Rayuwa da Works Prishvina MM biography da kerawa Prishvina

A cikin wannan labarin za mu gabatar muku wani sosai ban sha'awa marubucin - wani wakilin kasa wallafe-wallafe. Za mu bayyana masa biography da kerawa. Prishvin Mihail Mihaylovich (shekaru na rayuwa - 1873-1954) an haife shi a 1873, a watan Janairu. Ya aka haife kan Estate na Khrushchev, located in lardin Orel. Rayuwa da Works Prishvina mu bayyana jerin a shekara-shekara domin.

The iyali na gaba marubuci - zo daga Attajiran. Dreamy kuma yaudare mahaifinsa, wanda ya mutu da wuri, da kuma mahaifiyarsa, poetic, m, amma a lokaci guda, da wuya-aiki, m, karfi da-so, - iyaye biyu da babban tasiri a kan samuwar da hali na nan gaba marubuci.

Revolutionary ra'ayoyi a rayuwa da kuma aiki Prishvina

Farkon yara Michael ya faru a wani kauye inda ya jagoranci da kula da kuma bukatun manoma. Game da karatu a Elets dakin motsa jiki da kuma daga baya, a Tyumen real makaranta, marubucin ya gaya mana a cikin littafinsa "Kashcheeva sarkar", wanda yake shi ne autobiographical.

Daga wannan aiki da muka koya game da yadda dalibi Prishvin aka kama da ra'ayin duniya farin ciki. A wannan lokaci ya fassara daban-daban sauyi adabi, kazalika da inganta ideas daga cikin ma'aikata. Bayan haka, Michael aka kama Prishvin (1897). Zaune a cikin Riga kurkuku, a Kadaitaccen kurkuku, kuma ya yi wa wuce lokacin, a shafi tunanin mutum da tafiya zuwa Arewa iyakacin duniya. A marubuci ya tuba cewa ba da damar tawada da takarda, kuma ya haƙĩƙa, dã sun rubuta wani diary wannan tafiya.

Rayuwa a Turai

Prishvin shafukan na rayuwa da kuma kerawa wanda aka fraught da yawa m, bayan da mahada aka aiko zuwa ci gaba da karatunsa a kasashen waje a shekarar 1900. Rayuwa a Turai, ba shakka, ba zai shafi samuwar ciki duniya. Mikhail sensitively gane al'adun yammacin Turai. Ya ganin darajarsa Goethe, ƙaunar music of Wagner da Nietzsche gan a cikin littattafai na Fusion na falsafa da kuma shayari. Prishvin sauke karatu daga Faculty of Falsafa a Leipzig (1902). A wannan lokaci, ya gaba daya janye daga hannu a cikin gwagwarmayar siyasa, kamar yadda ya gane shi m na shi. Juyin juya halin tsoratar da Mikhail Mikhailovich, ya kasance mai mafarkin, ba wani jirgin saman soja.

Da farko Lyubov Prishvina

A lokaci guda ya faru da daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a cikin rãyuwar marubuci. Ya hadu a Paris mace dalibai daga Rasha. Biography da kuma aiki Prishvina nuna tasirin wannan yarinya, wadda za mu faɗa maka. A "Kashcheeva sarkar" gaya labarin da soyayya da kuma hutu tare da wannan dalibi suka ƙi Prishvin, da sanin cewa ba zai iya "duba a cikin rai na" wasu. Mikhail yi ta farko da koyi yadda za su son, "zama mutum", kuma ba kawai don sha'awan da kyakkyawa da mata. Wannan shi ne, ya kamata da farko a ruhaniya balagagge. Wannan yarinya da aka fi mayar sanya Mikhail marubuci, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya yi shaida cewa, dukan poetic abubuwan zo daga biyu kafofin: da soyayya da kuma yara.

Rayuwa a kauyen, aure

Domin shekaru da dama, ya koma kasarsa, Mikhail Prishvin zaune a kauyen, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin agronomist, shi ne ma hannu a gudanar da bincike aikin a fagen aikin noma. Ya yanke shawarar zama a matsayin live "duk mai kyau mutane", bada har su fatan for murna da farin ciki. Aure Prishvin a kan "sauki da kuma jahilci" baƙauye mace, suka zama mataimakansa.

