Petersburg Dostoevsky. Description Petersburg Dostoevsky. Petersburg a cikin ayyukan Dostoevsky

A birni a kan Neva River, tare da dukan da majestic da daurin boye labarin ya kasance kullum da mayar da hankali na Rasha marubuta.

Peter halittar

Kamar yadda ta yi ciki ta da kafa, Peter Mai girma, da ake kira "fadama na swamps" Petersburg ya zama karfi na girma ɗaukaka. Saba wa tsohon Rasha al'adar zuwa gina birane na kan tuddai, ya gaske da aka gina a cikin marshy Shefela a kudin da yawa Nameless magina m damp, sanyi, marshy miasma da kuma aiki tukuru. The magana cewa birnin "tsaye a kan ƙasusuwan" na magina, za a iya dauka a zahiri. A daidai wannan lokaci da ma'ana da kuma manufa na biyu ne babban birnin kasar, ta m gine da kuma taurin kai ruhu sanya m Petersburg da gaske "m birni", da ke sa a yi mãmãki daga cikin Sahaban kuma magadansa. Babu daidaituwa da cewa muna da damar da za su ji dadin da yawa fuskokin "hotuna" na wannan ban mamaki birni a cikin ayyukan mafi girma artists da kalmomi da kuma salon maganarsu ambaci kamar St. Petersburg na Dostoevsky, Pushkin, litattafan Gogol, Nekrasov, Akhmatova, Blok.

Twin Cities

A nade a cikin wani asiri, tsari a kan su kai tsaye a nutsa cikin wani surreal hazo prospectuses Mayorsky Hanci Kovalev da kuma bayan mutuwa da m inuwa Akaky, birnin kanta ya zama alama fatalwa, a shirye su narke tare da hazo. Petersburg a Dostoevsky ayyukan, kazalika a almarar kimiyya labaru, litattafan Gogol bayyana m "m mafarki", wani mafarki cewa zai bace a cikin sosai, lokacin da ya "tana farkawa, wanda duk mafarki na" ( "saurayi" labari). Sau da yawa dutse City a ayyukan marubuta ne kusan ba da rai da ake cewa zai iya shafar rayuwar mutane. Ya zama da m rafke fatan na matalauta Eugene a Pushkin ta waka "The Bronze doki" da kuma barazana da matsananciyar sufferer "Uzho ka!" Jefa a cikin shugabanci na mutum-mutumi da aka rubuta a duk faɗin birni-laifin. Petersburg Dostoevsky ne ba kawai da hali, amma kuma a irin biyu haruffa, m Refractive su tunani, motsin zuciya, rudu, da kuma nan gaba. Wannan batu ya fito a shafukan da "Petersburg labarinsa," a cikin abin da wani matashi marubuci Fyodor Dostoevsky gani da ƙararrawa fasali na mugun jin gloom, slipping a ciki siffar da ƙaunataccen birni.

Petersburg Dostoevsky ta labari "Laifuka da azãba"

Wannan aiki ne mai haƙi littafi na mutum karatu a wannan bangare wanda ke hulda da ji na m wani tunanin crises, fahimtar hadarin gaske musamman ideas. Raskolnikov halin kirki gwaji ta'allaka ne da ya gan: mai kyau mutum wanda yana so ya kawo farin ciki ga mutãne, a yarda ya yi hadaya da rai - ba ya, amma wani, ko da idan, a cikin ra'ayi, mafi banza. Hero jami'in dake duba yawan ka'idarsa, kuma shi ya zama na fili da cewa ba shi ne ya lashe zaben, da kuma azabtar da shi, "ya kashe kansa", ba "Tsõhuwa." Sashe na daga cikin instigator na kisan zama Petersburg. Dostoevsky wuya a da ake zargi da kiyayya da birnin, amma a nan da marubuci damƙar fallashi da m yanayi, fetid, mãsu mãye birane dodo, ran Raskolnikov da kuma dora shi da ra'ayin cewa kawai fittest tsira.

