Propylene glycol - mece ce? Chemical Properties, aikace-aikace

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan abin da ke cikin kwaskwarima, turare, masana'antun abinci, da kuma fasahar fasaha shine kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke nufin 'yan giya. Sunanta shi ne propylene glycol. Mene ne? Bari muyi la'akari da dukiyoyi, tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta da kuma yanki na yin amfani da haɗin da aka ba a lokacin labarin.

Propylene glycol - mece ce?

Wannan ruhin ruhohin mutane sun fara amfani da su, da zarar sun gano abin da yake da amfani da mahimmanci. A waje, ya bambanta da kadan daga ethanol ko glycerin, saboda shi ma ruwa ne mai haske. Gaskiya, ta danko ya fi yadda na ethanol yake, amma m fiye da na glycerin. Ta hanyar haɗari, yana da mahimmanci ga maƙwabta mafi kusa kusa da jerin homologue - ethylene glycol.

Idan ethanediol shine guba mai karfi, propylene glycol ba. Yin amfani da wannan abu yana dogara ne akan kayan jiki da sunadarai. Idan muka takaitaccen fasahar masana'antun masana'antun da ke dauke da propyne glycol, aikace-aikacen za a bayyana su da dama rassan tattalin arziki.

1. Masana'antu.
2. Harkokin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da motoci.
3. Kamfanonin mai da gas.
4. Paint da kuma masana'antu.
5. Cosmetic da turare masana'antu.
6. Samar da abinci.
7. Bayanan fasaha na aiki.
8. Magunguna.

A bayyane yake cewa abu da muke tunani shine muhimmin kayan sunadarai mai mahimmanci kuma abu mai mahimmanci don samar da kayan aiki na al'ada da yawa. Abin da ya sa aka samar da wannan samfurin a ton a kowace shekara. Kasashen da suke fitar da shi da kuma shigo da su a tsakanin kasashe suna aiki sosai. Kusan kowane yanki na aiki da samarwa yana shafar yiwuwar yin amfani da abu irin su propylene glycol. Mene ne? Mene ne tsarin tsarin sinadaran, tsari da kaddarorin? Za mu fahimci kara.

Formula da abun da ke ciki na kwayoyin

Akwai da dama bambance-bambancen karatu na dabarbari da wanda za ka iya nuna ba kawai ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun da ke ciki na DNA, amma domin na atomic shaidu a cikin shi, wato, da tsarin kwayoyin halitta.

1. Magungunan kwayoyin halitta, ko tsinkaye. A cewar wannan tsari, wanda zai iya yin hukunci akan abun da ke ciki. Propylene glycol zai bayyana a matsayin C ₃ H ₈ Yã _2. Amma irin wannan rikodin ba zai ba da damar yin la'akari da dukiyoyi na kwayoyin halitta ba, saboda ba'a san ka'idodin haɗuwa da mahaifa ba.
2. Tsarin taƙaitaccen tsari. A wannan yanayin, da abun da ke ciki propylene yana da guda dabara amma na iya samun iri biyu: 1,2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _3, da kuma 1,3-propanediol CH ₂ OH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Matsayi na ƙungiyar aikin yana rinjayar aikin sinadaran abu. Dukansu sune isomers.
   
3. Cikakken tsarin dabara. Yana nuna kowane haɗi a cikin kwayoyin, ciki har da mahadi tsakanin carbon da hydrogen. A cikin propylene glycol, dukkan shaidu sune guda ɗaya, sigma-type, sabili da haka, don wakiltar tsari cikakke ba ya da ma'ana.

A matsayin abu mai sauƙi, propylene glycol ne mai ruwa wanda shine jinsin tseren racemic na tsari biyu na isomeric. Wannan shi ne saboda ingancin carbon atom a cikin sarkar. Sabili da haka, daya ya juya jirgin sama na hasken haske zuwa dama, ɗayan zuwa hagu. Duk da haka, a kan dukiyawan wannan abu a matsayin cikakke, wannan kusan ba zai taɓa tasiri a kowace hanya ba.

Bayanin jiki na abu

A dangane da sigogi na jiki, 100% propylene glycol na da halaye masu biyowa.

1. Ruwan marar lahani, lokacin farin ciki, mai sauƙi, yana da matsakaicin yawa.
2. Abin dandano yana da dadi, ƙanshi takamaiman.
3. Wannan abu ne mai kyau ga masu wakilci kusan dukkanin abubuwa.
4. Propylene glycol kanta ya watsar da ruwa da barasa, mummunan benzene da ether.
5. Tafasar batu na - 45.5 ⁰ C a al'ada matsa lamba. Tare da kara matsa lamba, mai nuna alama ya kara.
6. Yana da babban mataki na hygroscopicity.
7. Yana da ƙananan rashin ƙarfi.

Irin waɗannan kayan jiki suna ƙayyade wuraren da ake amfani da wannan abu. Bayan propanediol zai iya yin laushi da kafofin watsa labaru, yaduwa da ruwa da kuma ɗaure shi, ƙananan zafin jiki na abubuwa, watsa kwakwalwan mahaɗi. Saboda haka, ana amfani dashi a masana'antun abinci.

