A tsari na taimako na Siberian dandali. A ma'adanai na Siberian Platform

Siberian dandamali, ko. kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, Eastern Siberian Platform, domin ya bambanta da shi daga West Siberian ne daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na nazarin Rasha binciken kasa. A da karkararta yana da muhimmanci ma'adinai adibas, a Bugu da kari, nazarin samuwar kuma ta ba jihar ne ban sha'awa daga zalla kimiyya ra'ayi. Subsoil da kuma taimako irin na Siberian dandali da hankali zukatan fiye da daya tsara na masana kimiyya. Bari mu, kuma za mu magance babban al'amurran da suka shafi wannan sashe na nahiyar ɓawon burodi.

Gwargwadon wuri

Da farko gano inda geographically ne kafuwar Siberian dandali. Its main taro da aka located a cikin gabashin ɓangare na Rasha ta Siberia zuwa Siberian kuma Far Eastern Tarayya gundumomi. A wajen kudu, da dandali zo zuwa karkarar Mongolia.

Daga yamma shi ne halitta iyaka da tashar na Yenisei River, a arewa - dutsen Byrranga a kan Taimyr Larabawa a gabas - da Lena River a kudu - Yablonovy ridges, zama Dzhugdur da Pribaikalskaya tsarin laifinsu.

A ma'aunan kasa sashe Siberian Platform ne wani ɓangare na Eurasian lithosphere farantin karfe kuma aka located a arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na shi. A wajen yamma, da shi adjoins yammacin Siberian Platform, a kudu - da Ural-Mongolian bel, a gabas - Western Pacific zone, da kuma a arewacin-splashing ruwan Arctic Ocean cewa mafi yawan shekaru, da aka boye a ƙarƙashin kankara.

Tarihi na ilimi

Yanzu bari mu koyi yadda za a samar da jerin taimako na Siberian dandamali ga miliyoyin shekaru da ma'aunan kasa matakai da aka kafa.

Wannan nahiyar yankin na duniya ta ɓawon burodi ne a irin na zamanin d dandamali, ko cratons. Ba kamar sauran kungiyoyin, shi da aka kafa da baya a Precambrian lokaci, wanda ke nufin cewa mafi ƙarancin shekaru domin irin wannan tsarin 541 shekaru miliyan. Sun yi aiki a matsayin tushen samuwar nahiyoyin, zama da core.

Siberian dandali yana nufin irin Laurasian. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin Mesozoic zamanin, shi wani ɓangare na nahiyar Laurasia. Amma tun kafin wannan lokacin ya fara dauki siffar tsoho Siberian dandali. Landform fara dauki siffar da baya a Archean sau, watau ba daga baya fiye da biliyan 2.5 da suka wuce. Duk da haka, yayin da shi kuma dan kadan ya yi kama da na zamani. Kafa harsashin ginin da aka kammala a farkon Proterozoic zamanin, karshen abin da na dandamali da aka rufe m teku, ƙwarai rinjayi da samuwar da sedimentary murfin. A Late Ordovician dandali ya a kan ƙasa na nahiyar Angarida. Daga baya, ya kuma sauran nahiyoyi na duniya ya garwaya a cikin guda nahiyar - Pangea. A Mesozoic, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tare da Siberian Platform West Siberian farantin da Gabas Turai dandali, bayan rabuwar Pangea, kafa Laurasia nahiyar. Bayan ta auka cikin Siberian dandali ya zama wani ɓangare na Eurasia.

Shi ke nan game da kafa Siberian Platform.

tsarin

A tsarin da Siberian dandali ne kama da tsarin duk sauran zamanin da dandamali. A da kafuwar ne harsashin kafa da baya a Archean da kuma farkon Proterozoic zamanin. Top harsashin maida hankali ne akan kankara na sedimentary cover, kafa a baya shekaru, da farko a matsayin samfurin magma ayyukan. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a zamanin da shi ne wani yankin da high volcanic aiki da magma fito daga ciwon hanji na duniya, kafa da murfin da tarko. Amma a wurare guda biyu a kafuwar dandali har yanzu zo zuwa surface. Amfanin ƙasa Precambrian kankara a surface da aka kira da garkuwoyi.