A farkon da wallafe-wallafen aiki

Bisa ga abke, dõmin kansa, a shekaru 33, Mikhail sane da sadaukarwa ga wallafe-wallafen aiki. Bayan haka, ya abruptly canjãwa salon, zama ɗan jarida na jaridar da aka buga a St. Petersburg, "Rasha Gazette". A nan a 1905 ya sau da yawa kwafi bayanin da kuma almara na baƙauye rayuwa. Gaskiyar cewa aiki da wannan marubuci ya fara da aikin jarida, ya na mai da muhimmanci ga marubuci Prishvina: a cikin makala da articles, ya honed ya basira, koyi takaita ra'ayoyi da kuma koya ma'adanin na magana da kuma daidaito na harshe.

Mikhail kuma rubuta almarar, litattafan da gajejjeran labaru. Amma daya kawai labarin da ake kira "Sasha" da aka buga a 1906, a cikin "spring" - yara mujallar. Daga cikin wasu editoci na rubutum bai koma ba Prishvin "hadaddun m kaya." Marubuci annoba da kasawa.

Journey zuwa Arewa

Sa'an nan Prishvin yanke shawarar kai wasika na Kasa Society, wanda ya tafi zuwa ga Arewa (Norway da kuma Karelia, 1907). Ya ya dade da aka janyo ta asiri marubuci, kuma Mikhail biyu lokacin bazaar binciko wannan ban mamaki duniya. Rayuwa da Works Prishvina a wannan lokacin sun kasance sosai aiki. Ya fito da tãtsũniyõyin tafiya records da Legends, wani rubutu tare da tafiya da bayanin kula, kazalika da yawa hotunan. Bugu da kari, an karanta wani kimiyya rahoton, sa'an nan Prishvina zabe memba na Rasha Kasa Society kuma ya karbi lambar azurfa.

Biyu littattafan makala

Littafin makala "Ga koloboks sihiri" da "A ƙasar ba tsoro tsuntsaye" su ne irin aiki rahoton tafiyarka. A karshen jũna a zama ba sosai nasara marubuci, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne ma kimiyya. Ya dauke shi ya m farko shi ne na farko littafin a cikin abin da aka sanya makala a game da rayuwar taiga manoma da masunta, kazalika da matsananci arewacin yanayi. Duk da haka, da samfurin ne reminiscent, a Bugu da kari, da kuma wani m labarin. Fara shi a layi tare da wannan Genre: "A wani mulki ..." Amma da labari kamar haka nisa overshadows da gaskiya bayanin mai pauper rayuwa na mutane na Arewa, jahilcinsa. A marubuci, duk da haka, ya bayyana a sama da dukan kyakkyawa a wadannan mutane magana game da kusancinsu ga yanayi, adam a cikin mutuncinsa, tsada.

Sauran tafiya da kuma ayyukan da aka rubuta a kan wadannan ziyara

Artist a kowace shekara ya rubuta littattafai da kuma tafiyarka. Rayuwa da Works Prishvina a wannan lokaci ne a hankali related. Saboda haka, bayan da ya ziyarci Kerzhensky gandun daji bar "Bright lake." A muqala "Black Larabawa" da "Adamu da Hauwa'u" nuna kwarewa da ziyartar Asiya ta tsakiya. A littafin "Mai girma Diamonds" ya zo ne bayan da tafiya zuwa Crimea.

A samfurin "Black Arab" marubucin kansa ya kira "festive". Prishvin ba ɗaure a lokacin da samar takamaiman aiki wording, don haka ya iya bi da bi mabukaci kaya a Gabas hikaya, da ciwon gina aikinsa a kan ra'ayin da dama canji na matafiyin da ƙasa. Hoton na wannan matafiyin yana da ban sha'awa: ya yi kamar ya dauki wani alwashi na shiru adam. Wannan littafi ne sosai m da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Masu karatu kasance farin ciki tare da shi, har ma ya miƙa Gorky buga wani uku-girma tattara ayyukan da Mikhail Mikhailovich a "ilimi".

