Mawaka "Peony". SAU 2S7 "Peony" 203 mm - bindigar kanta

Bayan da Winter War a 1939, ya bayyana cewa dakarun ne a dire bukatar m kai-propelled kayan aiki da za su iya yi da kansa ikon tafiya a kan m ƙasa to makiya maki na sāke wuri, kuma nan da nan ci gaba zuwa ga halaka na karshe garu yankunan. Duniya wannan zato karshe ya tabbatar.

Duk da haka, da matsayi na daban-daban na kai-propelled bindigogi bayan da yaki ya dai mawuyacin halin: sau da yawa lissaftuwa game da bukatar jimlar kawar da irin wannan kayan aiki da kuma sake kayan aiki na sojojin da sabon iri nauyi tankuna.

Abin farin, wannan bai faru ba, amma saboda a karshen cikin 60s Soviet soja designers gaggawa fara wajen samar da wani sabon gaba daya kai-propelled bindigogi. Saboda haka akwai wani fundamentally daban-daban igwa manyan bindigogi. "Peony" ya mai kyau misali na canza manyan al'amurra na Soviet umurninSa.

asali bayanai

Don haka ya kira kai-propelled manyan bindigogi shigarwa na Soviet samar, sanye take da bindiga, 203,2 mm (2A44). Yana da aka sa a cikin sabis a shekarar 1976. Shekara bakwai daga baya, a 1983, na zamanintar da na'ura da aka za'ayi. Domin cin gaban su gamu da N. S. Popov da Mr. I. Sergeev, godiya ga baiwa abin da ya bayyana "Peony". ACS ya dogon sha'awar yammacin soja, kubutar da su daga gaggãwa matakai.

Mene ne?

A soja rukunan da Tarayyar Soviet na bai gyarawa shigarwa da wadannan ayyuka:

• Halakar mahakar intercontinental makamai masu linzami, da danniya da manyan bindigogi, turmi da batura na abokan gaba.
• Da kawar da dadewa bunkers da kuma sauran kufaifan na abokan gaba.
• Danniya na maƙiyi jikinsu, ciki har da a backcourt.
• Halakar manyan taru na manpower.

Don wannan rana, wannan ACS aka dauke mafi iko a cikin aji. Lokacin da ta samu cikin Soviet manyan bindigogi? "Peony" sai suka fara samar a 1967.

Tarihi na halitta

Sa'an nan da ma'aikatar tsaro Industry ya bayar da wani sabon umurnin, wanda da umarnin a farkon aiki a kan ci gaba da kuma halittar wani sabon gaba daya manyan bindigogi tsarin crawler. Yana da aka zaci cewa ACS za a yi amfani da su hallaka maƙiyi tsaro a cikin zurfin, da kuma decommissioning na wurare domin ƙaddamar intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami. A zanen kaya sun ba da sharuddan da tunani, wanda bayar cewa da kafuwa ne zuwa wuta a kalla a nesa na 25 kilomita. Saboda haka, "Peony" - ACS kwarai fama ikon.

Tun da komai ba "a cikin rahamarSa" da injiniyoyi, da dama CB nan da nan ya miƙa nasu bambance-bambancen karatu:

• Yana da aka kamata su yi amfani da bindiga C-23 (180 mm zamo) tare da shasi na tanki T-55. Harbe-harben kewayon kilomita 30 shi ne batun da aikace-aikace na al'ada bawo jet kuma ba ka damar wuta riga at 45 km. Wannan samfur da aka kaddamarda "pion-1."
• Haka kuma an shirya don amfani da bindiga C-72, amma a kan wani musamman crawler, ɓullo musamman ga sabon shigarwa. A wannan yanayin, da saba harsashi zai yiwu zuwa wuta a kilomita 35, a jet - 45 kilomita.
• Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu masana sun yi nuni da tekun gun HU-1 (180 mm ma'auni), a kan shasi na rawa ga wanda sake "matchmaker" shasi tank T-55.
• Kirov Shuka Engineers (Leningrad) imani da cewa shi ne mafi kyau, ka dauki 203 mm zamo igwa da kuma shigar da shi a cikin wheelhouse a kan T-64 tank shasi (latest a lokacin da na'ura). Yi nufi ga ba a gun taushi takalma, wanda zai yi muhimmanci rage recoil kuma Ya ƙãra daidaito.