Chemical Properties

Daga batu na aikin sinadaran, 1,3-propylene glycol ne mai isomer mai haɗari. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ikon polymerization. Gaba ɗaya, zamu iya gane da dama halayen asali, wanda wannan barazanar giya zai iya shiga.

1. Esterification. Tare da kwayoyin halitta da kayan inganganci suna hulɗa da samuwar esters.
2. Lokacin da aka yi magana da alkalis, ana samar da glycolates, wannan abu yana faruwa a lokacin da yake hulɗa da ƙananan alkali.
3. Yana da ikon shan ruwa tare da samuwar aldehydes, allylic alcohols, dimethyldioxanes da sauran kayan.
4. Ayyukan dehydrogenation sun haifar da kafa acetols, aldehydes, acid.
5. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka yana tare da samuwar kwayoyin da acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde da sauran mahadi.

Amfani da wannan abu a masana'antu yana dauke da lafiya ga yanayin. Lalle ne, a sakamakon stepwise lalata kwayoyin kafa kawai ruwa da carbon dioxide. Tsarin shine kamar haka:

• Propylene glycol;
• Lactic acid;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• Ruwa;
• Carbon dioxide.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka yi la'akari da yiwuwar amfani da wannan fili don dalilai daban-daban: duka fasaha, da abinci da kuma kwaskwarima.

Abin guba da tasiri a jiki

Propylene glycol - mene ne wannan daga batu na tasiri akan jikin mutum? Yawancin binciken da gwaje-gwaje da yawa sun nuna cewa wannan fili ba shi da tasiri a kan rayuka da gabobin rayuwa. Bazai haifar da fushi da launin fata ba, ba ya tara a cikin hanta da kodan, yayin da ya fadi kan hanya zuwa gare su.

Gwaje-gwaje a kan ƙuda da ke amfani da gylene glycol kullum, ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai shafi lafiyar da rayuwar rayayyun halittu ba. Duk da haka, idan samfurori da shirye-shirye waɗanda ke ɗauke da babban adadin wannan abu suna amfani da su na dogon lokaci, kodan zai iya sha wahala, ayyukansu da mutuntaka zasu rushe. Amma saboda wannan, ya kamata mutum ya yi amfani da adadin kusan kusan 100% propylene glycol, wanda, ba shakka, ba zai yiwu ba.

Saboda haka, yin amfani da wannan barasa a cikin kwaskwarima, turare da masana'antar abinci yana yarda da duk dokoki da ka'idoji. Abinda ya tasiri kawai zai iya kasancewa a kan mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan fata, dermatitis, eczema da siffofin rashin lafiyar jiki. A wannan yanayin, ba'a bada shawarar yin amfani da creams, ointments, shampoos da sauran kayayyakin da ke dauke da wannan abu.

Manufa a masana'antu

Chemical Properties damar propylene ya sami propylene oxide daga shi a karkashin wani yanayi na zafin jiki (200 ⁰ C) da kuma matsa lamba (1.6 MPa). A lokaci guda, samfurori ne kawai abubuwa uku:

• Propylene glycol;
• Dipropylene glycol;
• Tripropylene glycol.

Don ƙarin aiki da rabuwa, ana amfani da hanyar gyarawa a shafi na musamman. Kayan da aka ƙãre yana da babban tsarki (99%), don haka an shirya shi nan da nan don amfani. Abinci na propylene glycol yana samun ƙarin magani, rayuwar rayuwarsa ta kai shekaru biyu.

Yi amfani dashi azaman ƙwarewa

Da farko, ana amfani da wannan barasa a masana'antu a matsayin mai sanyaya. Propylene glycol iya amfani da teploustanovkah a cikin zazzabi kewayon daga -40 ⁰ C zuwa 108 ⁰ C. Haka kuma, ta low lalata ikon damar kula da kayan aiki. Saboda haka, ana amfani da propandiol don:

• Yankewar tsarin;
• Daidaita kowane nau'i na gine-gine;
• Samun iska;
• Cooling kayan abinci.

Aikace-aikace a cosmetology

Samun wannan abu don tarkon da ɗaukar ruwa, don watsawa, don inganta daidaito, don aiwatar da kwayoyin ƙanshi ya kasance bisa ga amfani da shi a masana'antu da kayan turare. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan aikin sinadaran da aminci daga batu na ilimin kimiyya, magani kuma ya ƙayyade zaɓin wannan ɓangaren na musamman yayin da ake samar da creams, shampoos, pastes, ointments da wasu kayan.

Akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa da suke sayen propylene glycol. Farashin ya dogara da ƙaddamarwar samfurin kuma a kan ƙarar umarni. Range daga 150 zuwa 170 rubles a kowace kilogram.

Yi amfani da masana'antun abinci

A cikin masana'antun abinci, propylene glycol an sani da E1520. Yana da wani ɓangare na samfurori da yawa tare da pasty, kirim mai daidaituwa, da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Matsayinsa - tarwatsawa, taushi, sanyaya, canning.