The daraja, da rapprochement tare da modernists

Name Prishvina farkon yakin duniya na farko da aka a wallafe-wallafen da'irori shi ne yadu da aka sani. Kerawa da marubuci ne sosai mai daraja da yawa daga cikin Sahaban, kamar Ivan Bunin, A. Block, A. Remizov, M. Gorky, Z. Gippius, V. Bruce. Musamman na kusata Prishvin marubuta-modernists. Ya sami goyon baya da kuma sa hannu a cikin muhalli, a cikin buga bugu. Malaminsa ya kira Remizov. A modernists kusantar da Mikhail da hankali ga art, kerawa, kazalika da high bukatun da za a hadu a hanya. An sani cewa Prishvina wani ra'ayi da labari mai taken "Juyawa daga cikin karni na", shi ne ya shirya, kiyaye raba "guda" da kuma almara a cikin archive. A ra'ayin wannan, da rashin alheri, ba a aiwatar.

Aika zuwa gaban matsayin wakilin

Marubuci bayan da farkon yakin duniya na tafi da gaban kamar yadda wata jarida wakilinmu. Ya kawayeniya cewa wannan yaki zai iya kawo tare gwamnati da kuma al'ummar tarwatsa sauri. Prishvin fara rashin amincewa da wani iri-iri m ya shafa, abin da ta kawo. War ne tausayi - shi ke da ainihin ra'ayin dukan makala da articles.

Prishvin kunshe a cikin jam'iyya "Scythians"

A marubuci, kamar girma na ci-gaba kawo dukkan kasar mu a wancan lokacin, da Fabrairu juyin juya halin karbuwa da maraba. Ya zarar ya shiga wata ƙungiyar na "Scythians", wanda ya kasance daga marubuta kamar E. Zamyatin, Remizov, Nikolai Klyuev, S. Yesenin, A. White, Bryusov da sauransu suka raba da ra'ayi na tarihi na Hagu SRs. Sun kasance su shiryayyu ta Rasha kauye, da peasantry, ba proletariat, kazalika da} o} arin "Connect" tare da gurguzanci Kiristanci.

Rayuwa da Works Prishvina a farko bayan shekara Oktoba juyin juya halin

Juyin juya halin - wani taron cewa ya shafa da rabo daga mutane da yawa, ciki har da marubucin ban sha'awa a gare mu. A takaice dai labarinsa na rayuwa da kuma aiki na M. M. Prishvina a farko bayan shekara Oktoba na gaba.

Bayan da juyin juya halin, Mikhail fara aiki tare da kwafi SRs - jaridu "asuba", "The nufin mutanen", "Business mutane" - kafin a rufe su a matsayin wani counter-neman sauyi.

A lokacin daga 1918 zuwa 1919 a Yelets, ya aiki a matsayin malami na Rasha harshen, da Oganeza na tarihin gida na harka. A 1920, ya bar birnin tare da iyalinsa a gida. A Smolensk lardin da marubuci ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan na makaranta da kuma malami. Ya kuma shirya ga tsohon Estate Baryshnikov Museum gidan gona rayuwa.

A lokaci daga 1922 zuwa 1924 da aka alama ta da wadannan abubuwan. Mikhail su motsa tare da iyalinsa a kusa da birnin Moscow, a Taldom gundumar. Nan shi ne ya aiki a kan wani littafi da ake kira "takalma", da kuma fara rubuta da autobiographical "Kashcheeva sarkar" na wanda muka ambata. Akwai litattafai game da yanayi, da farauta da labaru.

"Springs Berendey"

A shekara ta 1925, marubuci koma Pereslavl-Zaleski, tsunduma a tarihin gida aiki. Wallafa wani littafi da ake kira "Springs Berendey" - daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyuka, wanda cikakken nuna duniya na halitta a cikin ayyukan Mihaila Prishvina. A littafin ya gaya game da mutane tare da wanda ya yi aiki da kuma rayu marubuci. Ana iya gani Prishvina musamman m ga watsuwar da yanayi da mutum. Marubucin ya jaddada da dangantaka da duniyar mutane, yana mai cewa duk da abubuwa na halitta duniya sun shiga wani mutum. A mutunta mutane da yawa, wannan duniya ma'anar mu aji, ko da bayyanar. Bishiyoyi da dabbobi - prototypes mutane. Nature a lyrical miniatures baiwa da halaye na mutum na ciki duniya. Ban gane ba falsafar yanayi Prishvina ba zai yiwu ba ga warai karanta ayyukan da aka rubuta da shi. An bambanta daga sauran artists na kalmar cewa, tare da taken wannan ya haɗu da duk babban al'amurran da suka shafi tashe a cikin littattafai. Jigon samuwar dan'adam da aka yi wahayi ta hanyar hotunan da yanayi.

