Seal jinsunan. Yadda yawa jinsunan like akwai

Seals - na kowa sunan marine dabbobi masu shayarwa, yake haɗa kan bangaskiya wakilan biyu iyalan: yanzu da kuma eared like. Isar da shi m a kan ƙasar, sai suka iyo admirably a karkashin ruwa. Traditional yanki na da mazauninsu - ~ ar teku na kudancin da kuma arewacin latitudes. Seal jinsunan cewa wanzu a yanayi, ne sosai daban-daban, amma a lokaci guda a cikin bayyanar, halaye da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa da yawa na kowa siffofin.

Origin like

An sani cewa magabatan dabbobi masu shayarwa pinnipeds yardar kaina da zarar tafiya cikin ƙasa. Daga baya, watakila saboda worsening weather yanayi, su aka tilasta sauka a cikin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, mafi m gaskiya da kuma eared like samo asali daga dabbobi daban daban.

Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa magabatan na yanzu, ko talakawa, like sun halittun kamar otters cewa su goma sha biyar shekaru miliyan da suka wuce ya faru a Arewa Atlantic. Otariids mafi tsoho - kakanninsa, cynomolgus dabbobi masu shayarwa, da ashirin da biyar da miliyan shekaru da suka wuce ya rayu a arewacin latitudes na tekun Pacific.

Bambance-bambance a jikin tsarin

Alaqa asalin wadannan kungiyoyin biyu na like tabbatar da wani gagarumin bambanci a cikin tsarin da kwarangwal. Saboda haka, kowa da hatimi a kan ƙasar kusan m. A kan tudu yake kwance a kan ciki, ya gaban flippers danko fitar a tarnaƙi, kuma baya a jã su tare ƙasa kamar kifi wutsiya a kan tafi. Don matsawa gaba, da dabba da aka tilasta kullum tsalle, motsi jikinka ne mai nauyi.

Eared hatimi, da bambanci, an matabbata a cikin duk hudu wata gabar jiki. A lokaci guda ta gaban flippers ne iko isa tsokoki yin tsayayya da wani fairly gwaji jiki nauyi, yayin da raya ba jan baya, da kuma tura a gaba da kuma sanya karkashin ciki. Yawanci wannan dabba ke "waddling", ta yin amfani da duk fins a kan aiwatar da tafiya, da kuma iya "hobble" wani sosai nagari gudun idan ya cancanta. Saboda haka, da hatimin ne iya gudu tare da m tudu, ko da sauri fiye da wani mutum.

Kamar yadda na taso kan ruwa like

A gaban flippers na like ne da yawa karami fiye da na baya. A karshen ko da yaushe ja da baya da kuma ba tanƙwara a cikin diddige hadin gwiwa. Su iya zama a matsayin goyon baya a lokacin da tafiya a kan ƙasa, amma a cikin ruwa dabba iyon godiya zuwa gare su, yin m shanyewar jiki.

Eared hatimi motsa a cikin ruwa quite daban. Yana gudãna, kamar penguin, gabagaɗi, aiki forelegs. Hind flippers ya kawai abubuwa a matsayin wani rada.

janar description

Jinsuna daban na like da yawa ya bambanta a tsawon (da kusan daya da rabi zuwa shida mita) da kuma jiki nauyi (maza - daga saba'in kilo zuwa uku ton). A mafi girma daga cikin like talakawa - giwa like, kuma mafi karami - ringed like. Eared like, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba kamar yadda babban. The most of su, da teku zaki, iya girma har zuwa hudu mita kuma ku auna nauyi kadan fiye da ton. The karami, Kerch Jawo hatimi - hatimi, yin la'akari ne kawai game da mutum ɗari da kilo da kuma isa wani tsawon daya da rabi mita. A like ɓullo da jima'i dimorphism - maza muhimmanci outperform su mace nauyi da kuma jiki size.

hãtimi a jiki siffar da aka fi dacewa dace domin sauki motsi a cikin ruwa. Dukan su da wani elongated jiki, mai tsawo, m wuyansa, a takaice amma da kyau-tsare wutsiya. The shugaban ne yawanci kananan, da kuma kunnuwa ne a fili a bayyane ne kawai a cikin eared like. a wannan wannan ji gabobin ne kananan ramuka a kan sasanninta, shugaban.

