Pragmatism a falsafa (W. James, Charles Peirce, John Dewey)

Pragmatism a falsafa babu a cikin 70-ies na XIX karni, da ainihin ra'ayin da ya kwarara da aka sanya by Charles Pierce. Pragmatists yi imani da cewa mai cikakken sauya falsafa, bar ta ginu akai, kuma Ya ƙaddara yi amfani da nasu da fuskantar al'amarin rayuwar ɗan Adam. Da muhimman hakkokin ra'ayin da ya kwarara - wani m hali zuwa rayuwa na kowane mutum. Pragmatism a falsafa, a takaice, tayi ciyar ba lokacin da za a warware matsaloli msar tambayar cewa da kõme ba yi da gaskiya, da kuma sha'awar kawai a adam, da gaggawa matsaloli da kuma la'akari da kome daga mahangar nasu amfani. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da kafa da motsi ya Charlz Pirs. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa falsafar rukunan ba ta kasance hananna kawai ga pragmatism kuma ta gaskata. Pearce ya ce tunani wajibi ne kawai domin samar da ci imani, cewa shi ne mai m shirye su yi aiki a wasu hanya, a kowane hali. Ilimi a falsafar - wannan ba wani mika mulki daga jahilci zuwa ilimi, da kuma motsi na shakka zuwa ĩmãnin yaƙĩni ba. Pearce ya yi imanin cewa mai imani gaskiya ne a cikin taron cewa wani mataki dangane da shi, sakamakon wani m kasa line. A ake kira "manufa na Peirce" ma'anar duk pragmatism a falsafa, da dukan jigon mutum ideas m da real (m) sakamakon cewa za a iya koya daga gare su. Har ila yau daga Pierce bada bi ta uku na asali ra'ayoyi na yankunan:

• Tunanin ne da rabo daga wani kayadadden m gamsuwa.
• gaskiya - wannan shi ne abin da aka nuna a cikin wani nau'i na m sakamakon.
• abubuwa - wani sa na m sakamakon.

Uilyam Dzheyms, mai bin ra'ayoyin na Peirce ce cewa kowane mutum yana da nasa falsafa. A gaskiya shi ne da yawa-gefe, da kuma kowane mutum ta ji da kansa hanya, da kuma tara daga dukan wadannan hanyoyin da sakamakon, a cikin halittar wani pluralistic ra'ayinmu game da duniya. Gaskiya - shi ne cewa mafi abubuwa dace don wani musamman halin da ake ciki a rayuwa, kuma mafi m tare da kwarewa kowane mutum. Pragmatism falsafa James kuma gina a kan ji na gaskiya, kamar yadda wani abu da ciwon m embodiment. Ya shahara quote: "Gaskiya - shi ne mai katin bashi, wanda yana aiki ne kawai a wasu yanayi."

Modern Yammacin falsafa pragmatism Dzhona Dyui dauke a matsayin ciwon mafi girma da tasiri a kan koyarwar dukkan wuraren sauka a Amirka. Dewey jãyayya da cewa falsafar Halicci dimokaradiyya a kasar. Ya ɓullo da ka'idar kimiyya da bincike, amma kimiyya a koyarwarsa - a Hanyar da wanda mutane sama mafi dace mataki. Makasudin ilimi na duniya ne ba zai yiwu ba. Tsarawa - da aiki baki na batun a cikin bincike tsari, da gwaji da abu. A tunani amfani da su warware matsala yanayi. Reality aka halitta a kan aiwatar da bincike a fannin kimiyya. Daban-daban kayayyakin na ayyukan al'umma (dokokin, ideas) bai gani gaskiya da kuma bauta ga samar da m amfãni a wani musamman halin da ake ciki.