1930 a cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki Prishvina

A shekarar 1931, a cikin bazara, Prishvin aika a kan tafiya zuwa cikin Urals a kan umarnin da mujallar "Our nasarori", wanda a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki. A cikin kaka na wannan shekara - Far East, inda ya ci gaba da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki Prishvin.

A littafin "My zane" ya bayyana a cikin 1933 da gabatarwa ta M. Gorky. Makala dangane da tafiya zuwa Arewa da aka rubuta a lokaci guda kuma suna kira "iyaye da 'ya'ya". Tale "Akidar of Life" (wani sunan - "Ginseng") da aka buga a mujallar "Red Virgin Kasar gona" a cikin wannan shekara. A cikin wannan littafin, ya Sahaban ga shayari na rayuwa canji ta hanyar kerawa abin da yake a tune tare da dukan pathos na adabi na Soviet lokaci. Duk da haka, idan rinjaye na zamani marubuta Prishvina yi magana game da gama aikin (gonaki, masana'antu, da gine-gine), Mikhail rubuta game da kungiyar na barewa ajiye. Ya haruffa - Sin da Rasha. A labarin ya bayyana su aiki da kuma rayukansu, su dangantaka. Ainihin ra'ayin - hadin kai na mutane daban-daban daga kasashe.

Prishvina soki da cewa ya gangan gusa daga zamani gaskiya, ba wanda aka nuna a cikin wani aiki na tarihi epoch (a farkon karni akwai wani mataki na wannan labarin). Duk da haka, duka biyu suna da muhimmanci, marubuta don bayyana nasu ra'ayoyin game da kerawa. The waka, rubuta ta da shi, fanned ta Labor romance "albarka" relatedness tsakanin mutane daban-daban, kazalika da yanayi da mutum. Ginseng - wani marmaro na matasa da kuma kiwon lafiya, tushen rai, amma a lokaci guda shi ne na ruhaniya tushen da taimaka ƙayyade wani mutum hanyarsa ta rayuwa. A karo na farko da marubucin ya da alaka da tarihi da nasa tarihin a almara, mutum wanda a lokacin Rasha-Japanese War yana cikin Far East. Autobiographical da kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da muradi na samfurin - a ji na nagging zafi cewa permeates da gwarzo a ƙwaƙwalwar na farko da soyayya, da newfound farin ciki, a lokacin da farin ciki ya ɓace a cikin wata mace. Duk wannan yana nuni da biography Prishvina Mihaila a takaice ya bayyana mana.

Mun ci gaba da labarin mu. A 1934, har yanzu da dama da muhimmanci events alama da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki. Prishvin MM aka aika zuwa bincika cikin mota kasuwanci a Gorky, sa'an nan tafiya zuwa arewacin gandun daji. Kwaikwayo na da yanayin wadannan wurare da aka nuna a cikin makala "Berendeeva ƙunci", kazalika a cikin littafin ga yara "The dabba chipmunk".

A 1939, marubucin aka bayar da Order "Badge na karimci", kuma da wadannan shekara aure V. D. Lebedevoy da kuma ciyar da bazara a Moscow yankin, a kauyen Tyazhin. Akwai ayyuka "Forest saukad da", "Phacelia" da kuma sake zagayowar kira "Dedushkin takalma".

Rayuwa da kuma aiki na marubuci a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, a watan Agusta 1941, marubucin aka kwashe daga babban birnin kasar na Yaroslavl yankin, Usolye kauyen. A 1942, aikin ya ci gaba a kan sulusin labari "Kashcheeva sarkar". A 1943 aka buga "Tatsũniyõyi ne na Leningrad yara." A dangane da 70th tunawa da marubuci ya aka bayar da Order of Red Banner na Labor.

