Pontian Helenawa - wanda shi ne wannan? A tarihin Pontic Helenawa

Pontian Helenawa - wani wakilin Greek ethnos, wanda ya kasance a cikin mutane dogon kafin zuwan wani sabon zamanin ƙware da Black Sea Coast (a Greek - Fantas). Da farko, su m yarjejeniya ne a kan arewa Coast na Turkey, da kuma kawai sai suka yada duk kan Black Sea.

Pontic Helenawa - su waye ne?

Pont - tarihi sunan yankin a Asiya Ƙananan. Geographically, shi lullube daga kan iyaka na Azerbaijan da Turkey, crosses dukan Turkish Coast da kuma ƙare a kan layi birane Nikopol - Akdagma Denis. Ta yaya Greek natsuwa sun kasance haka da nisa daga m tsibirin na mahaifarsa?

A zamanin d Helenawa kafa kansu a matsayin kyau kwarai yan kasuwa da kuma mulkin mallaka. Su gida kasar sãɓã wa jũna kadan gona da duwatsu ƙasa. Wannan halitta sharadi gwargwado ga dabbobi, amma manoman da wuya sau - hanzari duwatsu kasa kawo wani kananan amfanin gona, wanda ya kawai isa ya ciyar da iyãlanku. Kamar yadda himma masu, Helenawa ba ci gaba notoriously marasa amfani baki ɗaya noma, amma gano masu yiwuwa na marine albarkatun da cinikayya hanyoyi.

cinikayya hanyoyi

Pontian Helenawa - wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa da kuma ciniki. Ya kasance mai barka da bako a dukkan bankunan na ecumene. Helenawa rayayye zuba jari a cikin ci gaban da ta rundunar motoci, aza sabon hanyoyi domin cinikayya tare da m kabilu. Yana da yake a cikin filin na ajiya kayayyakin bayyana kananan ƙauyuka matuƙan da 'yan kasuwa suka tsunduma a harkokin ciniki a wuri tare da' yan asalin mutane da resold a tsadar m kaya a garuruwan kasar Girka, Asia Ƙananan da kuma Gabas ta Tsakiya.

na farko birni

A mafi tsufa da aka sani shiri na Pontic Helenawa samu a tekun na Asia Ƙananan, a birnin Militas. A 'yan dubun shekaru, Sabunta-IX ƙarni BC. e. akwai wata babbar Sinop, wanda a yanzu shi ne da lu'u-lu'u na Turkish Black Sea Coast. Sa'an nan, kamar namomin kaza bayan ruwan sama da wata alƙarya Amissos, Kotior, Kerasund da yawa wasu. Ancient Herodotus Ba abin mamaki sai su ce: cewa Pontic Helenawa zaunar a kusa da tekun Black Sea, kamar yadda frogs a kusa da gefuna da puddles. Wannan misãli daidai nuna manufofin da hanyoyin da sake ma su matsugunni da Helenawa.

Duk da wajen intrusive mulkin mallaka, babu manyan arangama da na gida kabilu bai faruwa. Pontic Helenawa san yadda za su yi magana da m mazauni ba ta da karfi, amma da specie. Irin wannan manufofin negate da'awar daga cikin shugabannin gida mutane - idan kowa tuhumce baƙi fi son biya kashe, ba a kan yãƙi. Pontic Helenawa kafa wani babban canji na dukiya - a cikin gida, suka dauke raw kayan da amfanin gona, da kuma a cikin m birni aika da man zaitun, da ruwan inabi, kumar kasko da handicrafts, kayan ado.

Addini da kuma al'adar Ponta

Yadda iya tabbatar da zaman daga gida talakawa wakilin wani tsoho mutane - Pontic Helenawa? Addini na natsuwa m kofe gaskatawar wata ƙasa mai nisa. Suka bauta wa duk m gumakan Olympus, amma suka yi nasu favorites.

Har yanzu, a kan tekun na Asia Ƙananan ne ragowar Haikalin Poseidon da Hamisa - majiɓinci, na teku, da kuma cinikayya. Pontic Helenawa da nasu hadisai. Alal misali, da yawa daga cikinsu ya zaɓi ya bayyana su asalin labari na Jason da Argonauts. Zai yiwu sosai Golden ulun a cikin wannan sanannen hadisin nuna alamar dũkiyar Black Sea yankin zuwa wannan sheepskin (ulun) - daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na cinikayya.

Al'adu da Art

Pontic Helenawa kishi kiyaye su ainihi da kuma shelar da kansa Hellene wakilin wayewa, kamar yadda tsayayya da dabbanci - da kewaye kabilu, wanda a wancan lokacin su a mataki na bazuwar tribal tsarin. The yawan mazauna don adana su ainihi kuma ya ba da duniya na musamman da mutane, wanda ya zama sananne a fannoni daban daban. Hadishi Diogenes, Diphilus siyasa Heracleides, Stravon. Tuni a farkon karni a tauhidin bayyana Vissarion sunayen da sauransu, da kuma sabon lokaci bayar sunaye kamar Karatzas, Ypsilanti, Muruzisov da sauransu.