M gidaje kunshi uku kankara: greenstone, granular bel, kazalika da hadaddun da para- orthogneisses.

Shields na Siberian Platform

A cikin ƙasa na Siberian dandamali, akwai katakai biyu - da Anabar da Aldan.

Aldan aka located a kudu maso ɓangare na dandali. A labarin kasa na wannan wuri da ake kira Aldan tudu.

Anabar garkuwa da yawa karami da kuma sarrafa a yankin arewacin na dandali a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Siberian Plateau, a wani wuri da aka sani da Anabar tudu. Matsakaicin tsawo na shi saman teku matakin ne 905 mita.

Jamhuriyar Siberian Filato

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da ya kama zamani taimako na Siberian dandali.

Babban ɓangare na ƙasa ne Tsakiya Siberian Plateau. Yana bi sawun da sãɓãwar low ridges da plateaus. A mafi tudu batu - Dutsen Stone. An located a cikin Midlands Putorana, kuma yana da tsawo na 1701 mita saman teku matakin. Amma da talakawan tsawo daga cikin Tsakiya Siberian Filato shi ne kawai 500-800 mita. Bugu da kari, a wannan tudu ya kamata a kasaftawa Anabar Filato, wanda muka ambata kawai a sama. Yana da wani protrusion Anabarskiy garkuwa da surface. Tsororuwar tudu - 905 mita saman teku matakin.

A yamma da Filato kewaye da Yenisei Ridge, wanda a lokaci guda hidima a matsayin iyaka zuwa gare shi, kuma da Siberian dandali a matsayin dukan. Its talakawan tsawo ne 900 mita saman teku matakin, amma da ta kai a kalla a Dutsen Enashimsky Polkan kuma shi ne 1104 m. A Yenisei Ridge, ya ta'allaka ne da West Siberian dandali.

A kudu da kuma kudu-maso-gabas iyaka da Jamhuriyar Siberian Filato shi ne Angarsk kunya. A talakawan tsawo ne tsakanin 700 da 1000 mita saman teku matakin, matsakaicin - 1022 m.

Don gabas da arewa maso gabas na tsakiya Siberian Plateau, ya kuma inganta daidai nau'i na taimako na Siberian dandali, smoothly cikin Tsentralnoyakutskuyu bayyana. A wani hanya, shi ne har yanzu kira Tsentralnoyakutskoy ko Leno Vilyui Shefela. A mafi yawan karkararta na a kalla tsawo saman teku matakin bai wuce 100-200 m, amma a kan karkata zuwa mita 400.

Landform Siberian dandali wajen shimfiɗa? A ciki watersheds. Saboda haka, wadannan watersheds tsawo ba ya wuce 400-600 mita. A musamman, wannan sanarwa tana nufin iyakoki da daruna na Angara River, da Lower Tunguska da Vilyuya.

Sauran abubuwa na taimako na Siberian Platform

A kudu maso gabas na tsakiya Siberian Plateau ta'allaka da Aldan tudu. Ba kamar na sama abubuwa, shi ne ba da wani ɓangare na tudu, amma, duk da haka, wani ɓangare na Siberian Platform, wakiltar wani amfanin ƙasa a farfajiya na ta crystalline garkuwa. Shi ne a kan ƙasa da Aldan Plateau ne tsororuwar Siberian dandali, kai wani tsawo saman teku matakin a 2306 mita. Amma da yawa daga cikin tsaunuka na da tsawo ba wucewa daya dubu mita.

Landform Siberian Platform a cikin matsananci kudu-maso-gabas yana da wani duwatsu hali. A nan, a cikin Khabarovsk Territory, located Dzhugdzhugur duwãtsu. Ko da yake talakawan tsawo daga cikin hadaddun ne mafi girma fiye da na Aldan tsaunuka, da girma ganiya Topko baya zuwa size of tsororuwar tudu. Mountain makera yana da tsawo na 1906 mita saman teku matakin. Tsawon Dzhugdzhugur duwãtsu daga arewa-maso-gabas zuwa kudu maso yammacin tare da bakin tekun na Okhotsk Sea ne 700 kilomita.

