Popigai bakin dutse a Siberia (photo)

Planet Duniya ya akai-akai "zub" meteor ruwan sama. Bayan fall da babbar meteor, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa barshi cikin ƙasa jinsin burbushi - astrobleme babban girma dabam. Masana kimiyya sun yi nazari game da 150 babbar "star rauni" tare da diamita oscillating a cikin kewayon 25-500 kilomita.

Quite babban asteroid lan wasa da shi dauke Popigai bakin dutse, located a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Most diamita shi ne ranked huɗu. Popigai astrobleme - tunawa yanayi a kan wani planetary sikelin, wanda shi ne a karkashin UNESCO kariya.

Location Popigai bakin dutse

Game da miliyan 35 da suka wuce a Siberia, a arewacin Anabar Shield, inda Yakutia iyaka da Irkutsk yankin, ƙasar da etched monolithic giant wani sarari suKe jiki a cikin siffar wani Silinda. Tsãgewar ƙwãyar duniya ta surface a Popigaj tasa meteor barin wata babbar gaping bakin dutse zurfin 150 mita.

Popigai asteroid bakin dutse, inda a can ne na musamman da filin na baki Diamonds, bautarka ɓangare na arewa maso gabashin expanses na Krasnodar yankin. A gabas na lan wasa miƙa zuwa Yakutia. Na samu wani m astroblems diamita na 100 kilomita a shekarar 1949 AD Kozhevin.

A tsarin da bakin dutse Popigai

Popigai astrobleme - a wajen manyan zobe tsarin. Shi ne mai hade da zobba da kuma ovals. Wannan "Star rauni" kama wani madauwari depressions. mazurari kai zurfin 200-400 mita. Its ciki sarari ne partially cika da quaternary Sands da gravels.

The m zobe daga cikin mazurari ya kai wani nisa na 20-25 kilomita. Its kwamitin hada da sedimentary kankara. Sun sha wahala mai tsanani nakasawa sakamakon daga centrifugal thrusts da radial samu karaya da manyan mawadãta matsugunninsu.

A diamita na ciki da mazurari - 45 kilomita. An kafa ta kiwon da zobe da burbushi na feat. Irfan. Ana iya gani halaka da kuma gilashin inclusions. Yana kafa iko farin ciki Layer na manna-kamar abu.

Popigai bakin dutse Yakutia yana da wani core Layer folded impactites. Its kauri ne game da biyu kilomita. Friable kayan na daban-daban size lumps da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa kafa allogeneic breccias da ikon 150 mita. Impactites kafa gilashi, Fused gneiss da kuma ma'adanai.

Meteor fashe matsa lamba tare a cibiyar 105 pascals da zazzabi game da 2000 ⁰ C. Wannan sa a gaskiyar cewa gneiss narke zuwa wani ruwa jihar. The m taro, yada radially a high gudun, zobe Tsarin kafa. Kunno kai daga tsakiyar jiragen sama da kuma a qarqashinsu, suna sahu tare da kasa da mazurari.

Wuce yarda da karfi tasiri na wani asteroid a ƙasa ya kai ga samuwar na tsakiyar karfafa. Sa'an nan kumburi karu da inertia har bakin dutse ciko tukuna faru, da kuma na roba samu karfi ne isa.

Features astrobleme

A yankin da suke kewaye da bakin dutse Popigai kusan inda ba wanda yake zaune. A arewa maso yammacin astrobleme ne wani karamin kauye da wannan sunan - Popigaj. Akwai har yanzu ba girma itatuwa, duk da cewa tuddai an tsaurara su ga shekaru ashirin bayan da lõkacin fatara daga ma'adinai.

Stony placers suna warwatse underfoot, kamar yashi. Soft partially weathered kankara. Dalilin wannan - da motsi na da up-saukar yadudduka. Tsakanin calcareous tarkace kafa zurfin cavities.

Sa'an nan sami mai kyau samar da ruwa. Aquifers faruwa a zurfin daya mita. Ruwa daskarewa a cikin cavities, da inganta harkokin "tapped" yadudduka. Popigai meteorite bakin dutse - wani wuri inda kasar gona samu a probing da Magnetic anomaly. Yiwu, akwai faruwa wani gami da na baƙin ƙarfe-dauke da abubuwa.

Jarrabawa "Great Hutu"

A 1970, masana kimiyya, bisa nazarin da tsirara kankara, sediments wanda sun sha wahala tasiri narkewa da kuma, kawar da, hypothesized astrobleme meteoric asalin. Kamar yadda masu bincike, da cosmic jiki ya fadi a cikin Siberian ƙasar a cikin shekaru Eocene-Oligocene nau'i nau'i taron. "Great Hutu" faru lokaci guda tare da samuwar astrobleme.