A cikin sharuddan tarihi epochs

A lokacin da Aleksandra Makedonskogo yada Greek tasiri a kudancin Turkey - zamanin Hellenization. A zamanin mulkin Mithridates wannan tasiri ya har yanzu karfi - a Asiya Ƙananan arzuta su da harshen, halitta Monuments na gine-gine da kuma art.

A heyday na Roman Empire ya zama Kirista Pontic Helenawa. Godiya ga manzannin da Bulus da Peter gabashin wakilan mutãne sun kasance na farko da ya kafa da farkon Kirista al'ummomi da kuma furuci da Yesu Kristi a matsayin mai ceto su. A al'ummomi sun girma a cikin gidajen ibada, inda suka sami mafaka magoya bayan sabon addini.

Helenawa da Romawa ko?

A Byzantine sau da Pontic Helenawa halitta nasu lardin. A umurnin na Justinian ya zama babban birnin na Trebizond (Trabzon). Just to, a karo na biyu kai-Pontic Helenawa - Romawa, ma'ana "jama'a na Roma" - wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin Byzantine Empire a Gabas.

Relationship "hedkwatarsu-lardin" daura Fantas, da Konstantinoful har 1204, a lokacin da babban birnin kasar na Eastern Roman Empire rushewarta a karkashin mãsu alãma daga cikin Franks. Bayan wannan taswirar bayyana Nisaya jihar, wanda aka daga baya kunshe a cikin Empire of Trebizond. A kan ƙarni biyu da ta zama, da Empire kullum a yaki da kewaye kabilan ba bangaskiyar Kirista. Musamman karfi da farmaki gwamnatin na Romawa da Turks, wanda a 1461 nasara kuma washe Trebizond.

musulmi mulkin

Kame Trebizond nufi da faɗuwar rana da kuma farkon Kiristanci, da yaduwar addinin Musulunci a zamanin da ƙasar Pontian Helenawa. The kisan kiyashin, tashin hankali, Rikicin da kuma tilasta Addinin Musulunci karkashin zafi na rashi na rayuwa - da cewa shi ne abin da ya kawo Greek Turkish mulki. The tsira bar birnin, da makiyaya da kuma coci da kuma mayar da su cikin duwatsu dõmin tsõron addini tsananta. Amma a nan gaba, da Turkish hukumomi sanya wasu asasshe, kuma a yarda da Helenawa wajen samar da wasu iri samarwa - metallurgy da tukwane, misali.

Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni Pontic Helenawa zama daya daga cikin mafi ware mutanen Turkish Empire. Sun kusan ba zoba da sauran Kiristoci, amma ya rayu tare da Armenia da kuma Kurdawa. Suna fadin samar, handicraft da zaran ta girbi, tattara daga duwatsu, infertile ƙasar, ba jawo hankalin hankalin m generals da Koli Turkish jami'ai. Wata kila wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Helenawa gudanar da adana su harshe da al'adu, da fadada yankin na zama a cikin Caucasus yankin da kuma Crimea, kuma Ka riskar da duniya al'umma a cikin m al'adu 'yancin.

Wannan Jihar harkokin ci gaba har sai 1922, lokacin da Helenawa da aka fitar da su daga ƙasashe, wanda suka gani cikin 'yan'uwansa, domin shekaru.

fitar

Domin shekaru masu yawa, da Turkish hukumomi ba su amince da kisan kare dangi da kuma zalunci na Armenia. Amma 'yan mutane san cewa a cikin farkon karni na ashirin da aka tsananta da sauran Turkish mutane, ciki har da Pontian Helenawa. The kisan kare dangi na kabilanci da ya kai ga cikakken kawar da Helenawa da su daga ƙasar haihuwarmu, kuma su tilasta fitar da ƙasar Turkiya. Fiye da mutane 350 da dubu. Mutane sun kone a cikin majami'u da kuma haikalin, da tsira suka gudu, barin mallakarsu duka. May 19 ya da wani bakin ciki rana wannan al'umma. A sakamakon haka, Pontian Helenawa zaunar da su a yankuna da sauran jihohi. Su aka tilasta su bar mahaifarsa.

Pontic Helenawa a Rasha zauna a cikin ƙasa na Kuban da Arewa Caucasus. Mafi yawansu ba su yin magana a Rasha, amma ya bar wasu daga cikin tsofaffin al'adun mutãnensa. Amma mafi yawan Pontic Helenawa kõma zuwa ga 'yan qasar gaba da Girka.

Saboda haka, bayan 2.5 Millennium bayan na farko da natsuwa bar m tekun na Girka, sun yi koma gidajensu. Su Odyssey ƙare tare da koma mahaifarsa. Muna so su farin ciki.