Shahararrun lauyoyi

Jurisprudence a matsayin kimiyya da kuma irin aikin sana'a ya fara ne daga zamanin sarakunan Romawa. Romawa ne suka sanya ginshiƙan ginshiƙan duk ka'idoji na zamani. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a tsawon ƙarni da yawa akwai wasu ra'ayoyi game da gwani na musamman. A cikin tarihin jihar Rasha akwai kuma mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi babbar gudummawa wajen kafa tsarin shari'a na ƙasa.

Shahararrun malaman shari'a

Duk wani zartarwar doka ne aka bayar bisa la'akari da tsarin binciken doka, muhimmiyar rawar da malaman kimiyya suke takawa a cikin fikihu da suke tsara ta hanyar aikace-aikacen kimiyya da gaskiyar da kuma samar da horo na ilimin ilimi ga sababbin ma'aikata. A mafi shahara Rasha lauyoyi a cikin wannan filin aiki: N. M. Korkunov, K. P. Pobedonostsev, B. N. Chicherin, MI Braginsky.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Korkunov

N. M. Korkunov (1853-1904) - dan wata makarantar likitancin, digiri na jami'ar St. Petersburg, sannan kuma malami. Tare da 70 na shekaru 90 na karni, lectured a kan tsarin mulki dokar a Attaura Faculty a cikin Alexander lyceum da Soja Academy. Daga cikin ayyukansa - "Dokoki da Dokoki", "Dokar {asar Rasha". Game da shekara guda, Nikolai Mikhailovich ya rike mukamin Sakataren Gwamnati a majalisar.

Ayyukan da suka fi muhimmanci, Lectures on General Lawory Law, na ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafai a jami'o'in Rasha, an fassara shi cikin Faransanci da Ingilishi, kuma masu lauya a yammacin Turai sunyi nazari a kan ka'idodin ka'idar doka.

Tun da ra'ayin da NM Korkunov ya yi bai dace da akidar zamanin Soviet ba, aikinsa na binciken ne kawai a matsayin gwaji na masana kimiyya masu sassaucin ra'ayi na baya, kuma kimiyya na yau da kullum game da kyawawan kyawawan abu ne mai wuya, amma bai kamata a manta cewa ita ce 'ya'yan Korkunov ba, Ayyukan koyarwa shine farkon irin wadannan sassan kimiyya kamar yadda gwamnati, kasa da kasa, doka ta jihar.

Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev

KP Pobedonostseva ya tashe shi daga wani malaman farfesa masu aminci. Sanannun lauyoyi na Rasha a wancan lokaci sun kasance suna da ra'ayoyin ra'ayi - doka, a ra'ayinsu, ya kamata ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin Orthodox da ka'idoji. Har ila yau, Pobedonostsev yayi irin wannan ra'ayin, la'akari, misali, cewa za ~ u ~~ uka ba ya amfanar jama'a ta hanyar haifar da wasanni na siyasa mara kyau. Mutane, a cewar masanin kimiyya, bai kamata su sami zarafi su bayyana ra'ayi ba, tun da nufin Allah shine dukkanin jagorancin kasar ne aka bai wa Sarkin.

A cikin wallafe-wallafen Soviet, KP Pobedonostsev ya wakilci a matsayin mai zartar da mummunan aiki, amma maganarsa ba ta ƙare ba, tun da aikin wannan masanin kimiyya an dauke shi classic: sanin tarihin doka cikakke, Pobedonostsev yayi nazari bisa gagarumar ka'idojin shari'a ta mutum ta hanya ta hanyar tarihi.

Bugu da} ari, aikinsa na dokar farar hula, wanda ya dogara ne akan ilimin da ya shafi makarantar dokokin Rasha, ya kasance da muhimmanci.

