Shakespeare Theatre "Globe". Daya daga cikin tsofaffin sinimomi na London: Tarihi

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" an dauki daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun ba kawai a cikin UK amma kuma a Turai. Yau ya ba kawai wani sanannen al'adu ma'aikata, inda za ka iya ganin wasanni na shahara gudanarwa da kuma kula da wasan na taurarin duniya gidan wasan kwaikwayo scene, amma kuma shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun gani na London.

prehistory

Yana duk fara da cewa a 1576 na farko jama'a wasan kwaikwayo a London da aka gina a Shoreditch, wanda aka dukkan kawai ake kira "The Theatre". Ya kasance daga James Burbage, wanda aikin kafinta a cikin matasa, amma daga baya ya zama wani actor kuma tattara nasa nagartattu. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo dade har 1597, a lokacin da mai shi daga cikin ƙasar da ta tsaya, ya bukaci da a saki ƙasar, ko biya shi haya ninki biyu. Kuma 'ya'yan da rundunar ma'aikata - Richard kuma Cuthbert - yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon makaman a hayin Thames da kuma hawa da baya ga rafts disassembled katako yi scene - mai katako na wani gungume.

A farko "Globe"

Gina wani sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo dade 2 shekaru. A sakamakon haka, Burbage magada zama masu rabin ginin da kuma kama su da kashi 50 gungumen azaba, a cikin sabon ma'aikata. Ga sauran Securities, suna rarraba da dama suka fi shahara mambobi ne na tsohon kamfanin, daya daga wanda ya actor kuma marubucin na mafi yawan kwaikwaiyo da cewa yin up da sharhin na "Globus" - Uilyam Shekspir.

New Theater dade kawai da shekaru 14, a lokacin da akwai aka premiered kusan duk ayyukan da aka rubuta da babban marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. "Globus" dadin m shahararsa, da kuma daga cikin masu sauraro sau da yawa za gani muhimmanci manyansu da kuma aristocrats. Da zarar, a lokacin da ya play "Henry Sabunta" a kan mataki, shi ne fita daga domin Theatrical igwa, tare da sakamakon cewa kunna da thatched rufin, da katako, da ginin ƙone zuwa ga ƙasa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i. Abin farin, babu daya, sai dai daya kallo suka karbi qananan konewa, ba su cuci, amma wasan kwaikwayo na Shakespeare "Globe", an dauki daya daga cikin shahararrun cibiyoyin na irin a Ingila a wancan lokaci, da aka halaka.

Tarihi 1614 na 1642

Jim kadan bayan da wuta, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka gina a kan wannan tabo sake. Duk da haka, masu bincike ba su da wata yarjejeniya a yau, game da ko don tafiyar da wani sabon shiri da aka Uilyam Shekspir. Kamar yadda marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo Malaman tarihi lura, a wannan lokaci ya na da babban matsaloli tare da kiwon lafiya, da kuma yana yiwuwa ya aka motsi daga cikin kasuwanci. Duk abin da ya, Shakespeare ya mutu a kan Afrilu 23, 1616, yayin da na biyu wasan kwaikwayo tsira har 1642 th. A sa'an nan "Globus" ya rufaffiyar da kuma wargaza ya nagartattu, kamar yadda a Ingila, Civil War fara, da kuma ha] e ya zo ikon yi haramta na wani nisha ayyuka ba dace da Protestant a halin kirki. Bayan shekaru 2 da wasan kwaikwayo da ginin da kuma gaba daya rushe, haka yantar da sarari domin gina gidajen zama Apartment gine-gine. A wannan shiri an yi haka m cewa ba ma bar wani alama na zama na wasan kwaikwayo "Globe".

tono

Birtaniya da aka sani a matsayin kasa inda for baya shekaru 500 ne sosai m zuwa cikin takardun da archives. Saboda haka sosai m cewa har karshen 80s na karshe karni, ba wanda zai iya gaya ainihin wurin da ya shahara Shakespeare wasan kwaikwayo da aka located a cikin 17th karni "Globe". Haske a kan wannan batun zubar da archaeological tono sanya a shekarar 1989 a karkarar parking Anga Terrace, located a kan Park Street. Sa'an nan da masana kimiyya sun iya gane wani ɓangare na tushe da kuma daya daga cikin gãnuwõyi "Duniyoyi". A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, a yankin da kuma a yau ya zama wajibi a ci gaba da neman sabon gidan wasan kwaikwayo hadaddun, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Duk da haka, bincike ne da ba zai yiwu ba, tun da yawan gine-gine da kuma Monuments na da 18th karni, cewa na Birtaniya dokokin ba batun nuna bambanci ba.

Abin da ya ginin gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Shakespeare

The girma na biyu "Globe" ne har yanzu ba a san wasu, amma ya shirya masana kimiyya sun iya mayar da babban daidaito. A musamman, sun kasance iya kafa cewa shi aka gina a matsayin uku-tiered waje amphitheater diamita na 97-102, ƙafãfunmu, wanda za a iya lokaci guda saukar zuwa 3 da miliyan masu kallo. Kamar wancan ne da farko tunanin cewa wannan tsarin ya madauwari, duk da haka, wani ɓangare na kafuwar tono bayyana cewa shi ya yi kama da wani 18- ko 20-hedron kuma yana da akalla daya hasumiya.