Bakin dutse - cikin hanyar nukiliya hunturu

Masana kimiyya sun nasaba da m teku dabbobi tare da fall na meteorite. Sun yi imani da cewa auku wani sarari suKe jiki ne dalilin mutuwar toothed Whales, Shellfish da tẽku urchins maimakon yanayin damina. Wannan asteroid - babban mai kara kuzari na wannan mummunan abu a cikin yanayi. Ya fall sa nukiliya hunturu, inda suka kashe dabbobi.

Fuskanci ƙasa, da babbar sarari jikinsu suna tilasta su kafa barbashi cikin yanayi. Hasken rana nuna daga cikin barbashi take kaiwa zuwa wani duniya sanyaya. Masana kimiyya bincikar isotopes na oxygen, carbon, da kuma sauran abubuwa constituting takwarorina-Eocene dutse, da kuma sun gano cewa, a lokacin da ya samo asali Popigai bakin dutse a Siberia, akwai wani na ba zato canji na yanayin damina. A sauyin yanayi na rigar da dumi ya bushe da sanyi.

Kimiyya karatu sun tabbatar da cewa cosmic karo faru instantaneous shigowa na kankanin barbashi sulfur. Su infest da yanayi, karfe reflectors na haske da zafin rana. Canje-canje a cikin sauyin yanayi sun kai ga m sakamakon - bacewar yawa jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke.

Sashen nazarin da bakin dutse

Bayan ganowa Popigai bakin dutse da aka shafin na bincike aiki. Geologists sun samu akwai biyu manyan lu'u-lu'u ajiya. A filin "Rock" ya auku 140, kuma a cikin "karo" - 7 milliardov carats.

Diamonds nan ne sakamakon wani gajeren daukan hotuna zuwa musamman high yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lambar ganin a kwal da kuma graphite. Diamond samu a basaltic kankara, ba na musamman da sunan - Yakutia.

Har zuwa 2012, bayanai game da Black Diamond aka ba bayyana. Nan da nan bayan da aka gano na adibas na bayanai game da su tallace kamar yadda asiri, da kuma nazari samu da lu'u-lu'u placer tsaya. Masana sun kiyasta cewa mafi riba don ci gaba da samar da roba Diamonds fiye da cire da kuma aiwatar halitta duwatsu. Bugu da kari, geologists yi magana game da baki lu'u-lu'u kamar wannan: duwatsu, wanda da nauyi-taƙawa, ba su dace da ado da aiki, su ne manufa domin sanding aiki.

Geologists binciko Popigai bakin dutse tsunduma a dutse hakowa. Samfurori da aka cire daga rijiyoyin zuwa zurfin 1.7 kilomita. A halin yanzu, a yankin na watsi da kauyen Faro game da dubu ton na tsakiya a warwatse a kan ƙasa.

balaguro 2013

Interest a cikin lu'u-lu'u placers astrobleme Popigaj farfado kwanan nan. A shekarar 2013, wani balaguro da aka aika zuwa bakin dutse. A sakamakon sabon karatu sun zama abin mamaki. Kintace sa masana kimiyya ya yi imani da cewa Rasha Federation ne iya derail da duniya lu'u-lu'u kasuwar.

Yiwuwa ga lu'u-lu'u adibas Popigaj

Duk da ƙẽtare haddi a sa'an na lu'u-lu'u placers, hako ma'adinai da ya rage wani babban tambaya. Ko da yake mai arziki a cikin Diamonds warwatse a zahiri a ƙafa, Popigai bakin dutse hotuna wanda aka sanya daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, samar da su, shi dai itace, shi ne har yanzu ba ta fuskar tattalin arziki m.

A daya hannun, babu bukatar sa mahakar, m adibas sauƙi tono excavators. A kan sauran - su hakar ma'adinai derail ba kawai duniya kasuwar na masana'antu Diamonds, amma kuma da Rasha da tattalin arziki, ma. Bayan duk, Rasha - karfi player a cikin lu'u-lu'u kasuwar.

Kada sauri tare da baki lu'u-lu'u hakar ma'adinai ma saboda su placers ne ma nisa daga hanya, su aka ba kawota tare da wutar lantarki, da aikin zai yi ya yi a cikin matsananci halin wurare. Industrial ababen more rayuwa za su bukatar babbar zuba jari.

Basaltic lawa, arziki a Diamonds, don haka da wuya cewa shi ba zai iya rike yankan kayan aikin. Domin hakar duwatsu da ake bukata m hanyoyin fasaha da kuma kayan aiki, duba aikin, dakin gwaje-gwaje gwajen.

Wadannan al'amurran da tsanani kudi da kuma kungiya da matsaloli da kuma suna tilasta su gama marasa amfani baki ɗaya lu'u-lu'u hakar ma'adinai. Amma ko da idan riba na hakar ma'adinai za su zama fili, ba da gaskiya cewa duwatsu tsayinsa. Bayan duk, duniya tunawa Popigaj kare ta UNESCO.