yanke shawara

The muhawara an dade, kai-propelled manyan bindigogi tsarin, "Peony" da aka ma sabon abu da kuma sabon zuwa gida masana'antu. Kawai a cikin marigayi 1969, masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa zamo kamar 203 mm yayi dace da mafi kyau shirya kai ga sabon ACS ayyuka. a kan shasi na T-64 (yi a cikin conning-hasumiya) da kuma shasi "ƙi 429" a cikin bude embodiment: ewa zuwa ga hukuncin da jihar Hukumar biyu zažužžukan da aka gabatar. Mafi nuna wani zabi na biyu, saboda shi kuma ya ba da "koren haske" domin kara raya. Aka yanke shawarar gudanar da kara aikin wajen halittar kayan aikin, wanda zai iya bude wuta al'ada bawo a 32 km, kuma jet - 42 km.

A shekara ta 1971, Grau samar updated bukatun ci gaba da ACS. Yana da aka zaci cewa shigarwa zai yi amfani da Shots daga howitzer B-4. A wannan lokacin, riga ya yanke shawarar cewa matsakaicin harbe-harben kewayon al'ada bawo kasance a cikin tsari na da nisan kilomita 35, kuma da m - 8.5 km. Amsawa harsasai ya buga wani manufa a nesa daga sama zuwa 43 km. Babban kamfanin alhakin ci gaba, aka nada zuwa Kirov Shuka a Birnin Leningrad.

Development of wani manyan bindigogi naúrar aka sanya wa G. I. Sergeevym. Kamfaninsa ya tsaya a kan gargajiya makirci na kida, amma masana sun samarwa da canza tsarin m. Babban alama - gangar jikin ya zama collapsible, ire zane. Yana kunshi wani free bututu, breech matosai da couplings. Irin wannan bindigogi makirci miƙa talented m gunsmith A. A. Kolokoltsev a farkon 70s.

Saboda haka ya yanke shawarar zuwa duniya matsala na zamani manyan bindigogi tsarin, wajen rage yawan lalacewa a lokacin m harbe-harben. Idan ya zo ga classic bindigogi, wanda aka sanya na daya-yanki juna, sa'an nan a gyara su asusun aika zuwa factory, lokacin da lokacin da inji shi ne rago, da cewa a cikin fama da yanayi ne unacceptable. A cikin hali na yin amfani da Kolokoltseva makirci kusan duk lalacewar za a iya gyarawa kai tsaye a cikin gaban zone.

A shekarar 1975, da kai-propelled gun "Peony" ya samu nasarar wuce duk jihar gwaje-gwaje, sa'an nan nan da nan fara ta taro samar. Karshe taro (da kuma samar da shasi) ya za'ayi a wuraren na Kirov factory. sabon "Peony" da aka ci gaba a cikin marigayi 1970s. Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi naúrar da 203-millimeter igwa 2A44 samu harafin "M" ga sunan. Duk da haka, wannan ba wata ƙasa cin: wani sabon kayan aiki da nufin shigar a kan warships.

The aikin ne a total gazawar ya bayyana yarda a matsayin jiragen ruwa management bai gamsu da wasu zane fasali.

Design fasali

The inji frame ne kyawawan m siffar, da ɗan kama da cewa na gandun daji skidders. Irin wannan tunani ne da aka halitta sun fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa gida ƙungiya dauka fitar da nisa gaba. Bugu da kari to ta kai tsaye ayyuka, shi ke taka rawar da wani nauyi counterweight, wanda taimaka jimre da gagarumin karfi recoil. A cikin shi akwai sojan igwa, kwamandan da direba. A gida yi, biyu-Layer makamai da aka farko amfani da samar da ACS shasi, wanda ya samar da isasshen kariya daga ƙungiya daga kananan makamai wuta ma'aikata, har ma da na'ura bindigogi.