City-abokin

Marubucin da basira weaves images of birane shimfidar wurare, titi al'amuran da ciki. Petersburg Dostoevsky ma'ana bayar a cikin mãkirci shaci, kuma da cikakken bayaninsa ne m shanyewar jiki a cikin hali na haruffa da kuma ci gaban samfurin ideas. Ta yaya wannan ya faru?

cityscapes

A farko bayanin Petersburg Dostoevsky mu hadu nan da nan - a cikin 1st babi na farko part. Hot, rashin iska, da kuma abin ƙi kullum zuwa fadin kan hanya drunks painfully amsa tada jijiyoyi na Raskolnikov. A cikin 1st babi na biyu na mugayen bayani maimaita wannan hoto - da abin ƙi, stuffiness, zazzabi, scurrying da mutanen da aka fuskantar tsanani lokacin sake yaron. Ƙunci kuma stuffiness na birane slums - wannan shi ne kusan a ruhaniya yanayi da labari. Kawai yanzu ce mafi game da rãnã, yankan idanu unbearably. rãnã motif sa'an nan saya metaphorical kamala, da kuma yayin da ya haske azabar kama a ra'ayin Raskolnikov.

m view

A kashi na biyu na da labari, da chapter 2nd, Raskolnikov cike take neman wani wuri zuwa boye dauka daga haihuwa mace ta dabi'u. Kuma a nan ba zato ba tsammani ya tsaya a nan ba ta da gaske panorama - tsabta iska, blue kogin da aka nuna a cikin shi Dome na cikin Haikali. Awesome Shin shi gwarzo? A'a, ya taba gane ba ya iya decipher wannan "m hoto" wa kansu daga wanda shi emanated "inexplicable sanyi" da kuma "ruhu kuma bẽbãye da kurãme."

"Bugu" Petersburg

Dostoevsky ta Laifuka da azãba, ya kafa wani gwarzo dauki, ba shakka, ba kawai a matsayin ostropsihologichesky jami'in labarin. A hanyar da halin kirki rushewar zuwa ga haske spatially yi a matsayin hanyar fita daga cikin m gari kusa da sarari "rãnã wanka m steppe", wanda ya kasance " 'yancin" - ba kawai jiki, amma' yanci ne daga gurbata da rai ra'ayoyi da kuma tunani iri iri. A halin yanzu, da 6th babi na biyu, na daga cikin labari, mun gani ta hanyar da idanu na wani maraice Petersburg humanist Dostoevsky, sokin pitying Lower birane matalauta. A nan, kwance a fadin hanya "matattu bugu" ragamuffin, da hubbub taro na mata "tare da baki ido," kuma Raskolnikov a wannan lokaci a cikin wasu mugun jin bugu zuwa ɗaguwar ruhaniya inhales wannan wata wistful iska.

City Justice

A cikin sura ta 5, humushin da labari ya nuna kusurwar Petersburg, daga taga da kabad Raskolnikov. Maraice hour na saitin rana awakens a cikin saurayi, "deadening angst" cewa shan azaba da ya hango nada a cikin wani kankanin batu na har abada - abada "a yadi na sarari." Kuma wannan ne jumla da ta sa raskolnikovskoy ka'idar tunani events. Petersburg Dostoevsky a wannan lokaci ya bayyana ba kawai a matsayin accomplice a cikin yin laifi, amma kuma a matsayin hukunci.

hadiri

A cikin 6th babi na shida rashin iska da kuma ciki da yamma karya m hadari a cikinsa ba tare da katsewa walƙiya, kuma ruwan sama "zuba kamar waterfall", ruthlessly iskhlestyvaya ƙasa. Shi ne da yamma kafin kunar bakin Svidrigailov, wani mutum wanda ya zo da manufa na "son kansu" zuwa wani matsanancin batu, kuma ya halaka shi da kansu. Hadiri ya ci gaba restlessly m, sa'an nan howling iska. A sanyi hazo sauti gangami ƙararrawa, gargadi mai yiwu ruwan tufana. Sauti na Svidrigailov reminiscent na hangen nesa da zarar wata yarinya-kashe kansa a wani akwatin gawa warwatse tare da furanni. Duk wannan shi ne kamar turawa da shi zuwa ga kansa. Safe gwarzo gana a lokacin farin ciki Milky hazo, girgije birni, sani, ruhaniya fanko da kuma zafi.

