River kuma: description da kuma hotuna

Kuma River Stavropol baki faruwa yawanci kawai a yankin wanda aka rufe da yashi. rafi sunan ake dangantawa da wannan siffa da shi. Tare da Turkic harshen da kalmar "godfather" da aka fassara a matsayin "yashi". A tarihin kogin ya fara a cikin I-III ƙarni BC. Ko a cikin wadannan lokuta, masana tarihi lura gaban a ƙasa kusa da tafkin ruwa ya kwarara daga farko natsuwa, wanda aka tsunduma a nan a aikin noma, dabba husbandry, crafts fara bayyana. A XI-XIII ƙarni kogin kuma aka sanye take Polovets rates; kansu mazauna kira kansu "Cumans". Yau, tare da tafki ne cikin garin Mineralnye Vody, Budyonnovsk, kauyen Alexandria da kuma Suvorov, kauye Krasnokumskoe, Levokumskoe, sojoji Alexandrov, Arkhangelsk da Praskoveya. Duk a kan bankunan na kogin kuma a yau ne zuwa gida kan 350.000 mazauna.

labarin kasa kogin

Kuma Ya fãra a kusa da kauyen na Upper Mara karachay-Cherkess Jamhuriyar, a arewacin gangara na Rocky Ridge (tadawa 2,100 mita). A nan, tafki za a iya kira wani dutse kogin. A ma'adinai ruwan kwalba a yankin na kwarara daga karkara, inda ya kasance a gare fiye shiru. Ya ƙare a cikin Nogai steppe. A cikin Caspian Shefela a birnin Kum kogin Neftekumsk yanki ne zuwa kashi a yawan kananan makamai, wanda motsa a cikin shugabanci na Caspian Sea, amma shi ba ya isa. Total kwarara auku a hudu yankuna na kasar: Jamhuriyar Dagestan, Kalmykia, karachay-Cherkessia da Stavropol Abuja.

Inflows

A kogi ta tsawon TOTALS 802 km, yankin na da kwari ne 33.500 murabba'in kilomita. A kauyen Krasnokumskom (St George ta yankin) a Kumu tributary gudana - p. Podkumok. Yana nufin da dama-banki gida gudana. Domin fahimtar wadda ke da alaka pool watercourse, dole ne ka ƙayyade inda kogin empties a cikin kuma. Muna magana ne game da Caspian Sea.

Bugu da kari, a gefen dama na kogin daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin tafki da Daria Zolka. A hagu - Tomuzlovka, Karamyk Dry, Rigar Karamyk, Surkul, Dry Buffalo, Buffalo Rigar.

fasalin

Kuma River an ciyar da yafi by ruwan sama da kuma narkewa snow. Daga marigayi Nuwamba zuwa farkon watan Maris, ta icebound, a watan Maris-Afrilu, da kankara ya narke, ruwa ne na kwalba. A kwanan nan da suka wuce a cikin bazara da shi da aka rubuta fairly high ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma ambaliyar ruwa ba nadiri nan. Daga watan Maris zuwa watan Yuni, akwai wani ruwan tufana. A lokacin rani, da ruwa matakin zai iya tashi zuwa 5 mita.
Average shekara-shekara ruwa amfani ne 10.6 cubic mita. m, da talakawan kwarara rubuce a kusa 0.33 cubic mita. km a kowace shekara.

A fasalin da kuma River ne ta cike da laka ruwaye. Wannan shi ne saboda high daskararru ciki. A cewar kafofin, game da 600 dubu ton na kayan za a yi a kowace shekara. Sã'õ'in ambaliya da ruwan tsufana, wannan adadi qara muhimmanci. A wannan batun, da kuma River ake amfani da yafi ga ban ruwa na m ƙasashe na yankin.

Ma'adinai Ruwa A birnin domin ba da kwarara ne zai fi dacewa dutsen hali, da kuma bayan shiga lebur yanki zama mafi m hali.

ruwa ingancin

ruwa ingancin a cikin rafi a gaba ɗayansa, uniform. A tushen, a mountainous yankunan, mineralization aka alama: a nan shi ne yafi alli bicarbonate abun da ke ciki. Bugu da ari, tare da kogin na ma'adanai ƙwarai rage, akwai gaban sulfates. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kogin kuma a Stavropol yankin yana da matalauta ruwa ingancin da approximating da halaye na mai gurbata, gurbatacce.

Wuraren da canals

A cikin kogin kusa da kauyen na wannan sunan halitta kebewa tafki. Bayan da samuwar turbidity rage muhimmanci. Wucin gadi lake aka dauke su daya daga cikin mafi kifi wurare. Saboda haka, a ko'ina cikin shekara an gudanar da kamawa, da kuma duka da sana'a da kuma mai son. Akwai fiye da 70 jinsunan kifaye, daga cikinsu masu rinjaye ne gudgeon, irin kifi, bream, Pike da perch.

Bugu da kari a tafki, biyu ban ruwa canal aka gina a kan rafi kuma - kuma-Manych da Terek-kuma. Kamar yadda aka kuma daukar kwayar cutar zuwa waha ruwa da dama na gudãna (gabas manych et al.), Ina shi ne aiki, bayan wanda aka kawota ga masu amfani da.