A engine (V-dimbin yawa B-46-1) aka located nan da nan bayan da taksi. Bãya gare shi akwai wani wuri domin lissafi na tsarin aiki. A drive ƙafafun aka shirya a gaban. Shiryar da ƙafafun, ban da ta primary aiki, kuma yi aikin counter, faduwa a kasa kafin harbe-harben. Bugu da kari, don rage mataki na iko recoil gun bayar da coulters kanta. Ga wani mai sauri "kasa" da na'ura a ƙasa akwai wani inji na entrenchment. Ya aiki a kudi na kai dauke na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuators.

Mabudin for entrenchment tsara kamar dozer ruwa. Yana za a iya dug a cikin ƙasa 70 santimita. Stability ne ma inganta, ba wai kawai saboda da jagora ƙafafun, amma kuma ta wajen na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers jagora rollers crawler shasi. Lokacin da kora da rage yawan cajin, kazalika kai tsaye wuta mabudin ba dole ba ne saukar da. Duk da haka, 203 mm "Peony" samar da iko harbi da cewa ya kamata su yi haka ne kawai a cikin yanayin kwatsam taron tare da abokan gaba.

Bayyanar da jiki yayi kama da "akwatin", raba da partitions cikin hudu main zones: wani wuri ga ikon shuka da kuma kula da module, abinci da kuma sarari ga lissafi. A engine sashe ne ba kawai babban mota, amma kuma da jiran aiki ikon naúrar. A aft daki babbaka kayayyakin batura, gwangwani na ajiye stock na man fetur da kuma harsasai ga sirri kare kai ƙungiya. Irin wannan m zane na "Peony".

shasi

Ya kunshi na gaban ƙafafun (top) waƙa nadi a cikin adadin bakwai ma'aurata, kazalika da shida nau'i-nau'i daga rollers goyon baya. Domin musayar kudi da kwanciyar hankali ne ma a raya jagora ƙafafun. Larvae tattara ta amfani da roba hinges. A zaman kanta dakatar sanye take da iko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa buga absorbers. Yana da muhimmanci cewa mafi yawan shasi da aka aro a latest a lokacin da T-80. Duk da haka, inji watsa dauka daga Nizhny Tagil T-72.

Features kayan aikin

Kamar yadda muka riga ya ce, shi yana a muhallinsa kai tsaye a jiki hasumiyar akwai. Ta 2A44 igwa saka a kan wani m swivel. gun jiki nauyi ya 14.6 m. hada da rufe (fistan type, ya buɗe sama), da ganga shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma caji na'urar, inji, quenching rollback. Alhakin da tip juyawa da dagawa na'urar dawo kasu biyu pneumatic counterbalancing irin inji. Ganga makami rufe zafi diffusing murfin.

Amma babban alama na gun ba a wannan. Duk da makokinsu ikon harbi, m masana sun fi so su bari a yi amfani da wani muzzle birki, tunanin karfi ya dawo a cikin sauran hanyoyi da matsala. Shi ya sanya shi yiwu ta yi watsi da nauyi da kuma ƙato na'urorin don kare ma'aikatan jirgin daga buga kalaman harbi, tun da irin wannan kayan ne kadan. Af, wannan ne kawai shigarwa na irinsa, wanda yana da Rasha manyan bindigogi. "Peony" a wannan batun ne musamman a duniya sharuddan.

makamai lissafi

Ga dalilai na wani yiwu kai ƙungiya ne dauke da makamai irin sa: MPADS ( "allura" ko "Willow" a cikin rãyuwar embodiment), da RPG-7 (ko da wani RPG-29), da dama gurnetin F-1, hudu AKMS-74 da kuma walƙiya gun. A wani fama halin da ake ciki lissafi iya hannu sama na kullum. Saboda haka, "Peony" (203 mm) - a kai-propelled gun wanda za a iya fend wa kansu a cikin wani yanayi.

