Savannah: gona, ciyayi da kuma dabbobi. Abin da kasa fi yawa a cikin Savannah?

Savannah - wata halitta yankin tare da predominance na herbaceous ciyayi a kan ja lateritic kasa. Wannan sashi na halitta hadaddun (PC) An rarraba tsakanin ruwan sama gandun daji da kuma Semi-Hamada. Fiye da 40% na Afirka ta yanki ne shagaltar da sararin expanses na Savannah. Kasa suna kafa a karkashin m tsayi ciyayi da predominance na hatsi, da itatuwa da kuma rare lokutta thickets shrubs.

wurare masu zafi da gandun daji steppe

Savannah, fãce Afirka, su ne na kowa a Australia da India. Don irin wannan ne PC campos Llanos da kuma a kan babban yankin Kudancin Amirka. Sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da savanna gandun daji-steppe na temperate sashi na Eurasia. Akwai wasu kamance, amma akwai fiye da bambance-bambance. Babban fasali cewa faye hali Savannah:

• gona da low humus abun ciki.
• xeromorphic herbaceous ciyayi.
• itatuwa da kuma shrubs tare da umbellate kambi.
• arziki da kuma bambancin fauna (sabanin Steppe, shi ne kiyaye).

Campos - Brazil savanna Filato - kafa ta daban-daban na shuka al'umma. Cerrados ne halin gaban low-girma itatuwa da kuma shrubs. Limpos siffofin tsayi steppe. Llanos a garesu daga cikin Orinoco River a kudancin Amirka an rufe tare da m ciyawa da mutum kungiyoyin bishiyoyi (itatuwan dabino).

Afirka Savannah. Gona da kuma sauyin yanayi

Tropical gandun daji area daukan kan zafi nahiyar, game da 40% na ƙasa.
A Arewa Hemisphere Savannah isar semideserts a latitud 16-18 °, a hankali dace to tafkin Chadi da granulated sugar. Iyaka da yankin na PC zuwa kudu ne Tropic of Capricorn. Savannah filayen zauna sarari, ya kuma tashi zuwa wani babba tsawo a cikin gabashin Afrika tudu.

A m iri sauyin yanayi - sub-Equatorial da wurare masu zafi. Shin fili rarrabe a ko'ina cikin shekara biyu yanayi - rigar da bushe. damana an rage lokacin da motsi daga ekweita da yammacin sahara daga 7-9 up to 3-4 watanni. A watan Janairu, lokacin da shi ne rigar kakar a Arewa Hemisphere, a Kudancin m fara. Total danshi kai 800-1200 mm / shekara. moisturizing factor - kasa da 1 (kasa hazo). Raba rabo wahala daga wanda bai isa ruwa ci (K _uvl kasa 0,5-0,3).

Abin da irin gona a savanna aka kafa a cikin irin wannan yanayi? A damana, na gina jiki an wanke maida da ruwa a cikin ƙananan sãsanni. Lokacin da yana da rani, akwai akasin sabon abu - gona bayani yakan.

ciyayi da irin da kuma sauyin yanayi

Bayan samun danshi, na wurare masu zafi gandun daji-steppe a Afirka da rai. Yellow-kasa-kasa tabarau bushe stalks an maye gurbinsu da Emerald kore. Girma da ganye a kan itatuwa da kuma bushes, wanda kika aika ganye a sau na fari, da ciyawa ne hanzari mĩƙe ta, wani lokacin kai 3 mita tsawo. Gona da Flora da fauna da Savannah na Afirka da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauyin yanayi. A zazzabi yanayi da kuma danshi dogara ne a kan yanki wuri.

Kusa da gefen Rainforest damana yana game 9 months. Akwai aka kafa tsayi-Savannah. kungiyoyin na itãce, kuma shrubs mafi yawa. Akwai mimosa da na itatuwan dabino, wanda ya samar da kwaruruka na gudãna gallery gandun daji. The mafi ban sha'awa jinsunan Flora savanna - da BAOBAB. Tree akwati sau da yawa ya kai 45 da mita a cikin karkara.

Kamar yadda nesa daga ekweita da kuma kusa da yammacin sahara lokacin damana an rage, ci gaba da hankula Savannah. Border tare da Semi-hamada yanki danshi samun watanni 3 a shekara. Ciyayi, wanda aka kafa a karkashin bushe yanayi, yana nufin hamada irin Savannah. A 50 ° C, shi ya bambanta kadan daga cikin hamada. Arewa kasashen Afirka kira wadannan halitta yankunan "Sahel", da mutane daga Afirka ta Kudu - "daji".

