace sauyawa na rasa ayyuka na buga absorbers dole ne a yi nan da nan a kan ganewa. Bugu da ƙari, mafi tasiri ne hadaddun maye k nau'i-nau'i a kan kowane axis - a gaban kuma a baya. Bayan duk, butulci da ya sa ran bayan da m maye manufa damping buga absorbers.

Duk da haka, wannan shi kadai ne kuma bai isa ba. Yana gane asali abin hawa da na'urorin dukan hadaddun da hannu tare da damping. Bayan al'ada aiki na buga absorbers samuwa a serviceable roba abubuwa (hinges da kuma matsawa buffers), unworn marẽmari kuma leaf marẽmari. Maintenance dukkan waccan mujalla da muka sassa da kuma sunadaren da zai rage load a kan tura absorbers.

Lokacin maye gurbin

Ga direba, akwai na farko ãyõyin a tabarbarewar da tura absorbers. Bari mu kira su:

• kara a braking nesa anta wa tabarbarewar controllability.
• dadi gudun rage ga shigar da juyawa.
• hadari akan rage aquaplaning gudun (riko, idan akwai ruwa a saman kankara).
• A sawa fara samar da sauti a lokacin da shigar da wani abin hawa a nuna ko shawo kan unevenness.

Lokacin da tura hutu

Modern avtokorporatsii sanya mafi kuma ya fi dacewa A privnosyaschy iyakar ta'aziyya ga tafiya. Duk da haka, idan a kan kankare waƙoƙi, suna sa 80 dubu da mafi kilomita, da matalauta ingancin da hanya surface da potholes take kaiwa zuwa unpredictable gazawar da wadannan na'urori da yawa a baya.

Breakdowns faruwa mafi akai-akai a cikin buga absorber lokacin da dabaran da mota da dama a cikin wani pothole. Daya fara zuba man fetur. Daga cikin naushe maras kyau sanda da kuma taushi dampers buga bawul a cikin masallãci. Irin gazawar nufin gazawar na A da kuma bukatar mika wuyansu da sauyawa. Saboda haka, masu motoci zai auna duk da "ribobi" da "fursunoni" buy buga absorbers. Reviews direbobi a lokaci guda, sanya a kan musamman forums kamata ma a yi la'akari.

A iya ganimar da turɓãya da zai bata su. The lafiya barbashi, sau daya a cikin aiki jam'iyya, da barin scratches a kan stock. A sakamakon haka, caul tsagaita za a airtight, sabili da haka mai zuba faruwa. Ko da more m ne guda-tube A tare da waje diyya jam'iyya. Inganta zane damar domin ya fi girma girma na matsa gas da kuma man fetur. A mafi m kyautata a man hanyar zubar daga babban Silinda linzami saka bawul tsarin gudãnar da stiffness na buga absorber. Akwai gyare-gyare na A, cikinsa da matsanancin surface na gwada tube ga ambaliya man fetur.

ƙarshe

Yau aikin mota ne quite sauki a samu dama buga absorbers for your mota. A wannan yanayin, za ka iya amfani da sabis a matsayin na musamman na gargajiya da kuma online store. Domin saukaka abokan ciniki da hakkin zabi shi ne su buga fara online yanar gizo kantin sayar da umarnin da mota model. Bayan wannan sauki magudi da mai saye gani wasu brands da kuma sa shi dace dampers. Idan ya kara tambayar da zabi tsakanin madadin brands, shi zai taimaka wajen samar da wani ra'ayi a kan m reviews masu motoci na musamman forums da kuma dukan ratings.