rufe inji

Nasarawa rufe inji - da tasiri irin. Inji drive damar zuwa gaba daya sanya aiki da kai tafiyar matakai na bude da kuma rufe da rufe (da lissafi iya yi da hannu idan da ake bukata). Tun da yawa daga cikin cikakkun bayanai na wannan na'urar ne quite nauyi, da kwararru da hannu a cikin zane na tasiri gun daidaita na'urar. Harbe-harben inji sanye take da wani musamman mujallar a cikin abin da ake located da harbe-harben kwantena zargin.

Harbi za a iya yi ko dai ta hanyar wani lantarki rufe (al'ada mode) da kuma wani lanyard (niyya matsayi), wanda kuma sanye take da "Peony". Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi naúrar, duk da haka, yana da makamashi sosai Shots cewa amfani da ikon igiyar ba da shawarar a yi wasa da shi.

The domin na loading da kuma harbe-harben

Igwa manned ta Semi-atomatik loading tsarin aiki ta hanyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuators. Recent damar caji kusan duk wani matsayi na ganga, wanda shi ne musamman da muhimmanci ga tsarin ba da wannan size da kuma zamo. A dukan tsari ne sarrafawa da guda m. Caji tsari ne kamar haka:

• Da farko, a cikin aron kusa aka sanya wani harsashi.
• Bayan da aka sanya dagawa cajin.
• Daga cikin muka ambata a sama kwantena mujallar dauka hula da hannu saka a cikin cajin.
• Rufe rufe.
• Bayan da harbi da amfani da kwantena tube an fitad da ta atomatik.

Domin sauƙi na harsasai daga ƙasa ta amfani da musamman hannunka truck for bawo. Ya ƙunshi wani ikon tara da m gadon ɗauka maras lafiya. A karshe an cire daga cikin firam zuwa sauƙaƙe da hadaya daga bawo da caja jam'iyya. A gaggawa lokuta, za ka iya mika-kawo su don rage caji lokaci. Ka lura da cewa ciyar da bawo daga ƙasa na bukatar a kalla mutane shida a kan tushen da na'ura "pion" (203 mm). Kai-propelled gun 2S7 bukatar wani sosai m projectiles, aikin da yake da wuya matuƙa.

Sighting tsarin da aka wakilta wani inji model D726-45 embodiment, PG-1m gun kwanon rufi, da kuma wani Tantancewar sighting na'urar OP4M-99A. Domin mafi kyau-kori-kura amfani da manyan bindigogi collimator K-1, kazalika da milestone Sat 13-11 da kuma na'ura for lighting yankunan "Luch-S71M" (ya sau da yawa yana amfani da Rasha manyan bindigogi). "Peony" iya daidai da kyau a yi amfani da kamar rufaffiyar matsayi, da kuma ta hanyar kai tsaye wuta kan abokan gaba wurare. Duk da haka, ba da low tsaro saituna ba da shawara wannan.

Harsasai da kuma harbi halaye

Kamar yadda muka ce, ga harbi kai-propelled gun "Peony" yana amfani da mai raba loading projectiles. Korar cajin cushe a cikin kwantena lilin da kuma adana a wani shãfe haske kunshin. Hakika, cewa su ajiya kamata biya musamman da hankali ga (unsurprisingly). Standard harsasai kunshi 40 akai-akai, da kuma kawai 4-6 daga gare su, suna hawa a cikin yãƙi daki kai-propelled.

Su ne "gaggawa ajiye", da kuma amfani da su ne kawai dole a cikin matsanancin. Sauran Shots hawa a kan wani kai da mota, wanda "sanye take da" kowane "Peony" (203 mm). Kai-propelled gun 2S7 riga ma m da nauyi, don haka da cewa wannan bambanci ne m.