Abin da kasa fi yawa a cikin Savannah

Tropical gandun daji gona - ja-kasa-kasa launi, wanda ya ba shi wani baƙin ƙarfe fili. Domin irin wannan halin da low humus abun ciki - daga 1.5 zuwa 3%. A tsakiyar ɓangare na profile ƙunshi lãka a kasa m illuvial-calcareous ƙasa sararin sama. Aka ambata a sama su ne siffofin halayyar gabashin Afrika, da yankin arewacin kasar Australia nahiyar, da kuma wasu yankuna na kudancin Amirka.

Abin da ƙasa a cikin Savannah kafa dogara a kan irin humidification. A isasshe jinkiri bushe humus accumulates saboda a hankali a hankali bazuwar da ciyayi. More tati a bushe savannas na Afirka, da kuma matakan da Kudancin Amirka. A yau da kullum moistening a kan surface hatsi tsarin da aka kafa, ko harsashi (m ɓawon burodi).

-daban na kasar gona

A cikin audio zone da dama daban-daban na halitta ruwan sama ya bambanta a tsawon bushe lokaci. Ƙasa fasali da kuma yanayin damina bar su da alãmarsu a kan irin savanna ciyayi. Kasa suna kafa ta hulda da duk abubuwa na halitta hadaddun. Ga misali, da shuka ya zauna a cikin gumi gandun daji ba su da lokacin da za a decompose, na gina jiki da ake wanke bãya nauyi ruwan sama.

Idan aka kwatanta da ja da rawaya ferrallitic gandun daji kasa da Equatorial bel a savannas tara mafi humus. Godiya ga bushe lokaci mai nauyin bazuwar na shuka sharan kuma humus. Intermediate irin - ja ferralitic substrates m-gumi gandun daji. Karkashin hatsi savannas ne, yafi located lateritic da m-kasa-kasa kasa. A karkashin irin wannan bushe halitta yanki kafa ta baki gona. Yayinda muke zuwa cikin hamada yankuna, suna maye gurbinsu da wani m-kasa-kasa kasa. Bright brownish ko tubali-ja launi zama ƙasa saboda jari na baƙin ƙarfe ions.

A fauna daga cikin Savannah

Abin mamaki shine arziki da kuma bambancin fauna na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji. Akwai wakilan duk fauna kungiyoyin. Gizo-gizo, da kunamai, da macizai, da giwaye, hippos da dorina, daji Boars da ake samu a Savannah abinci, mafaka daga zafin rana, ko ruwan sama. Ko'ina falalen maginin Tsarin gara Cones, enlivening wani lebur surface Savannah. Zauna cikin ƙasa gizo-gizo da kuma kananan hakori a cikin ciyawa kullum ji noises - scurry macizai da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe. Manyan da yara - zaki, damisa - smartly boye a high ciyawa, don kai farmaki azabtar kwatsam.

Jiminai ne m: tsayi da kuma dogon wuya damar da m tsuntsu a lokacin da za a gani da hatsari da kuma boye kansa. Mafi yawa daga cikin mazaunan Savannah gudu daga yara a jirgin. Tafiya mai nisa hoofed herbivorous dabbobi: zebras, bareyi, barewa, Buffaloes. Rakumin dawa gracefully cinye m ganye a kan tallest itatuwa, kuma a kan gaba daga cikin tabkuna a cikin thickets ciyawa juya kan clunky behemoths.

Noma a Savannah zone da Woodlands

Manyan yankunan na wurare masu zafi gandun daji a Australia da kuma Kudancin Amirka suna shagaltar ga waje kiwo da kuma namo auduga, masara, kirki ba. A Indiya da aikin noma, Afirka kuma yi amfani da savannas da Woodlands. Kasa ne ja-kasa-kasa a lokacin da m m da kuma dace handling. Low al'adun aikin noma da kuma da rashin ƙasar reclamation ya kai ga ci gaban da yashewa tafiyar matakai. Sahelian sashi na Afirka shi ne wani yankin na zamani da kwararowar hamada ya sa ta a hade da na halitta da kuma anthropogenic dalilai.

ƙasa kiyayewa matsaloli Savannah

Afirka yanayi ya canjãwa ƙarƙashin rinjayar mutum: gandun daji suna sare, swings bude Savannah. Ciyayi da kuma dabbobi suna fuskantar da mummunan tasiri na anthropogenic dalilai. Rage lambobi na yara da su ganima da aka barazana yawan mannyan birai. Take hakkin vegetative murfin a lokacin plowing ko Savannah deforestation kaiwa zuwa wani m rage daraja na kasar gona. Livni blur babba m Layer fallasa m taro na lãka, da baƙin ƙarfe mahadi. An cemented ƙarƙashin rinjayar high iska yanayin zafi. Irin mamaki faruwa a yankunan da m aikin noma da kuma kiwo. Red-kasa-kasa kasa na Savannah bukatar kariya da kuma maido kan manyan yankunan a kasashe masu tasowa na Afirka da kuma Latin Amurka.