Saboda haka, da muka sani a general sharuddan, abin da yake da tsari na taimako na Siberian dandali.

hydrography

Yanzu la'akari da babban ruwa jikin na Siberian dandali. Matsayin mai mulkin, su na asali wuri dogara a kan ƙasa, kuma amma sai, bayan da aka kafa ta, da koguna da tabkuna, waxanda suke da samuwa a cikin yankin, a wani fairly manyan adadin, kansu fara tasiri da samuwar da ƙasa.

The most waterway - Yenisey - shi ne da na halitta yammacin iyakar kasar da na Siberian dandali. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin duniya most koguna, wanda shi ne tsayin 3487 mita.

Don babban har iyakar Siberian dandali, kawai wannan lokaci a gabas, shi ne wani babban kogi - Lena. Ko da yake na shi daukawa ta ruwa kai tsaye daga dandali yankin. Its tsawon shi ne 4400 km.

A kudu na Siberian dandali a wani karamin yanki a lamba tare da mafi zurfi lake a duniya - Lake Baikal.

Daga cikin wasu manyan waterways sunã gudãna Siberian Platform, haskaka da Angara River, da kuma Lower Tunguska Viluy.

Ma'adanai kudancin Siberian Platform

Yanzu dole ne mu bincika ma'adanai na Siberian dandali. Ya kamata a lura cewa Mother Nature ba su da wani yankin da babba yawa. Abin da kiyaye ciwon hanji na Eastern Siberian Platform?

Aldansky garkuwa ne mai real ajiya tama. Bugu da kari, da Aldan Plateau ma mined jan karfe, da kwal, Mika, da kuma ko da zinariya.

Amma mafi girma a reserves na zinariya da lu'u lu'u da located a kan ƙasa na Yakutia, wanda shi ne mai real taskar Rasha. A cikin wannan kasa mined "combustible dutse" a kan ƙasa da Lena ci tasa.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, ci hakar ma'adinai faruwa a ciki da tunguska Irkutsk da kuma wuraren waha cewa suna located a yankunan Yakutia Krasnoyarsk da Irkutsk yankin.

Ma'adanai Arewa Siberian Platform

A ma'adanai na Siberian dandali a arewacin shi, yafi mayar da hankali a cikin ƙasa na Anabar garkuwa. Ga akwai adibas na apatite, anorthosite, titanomagnetites. Copper da nickel ake mined kusa Norilsk.

Amma a cikin man da gas, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da yankunan da ke yammacin Siberia, da yankin na Gabas-Siberian matalauta dandali. Duk da yake a Negeb kudu da arewa kuma yana da filayen man fetur, amma a da yawa karami yawa.

ƙasa

A topmost Layer rufe da yankin na Siberian dandali, shi ne gona. Ka yi la'akari da abin da iri da suke wakilta a cikin nazarin yankin.

Ganin cewa babban ɓangare na Siberian dandali maida hankali ne akan boreal gandun daji, ƙasa, kafa a nan dace ga wannan halitta yankin. A arewa - shi ne permafrost taiga kudu - sod-gandun daji. A kudu, manyan yankunan shagaltar da sod-podzolic kasa, wani lokacin akwai m gandun daji, har ma da baki duniya. Kawai karshen irin gona daga duk wadannan daban-daban high haihuwa.

Janar halaye na Siberian Platform

Kamar yadda ka gani, da Siberian dandali - daya daga cikin tsofaffin ma'aunan kasa tsarin on Earth. Relief a kan mafi yawansu, da yankin da aka wakilta plateaus, da kuma kawai a kan iyakoki na dandali ne firam ta gwada low duwãtsu ko tuddai.

A yankin ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban ma'adanai. Daga cikin su ya kamata mu haskaka da Karafa, Kwal, apatite, zinariya da lu'ulu'u. Akwai mai, ko da yake ba da babban nuna alama daga cikin yankin na dũkiya. Amma da ƙasa a cikin ƙasa na dandali ba shi da wani babban haihuwa.