Yana haɗa kan bangaskiya duk like da kasancewar wani lokacin farin ciki Layer subcutaneous mai, da sa mai kyau kadan store a ruwan sanyi. Tyulenyata yawa jinsunan aka haifa, ya rufe tare da m Jawo, wanda ba fiye da makonni uku (ta launi, yawanci fararen). Rufẽwa a real (adult) yana da wani m fatar kan mutum tare da wani pronounced podpushka da giwa like a duk hana shi kusan gaba daya. Amma ga eared like, suna da downy podpushka, da bambanci, na iya zama quite m, kuma a like da kuma a} uruciyarsa ya dõge m Jawo gashi.

hanyar rayuwa

Mai like zauna jihar bakin teku wuraren - inda karkashin ruwa igiyoyin tashi daga kasa na jiki na ruwa jiha da microscopic tãlikai. A wadannan wurare, na samu da yawa daga kananan cikin ruwa fauna. Ta, bi da bi, ci abinci da kifi, wanda aka cinye ta like.

Yana da wani carnivore. The hatimi yana da wani tsarin hakora, kama predatory dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya fi son farautar da ruwa a cikin zurfin. Baya kifi, like ci crayfish, crabs, cephalopods. Damisa hatimi harin Penguin a sau da sauran, karami, like.

Wadannan halittu suna daidai saba da low yanayin zafi. Su ne mafi yawa ruwa salon, da samun fita a kan ƙasar barci kuma daga sã'õ'in moulting da kuma kiwo. Lokacin da hatimin dives, kafafen hancinsa, kuma kunne takware suna rufe tam, ba kyale ruwa shiga. Mai like matalauta gani, amma idanunsa aka saba da tsayar da motsi na da ruwa da kananan haske.

haifuwa

A lokacin kiwo kakar mafi jinsunan gaskiya like haifar da wata biyu. Polygamous ne kawai giwa like da kuma m hatimi. Pregnancy mãtã yana daga 280 zuwa 350 kwanaki, bayan da haske ya bayyana wanda cub - ajiyewa da kuma kafa cikakken. Uwar ciyarwa shi mai madara daga 'yan makonni zuwa wata, da tsayawa nono a lokacin da tyulenonok har yanzu iya samar da nasu abincin. Domin a yayin da yara suke fama da yunwa, tsira a kudi na tara reserves na mai.

Saboda da lokacin farin ciki farin Jawo, fãtunsu da rufe kusan imperceptible a kan bango na snow, jariri tyulenonok sanã'anta da sunan barkwanci "belok". The hatimi, duk da haka, ba a ko da yaushe haife fari: kwiyakwiyanta teku hares, misali, zaitun-kasa-kasa a launi. Yawanci, mãtan kokarin boye da yara a cikin "ramuka" da snow tsakanin kankara hummocks, wanda na taimaka wa su fi rayuwa.

Eared like a lokacin kiwo kakar suna faruwa fairly manyan garkunan shanu a kan secluded ga ~ ar teku da kuma tsibiran. A farko don bayyana a kan bankunan na maza, wanda ake kokarin kama mafi yankunan, shirya ta faɗa da juna. Sa'an nan kuma akwai da mace a rookery. Bayan wani lokaci, kowane daga cikinsu ya haifa a cub, kuma jim kadan bayan haka, sake guda biyu tare da wani namiji wanda ya ci gaba da kare da karkararta. Ta'adi otariids namiji mutu tare da karshen kiwo kakar. Sa'an nan dabbobi ne farko kuma da lokacin da za a ciyar a cikin ruwa. A colder latitudes, suka yi ƙaura zuwa ciyar da hunturu akwai, wanda yake shi ne bit warmer kuma mafi sharadi gwargwado za a iya sa a kusa da wuraren da suka rookeries ko'ina cikin shekara.

Mafi fi sanin iri like

A cikin iyali da like, bisa ga daban-daban kafofin, shi ne daga goma sha takwas zuwa ashirin da hudu jinsunan.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• M hatimi (fari-bellied, Hawaii, Caribbean).
• giwa like (arewa da kudu).
• Ross hatimi.
• Weddell like.
• hãtimin rufi-cynomolgus.
• damisa hatimi.
• bearded (tẽku zomo).
• Hooded like.
• talakawa da kuma hange like.
• like (Baikalian, Caspian da ringed).
• m hatimi.
• garaya like.
• kabido (taguwar hatimi).

All hatimi jinsunan wannan iyali suna wakilta a cikin fauna daga Rasha.

eared like

Modern fauna hada da goma sha huɗu ko goma sha biyar jinsunan eared like. Su suna harhada cikin biyu manyan kungiyoyin (subfamily).

Na farko da kungiyar hada da like, da suka hada da:

• Northern (kadai irin wannan sunan).
• Kudancin (South American, New Zealand, Galapagos, Kerguelen, fernandessky, kabido, Guadeloupe, subantarctic).

Na biyu kungiyar da aka kafa teku zakuna :

• Sivuchya (arewa).
• California.
• Galapagos.
• Japan.
• kudu.
• Australian.
• New Zealand.