Boris Nikolayevich Chicherin

Ba duk na sani Rasha lauyoyi na karshe karni iya fariya irin wannan m shiryayye matsayin B. N. Chicherin, wanda shi ma wani mai goyon bayan neo-Hegelianism, da kuma tarihi, da na halitta kimiyya gwani. Yayin da yake koyarwa, masanin kimiyya ya fahimci muhimmancin zamanin zamanin juyin juya halin Musulunci na tarihin mutanen Rasha. A matsayin malami, Chicherin BN ya gwada sabuwar hanyar koyarwa, bisa ga nazarin ka'idar gwamnati. Duk da haka, ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya sun kasance mazan jiya - a matsayin mai wakiltar dangi na lokaci, ya yi imani cewa rukuni na Rasha ba zai iya zama ba tare da autocrat ba. B. N. Chicherin za a iya la'akari da wanda ya kafa makarantar littattafai na shari'a, tun lokacin da sashin masanin ya kasance irin wadannan ayyukan "Tarihin ilimin siyasa", "Yanki da kuma jihar", "Gwaje-gwaje akan tarihin dokar Rasha".

Har ila yau, 'yan sanannun lauyoyi, ba kamar Chicherin BN ba, suna da cancanci a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka cancanta a koyar da' yanci, da maƙasudin maƙasudin su.

Gabriel Feliksovich Shershenevich

Shershenevich GF - ya fito ne daga iyalin Poland nagari, wanda ya kammala digiri na Jami'ar Kazan. Sakamakon burin masanan kimiyya a lokacin farkon aikin koyarwa shi ne hukumomin shari'a na gari kamar masu tsaro, hukumomin shari'a. Shershenevich GF kuma ya magance matsalolin dokar ciniki, a inda aka kirkiro binciken da aka gudanar.

Na farko sunaye na masanin ilimin likitancin sun kasance suna bin tsarin shari'a na gari, wanda ya bambanta da zurfin bincike game da ayyukan shari'a da shari'a, ya ƙunshi yawancin jinsin, kira. Daga bisani Shershenevich GF yayi ƙoƙarin yaudarar tarihin falsafar doka, don daidaita tsarin hoton ilimi.

Masanin kimiyya a karo na farko ya ba wa] alibai da takardun litattafai game da dokar farar hula, sun yi magana don taimakawa wajen tsara dokoki da kuma kawar da rikice-rikicen shari'a.

Yi la'akari da lauyoyi: ladabi na maganganun shari'a

Shari'ar shari'a na jam'iyyun su ne duel na zukatansu, wanda ke buƙatar ƙwararren ƙwararru, ikon yin yanke shawara ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Yi aiki, don haka, ba da abinci ga masu tunani. Daga cikin shahararriyar - FN Plevako, AF Koni, VD Spasovich da sauransu. Hukuncin shari'a na sanannun lauyoyi har yanzu suna nazarin ilimin dokoki na kasarmu kuma suna zama alamu na jawabi na hanya.

Fedor Alexeyevich Koni

Ba duka sanannun lauya ba ne suka bambanta da irin wadannan kyauta masu mahimmanci irin su Kony FA, dan jaririn da aka sani, mai zargi, edita da kuma actress. Mai shari'a da kuma mai gabatar da kara a nan gaba ya sami ilimi na gida, ya dace a cikin harsuna biyar. Kony FA ta halarci ayyukan majalisa, aka gudanar da manyan al'amurra a ofishin lauya, mai shari'a, musamman, shi ne shugaban Kotun Kotun Petersburg.

Mutane da dama sunyi la'akari da haɗin kai da wannan mai magana. Daya daga cikin shahararrun shi ne hukuncin Vera Zasulich, wanda yayi ƙoƙari ya harba magajin garin St. Petersburg saboda rashin jin daɗin ɗaukar jirgin ruwa na Arkhip Bogolyubov, wanda aka kama shi a matsayin wanda yake da alhaki. Don mamaki da yawa, Koni A. F. ya gudanar ya cimma wani wankewa daga tuhuma ga Zasulich, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne akidar Karl Marx-neman sauyi.

Koni AF ta ci gaba da yin aiki da kuma lokacin shekarun Soviet, bayan da ya yarda da juyin juya halin, wannan shahararren lauya ya zama malami a Jami'ar St. Petersburg, ya karanta yawan laccoci na jama'a, yana fadakar da jama'a. Bayan rayuwarsa tsufansa, mashawarci mai zurfi har sai numfashinsa na ƙarshe bai daina yin aiki don amfanin gidan mahaifin.

Dukkanin abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun kasance misali ne na hidimar aminci ga yanayin da aka zaɓa, kuma masu biyo baya da masu aikin zamani suna bukatar su dauki misali daga gare su.