Amma ga ciki tsarin "Duniyoyi" cewa mika proscenium kai tsakiyar bude tsakar gida. A mataki da kanta tare da ƙyanƙyashe, inda, idan ya cancanta, daga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da nisa daga 43 feet, a tsawon 27 feet, aka kuma tashe sama da ƙasa zuwa tsawo na kimanin 1.5 m.

masu sauraro kujeru

Suke dashi bayanin irin wasan kwaikwayo "Globe" na nuna cewa wani fairly dadi kwana ga aristocracy aka located tare da bango a farko bene. Sama da wadannan galleries aka gina domin m 'yan ƙasa da kuma poorer amma nagari London da kuma matasa, wanda ya kudi, duba da show zaune a ƙasa, located dama a kan mataki. Na yi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma abin da ake kira rami, wanda bari matalauta da suka kasance iya biya-da-view misali na daya dinari. Sha'awa, wannan category yana mai al'ada na cin a lokacin Theatrical wasanni kwayoyi da kuma lemu, don haka rami na kafuwar "Globe" da aka samu tara na harsashi da wani ɓaɓɓake kuma Citrus tsaba.

Fuka-fuki da wuri domin masu kida

A kan raya ɓangare na rufin aka gina mataki, da goyan bayan m ginshikan. Karkashin shi a nesa a matsayin mutumin da aka located rufi ƙyanƙyashe, fentin girgije, inda, idan ya cancanta, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na iya sauka a kan igiyoyi, da suke nuna alloli ko mala'iku. Akwai ma lokacin da wasanni sun stagehands, sauka ko hawa da shimfidar wuri.

Daga bayan fage, inda mambobi ne na simintin ado da kuma duba daga view a jira na ta saki a fage biyu ko uku kofofin. Don da backdrop ga adjoined da baranda, inda kida dauki kujerun wasan kwaikwayo ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma a wasu wasanni, kamar samar da "Romeo Juliet", an yi amfani da matsayin ƙarin dandali a kan abin da mataki faruwa.

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" a yau

Ingila ne daya daga cikin kasashen da taimako ga duniya drama ne da wuya a overestimate. Yau, sanannun, ciki har da tarihi, sinimomi na London, wanda akwai fiye da dozin, babu kasawa na kallo a ko'ina cikin kakar. Na musamman sha'awa shi ne na uku "Globe", kamar yadda ya kai ziyara ne ire-iren su tafiya a cikin lokaci. Har ila yau, masu yawon shakatawa suna janyo hankalin ta yanzu a lõkacin da ta m gidan kayan gargajiya.

da ra'ayin a rayar da Turanci wasan kwaikwayo "Globe" a shekarar 1990. Kuma sarrafa aikin sanannun American actor kuma darektan Sam Uenameyker nace cewa wani sabon gini da aka gina don haka kamar yadda mafi kyau kama da asali. Reviews na yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci da wasanni na wasan kwaikwayo "Globe", show cewa quite babban tawagar shahararrun gine-ginen, injiniyoyi da kuma tuntuba tsunduma a cikin aikin na Tarurrukan na daya daga cikin shahararrun al'adu cibiyoyin a cikin tarihi na London, ya yi nasara a cikakken. Su ma rufe rufin tare da bambaro, sharkaf ta wuta sandarsa, ko da yake wannan gini abu a Birtaniya babban birnin kasar ya ba an yi amfani for kan 250 shekara. Bude da ya faru a 1997, da kuma kusan shekaru 18, a can za a iya gani da yawa productions na Shakespeare ta kwaikwaiyo da asali sets da kuma kayayyaki. Kuma, kamar yadda a zamanin Yakubu farko da Charles da farko, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, bãbu wucin gadi lighting da kuma wasanni da ake gudanar da rana.

wasanni

Kamar yadda riga ya bayyana, tushen da sharhin na farfado "Globus" - William Shakespeare. Musamman rare wasanni kamar "The Taming na Shrew," "Sarkin Lear," "Henry IV na," "alƙarya" da sauransu da suka yi wasa a matsayin a cikin 17th karni. A ãdalci shi dole ne a ce cewa ba duk da hadisai na Shakespeare wasan kwaikwayo tsira a yau "Globe". A musamman, da mace matsayin na actress wasa a yau maimakon matasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kamar yadda ya na kowa 250 da suka wuce.

Mafi kwanan nan, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo zo a kan yawon shakatawa a kasar Rasha da kuma kawo staging na "midsummer Night ta Dream." Yana za a iya gani ba kawai Muscovites, amma kuma mazauna Ekaterinburg, Pskov da kuma wasu birane na kasar mu. Reviews na Russia sun fi farin ciki, duk da cewa mafi yawan masu sauraro ya saurari rubutu a cikin tafinta, wanda zai iya ba ya tsoma baki da cikakke ji na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wasa.

Inda kuma yadda za a samu

Yau Shakespeare Theatre "Globus" is located a: New Globe Walk, SE1. A mafi sauki hanya don samun akwai da jirgin karkashin kasa, kai da igwa St tashar, Mansion House. Tun da gini bangare ba tare da rufi, sa'an nan ya zama kallo a wasan kwaikwayon na wasan kwaikwayo "Globe" mai yiwuwa ne kawai daga 19 Mayu zuwa 20 ga watan Satumba. A daidai wannan lokaci cikin shekara ta shirya yawon shakatawa na ginin, ba ka damar ganin ba kawai mataki da kuma masu sauraro, amma kuma yadda za a yi da sets kuma Backstage. Har ila yau, yawon bude ido da nuna kayayyaki sanya a kan almara na 17th karni da kuma tsohon props. Farashinsa ga ziyartar gidan wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin wani gidan kayan gargajiya na wasan kwaikwayo art na Shakespeare lokaci ne 7 fam ga yara da kuma £ 11 ga manya.

Yanzu ka san tarihin wasan kwaikwayo "Globe", kazalika da ka san yadda za ka samu a can, kuma abin da ba za ka iya ganin wasanni a can.