A cikin ruwan Rasha like na wannan iyali gabatar Steller teku zakuna da arewacin Jawo like.

Kare jinsunan like

A sakamakon aiki adam baki a cikin rayuwar yanayi, da yawa jinsin dabbobi, ciki har da like, a yau a cikin hatsarin nau'i nau'i.

Saboda haka, a cikin Littafi Red na Rasha rubuce da dama jinsunan like. Wannan teku zakuna zaune a Kuril kuma Kwamandan Islands da Kamchatka yankin. Har ila yau, ya kira rare dabbare hatimi, ko Larga, zaune a cikin Far East. Kare yanzu dauke da wani hatimi m dlinnomordy ko tevyak. An samu a cikin Baltic Sea da Murmansk Coast. A kan gab da wargajewa aka ringed hatimi - Far m hatimi kamun kifi.

The Red Littafi na Ukraine ya ƙunshi wani Littãfi daga m hatimi. Kiyayewa matsayi na jinsunan da aka jera a matsayin "m." Wannan sigar musamman m dabba yana da wani low haihuwa m, kuma bai jure kusa adam gaban. Kawai game da goma nau'i-nau'i daga m like zauna Black Sea, kuma a duniya a yau da yawan yana da wani fiye da ɗari biyar mutane.

kowa hatimi

Harbor like suna yadu rarraba a kan iyakar arewacin tekuna na Turai. Wannan irin gwada da masu zama a gida rai, da zabar kullum stony ko yashi ga ~ ar teku, tsibiran a cikin kududdufi da braids bays da estuaries. Babban abinci shi hidima kifi da kuma na cikin ruwa kwaro.

Kwiyakwiyanta yawanci haife na like a bakin tekun tsakanin May kuma Yuli, da kuma 'yan sa'o'i bayan haihuwa ana aika a cikin ruwa. A madarar uwarsa, suka ci game da wata, kuma da lokacin da za a saya da wannan gina jiki da rage cin abinci zuwa talatin kilo. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa madara mace like samun babban adadin nauyi karafa da magungunan kashe qwari saboda kifi ci abinci da shi, da yawa kwiyakwiyanta samun rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa.

Duk da cewa wannan nau'in ba da aka jera a matsayin kare matsayin, misali, hange like da ringed hatimi, shi ma bukatar wani m hali zuwa kanka, saboda yawanta ya rika ragewa.

Seal cynomolgus

Antarctic Seals cynomolgus yanzu daukarsa a cikin mafi yawan jinsunan hatimi a duniya. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, da yawan ta isar daga bakwai zuwa arba'in kimanin mutane miliyan - shi ne sau hudu fiye da adadin da dukan sauran like.

Girman manya - har zuwa biyu da rabi mita, suka auna biyu zuwa uku da ɗari kilo. Sha'awa, da mãtã da wannan nau'in na like ne dan kadan ya fi girma fiye maza. Wadannan dabbobi rayuwa a cikin Southern Ocean, rugujewa, kusa da bakin tekun a cikin rani da kuma a cikin fall migrating arewa.

Suna ciyar da abinci mafi yawa a kan krill (kananan crustaceans Antarctic), wannan na taimaka wa musamman tsarin da jaws.

Babban halitta makiya na cynomolgus like ne damisa hatimi da kisa Whale. Na farko shi ne mai barazana ne ga matasa da kuma saba dabbobi. Daga Whales tsira da like, da m kalmomin sirri tsalle a kan kankara floes na ruwa.

damisa hatimi

Wannan marine hatimi ne ba a banza "takwara" karaya predator na cat iyali. Mayaudara da kuma m mafarauci, ya ba abun ciki na musamman a kan kifi, ya shafa ne penguins, skuas, loons da sauran tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa ya ke kai hari ko da a kan kananan like.

Hakora na wannan dabba ne kananan, amma sosai kaifi da kuma m. Known lokuta da kai hare-hare a kan mutum damisa like. Kamar "ƙasar" damisa predator a cikin tẽku kamar yadda wakewake fata: a kan wani duhu launin toka bango da ka warwatsa baki aibobi.

Tare da kisa Whale marine damisa da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci predator na kudancin iyakacin duniya yankin. Shãfe haske a kai a kan uku da rabi mita a tsawon kuma yin la'akari fiye da ɗari huɗu da hamsin kilo iya matsawa da mamaki gudun tare gefen da gantali kankara. Hakar, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya kai hari a cikin ruwa.

Damisa hatimi - kadai daya daga cikin like, wanda sune tushen da rage cin abinci na dumin jiki tãlikai.