Tarihi da rayuwar da aikin M. M. Prishvina wannan zamani ne alama ta da wadannan m aukuwa. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1945, ya rayu a Pushkino, kusa da Moscow, wanda aka halitta "ma'ajiyar kayan abinci rana." The tarin "Golden Meadow" ya bayyana a cikin 1948.

A shekara ta 1952, da marubuci ya dawo aiki a kan "Kashcheeva sarkar", sulusin.

Janairu 16, 1954 - kwanan wata cewa kammala ta rayuwa da kuma aiki. Prishvin M. mutu a Moscow.

Evaluation aikin da hali Prishvina

Mikhail Mikhailovich - marubuci peculiar. Rigima hanyar da rayuwa da kuma aiki Prishvina ya Sahaban. Game da shi ya rubuta da yawa Bakhtin yaba Prishvina Bokov, Kazakov, Kozhinov. Sharply amsa game da kerawa na Mihaila Mihaylovicha Tvardovsky, Sokolov-Mikitov, Platonov. Duk da haka, da marubuci ya yi ĩmãni a cikin soyayya da kuma fahimtar da yara, da kuma a yau Prishvina masu karatu sosai sosai.

blog Prishvina

Gaske farin ciki Mikhail Mikhailovich, idan gani a fahimtar da masu karatu, sau da yawa ya ce abin da ya rubuta ga mai karatu-aboki wanda yake iya daukar halittar. Sau da yawa ziyarci shi a karshe shekaru da kuma Dudin, kuma a Moscow irin Raya Makon na da basira a matsayin S. Marshak A. Yashin, Vladimir Shishkov, Sun. Ivanov, K. Fedin. Prishvin ga "karatu" a Paustovskii, sosai a kusa da marubuci na "ruhu na kerawa." Sa su lyricism, soyayya yanayi, kazalika da heightened da hankali ga m magana. Farincikin amsa K.Paustovsky da diary kiyaye for rabin karni M. Prishvin. Ya yi imani da cewa biyu ko uku Lines zai zama isa ga wani dukan littafin, idan muka mika su.

Mutane da yawa marubuta, kamar yadda muka sani, kiyaye tsarin sautinsu. Duk da haka Prishvin ĩmãni, su yi aiki a kan shi da babban kasuwanci na rayuwa. Buga nasara a wasu rikodin na wanda aka haife "Tinkerbell", "Eyes na duniya", "Forest saukad da", "Phacelia". Duk da haka, a lokacin da yake rayuwa, kuma na dogon lokaci, da mafi yawan records ba za a iya buga bayan mutuwarsa, saboda su aka mai da su nuna ra'ayi ba daidai ba, erroneous views. A cikin diary, marubucin ya ji haushi, tunanin, gyarawa alamun zamanin, magana da mutane. Shigarwa da za ka iya koya da yawa game da peculiarities na rayuwa a cikin kasar a farkon rabin na karni na 20th.

MM Prishvin yau

The asali na kerawa M. M. Prishvina yanzu gõdadde. Yau, masu karatu na wannan marubucin ne da gaske mai yawa. A rayuwa da kuma aiki Mihaila Mihaylovicha Prishvina yawa da aka rubuta. Sayar fita da sauri barin littafin na littattafai na Mikhail Mikhailovich, ya aka tuna da kuma ƙaunar a ƙasarsa ta Elets, a Tyumen, inda ya yi karatu, kazalika da a Karelia, a kan wanda tafiya mai yawa, kuma a Dongying, inda ya shafe na karshe shekaru na marubuci ta rayuwa.

Yau, da horo da shirin, lalle zã hada da ayyukan da wani marubuci kamar yadda Prishvin. Rayuwa da Aikin (Grade 6, da manhaja for adabi) karatu a duk makarantu na kasar mu. Ko da yake sa'o'i duqufar da wannan topic ba sosai. An dauke kawai a takaice dai biography of M. M. Prishvina. Ga yara shi ne isa. Zai yiwu daga baya a rayuwa da marmarin zama mafi hankali matsahi na saba da rayuwa da kuma aiki da irin wannan ban sha'awa marubucin. Wannan labarin da aka rubuta kawai ga wadanda suke so su sani ƙarin cikakkun bayanai a game da rayuwar da aikin Mikhail Mikhailovich, wanda ba su gaya a makarantar sakandare.