Rate na 1.5 Shots da minti (matsakaicin). M samar da dama yiwu harbi halaye:

• A cikin minti biyar, da shi za a iya sanya game da takwas Shots.
• Minti goma - 15 Shots.
• A cikin minti 20 - 24 Salvo.
• Domin rabin awa - 30 Shots (impracticable a filin yanayi, shi bukatar da mafi horo na lissafi).
• Sa'a daya - 40 volleys.

Domin gudanar da ayyukan soji a dare kai-propelled gun 2S7 "pion" sanye take da biyu dare hangen nesa model TVNE-4B. Alhakin sadarwar rediyo R-123, domin wayar teleho na cikin gida amfani 1V116 iri tashar. Domin inganta survivability na kai-propelled bindigogi a fagen yaƙi, akwai a cikin zane: shigarwa na atomatik wuta extinguishing na'urar ga iska tacewa da kuma samun iska deactivation tsarin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya fara da za a yi amfani a dukkan sabuwar Soviet tankuna. Crew wasu ta'aziyya a hunturu yanayi da aka halitta ta amfani da dumama tsarin.

A cikin duka, da ƙungiya daga ACS hada da mutane 14 a lokaci daya. Haka kuma, kawai rabin su ne kai tsaye lissafi na da kafuwa. Sauran mutanen da kunshe a cikin software tawagar, da kuma a kan Maris suna located a baya na wani truck ko wani Armoured Personnel Carrier, wanda transports tarin harsasai, da kuma su bukãtõci "Peony". Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi naúrar ba da gangan buƙaci wararriyar kai ga ammonium.

harsasai

kowane dako taro na kilo 110. Tsawon - daidai da daya mita. Caji ne da za'ayi amfani da musamman caji inji, wanda a cikin aiki matsayi aka located a gefen dama na aron kusa gun. A gwani wanda ke hulda da samar da harsashi aikin wannan aiki da ramut.

An sani cewa manyan bindigogi ( "Peony") zai iya amfani da kawai iri uku harsasai: al'ada (high-m mataki), roka da kuma makaman nukiliya. Ikon iya wuce fiye da 2 KT (ba m data). Makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami, ta hanyar, su ne "ya kira katin", wanda aka halin Rasha manyan bindigogi. "Peony" da aka dauke da makamai musamman Shots for watse kankare kufaifan da kuma sinadaran warheads.

Tsakanin high-m da kuma wani makami mai linzami selection ne da za'ayi kai tsaye kafin fama amfani, bisa ga hali. A ra'ayi na imbin ikon gun Shots biyu main iri za a iya amfani, domin lalata iko fortifications, don haka da cewa na musamman bunkers don kawar da zargin da ake sau da yawa bar sauran.

Duk da haka, da suka shakka ya kamata ba za "a rubuce kashe". Just kwatanta da dako da cewa buga manufa a gudun fiye da Mach 2! Ya sauƙi ratsa har sosai m ganuwar duk da kufaifan, kazalika da bango silos da intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami, wanda ba ya dauki saba manyan bindigogi. "Peonies", haka, suna da matukar iko da kuma m irin makamai.

Wasu Muhimman Points

Makaman nukiliya za a iya amfani kawai (!) Tare da izinin Koli umurninSa. Suna kawo wa wurin da baturi a cikin na musamman manyan motoci, da kuma duk a hanya da abin hawa da aka kiyaye shi ta wani rakiya. Soja rukunan shafi yin amfani da bawo ga cikakken kawar da musamman manyan abokan yawa da kuma halakar ta masana'antu da cibiyoyin.

Amma ga sinadaran akai-akai, to, suna a yanzu gaba daya dakatar da dacewa MDD doka. Yana da hadari a ce a yau, harbe-harben harsasai da irin wannan shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba, domin su hannun jari da aka cikakken amfani.

A lokacin, da Rasha, sojoji yana da biyu bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan na'ura a cikin sabis. Wadannan su ne wadannan model: Sau 2S7 "pion", 2S7M "Malka". 203 mm kai-propelled gun a duka nau'in sigar musamman m makami, wanda shi ne iya sadar da m maƙiyi da matsaloli da yawa.