Hadiri sauti antithesis zafi da kuma stuffiness Petersburg, shaci makawa bi da bi a zama na gaba na gwarzo deftly halakar da ainihin shaida, amma ba a gudanar a boye cikin wani tunanin bala'i da generated da kisan kai. A wannan ra'ayin aiki brilliantly yanayin canje-canje, wanda a cikin labari ne fuskantar Petersburg na Dostoevsky. "Laifuka da azãba" - a aikin da ke shafar zurfin da kuma daidaito na yin amfani da m bayani. Ba yo Raskolnikov ya kawo saukar a kan kansa mai ba da bashi ruwan gatarinsa, game da shi, ba da baki kan. Ya sũranta su a raba kansu, da fuskantar da rushewar mutuwa ta ruhaniya.

titi scenes

A cikin 1st babi na farko na titi kusa Petersburg slums faru ƙwarai scene: shãwara Raskolnikov ba zato ba tsammani kururuwa rubutu wasu bugu a wata babbar cart ja workhorse. Petersburg F. M. Dostoevskogo sha'aninsu dabam zuwa shafi tunanin mutum Pathology, wanda yana fuskantar wani gwarzo. A garin ne a hankali saka idanu da kuma a bainar jama'a tsawata, teases da tsokani. A 2nd babi na biyu na birnin jiki rinjayar da gwarzo. Raskolnikov tam lashed bulala direba, da kuma nan da nan bayan da wasu yan kasuwa matar ba shi ashirin kopecks a sadaka. Wannan ban mamaki birni scene warin tsammanin dukan m tarihi na Raskolnikov, duk da haka "balaga" kafin ƙanƙan da kai, yarda da sadaka.

Kuna kamar titi mai tsarkakewa?

A cikin 6th babi na biyu, na daga cikin labari, Rodion loitering a tituna, sanaki talauci da kuma crowding Ana shayar da wuraren da nisha, kuma ya zama shaida ga kaskantattu magana Gabar grinders. Yana jan a tsakiyar mutane, shi duka yayi magana, ya saurara, gani, tare da wasu da tsoro da kuma matsananciyar gaugawa soaking up wadannan lokacin na rayuwa kamar kafin ya mutu. Ya na da hango warewa da kuma so ta, amma har yanzu suna fakewa da kansa da kuma taka tare da wasu m bude labulen ta asiri. Wannan babi ya ƙare da wani daji scene: mãye mace jefa kanta kashe gada a cikin kogi a Raskolnikov ta idanu. Kuma shi ya zama mai conspirator da kuma wakili provocateur nan don Petersburg gwarzo. Dostoevsky zargi a takaicce aka bayyana a matsayin kwantantuwa Masters tsara m "hatsarori". Lalle ne, a matsayin marubuci kulawa don mugun wayo jaddada canji a yanayi da kuma tunani a lokacin da gwarzo bazata tsayar da wannan mace, ta idanu hadu da ita ciwon idanu!

City-hallakarwa

A ra'ayin na birni-accomplice a cikin yin laifi, da kuma mai hallakarwa reappears a cikin sura ta 5 daga cikin biyar, inda marubucin paints wani scene na hauka Katerina Ivanovna. A kan titi a soulless birni aka sau daya murƙushe Marmeladov, Sonya tsunduma a karuwanci, ta yana fuskantar wani fall, gani a kan babban titi Raskolnikov. A kan titunan birnin ya kashe kansa Svidrigailov, da kuma nan, daga rashin bege da kuma yanke ƙauna ne shi mahaukaci ne Katerina Ivanovna. Kuma dutse matafiya tãrãwa garwaya da shi kwararo jini makogwaro.

Gidaje, da ciki

A cikin 1st babi na farko na Raskolnikov rawar jiki da kuma nitsewa kusa da gida mai ba da bashi, wanda ya gani "babban" mummuna falalen da kuma zuwa ga kadan mutum. Hive Apartment gini m hali. Yau, da Ya shiryar da nuna yawon bude ido da gidan a kan Griboyedov Canal, shi ne wani ɓangare na al'adun St. Petersburg.

A Babi na 2, kashi na biyu na farko ya jũya Raskolnikov a tavern daga cikin mãsu mãye kuwata kuma incoherent chatter saurãro sokin Marmeladova ikirari. Wadannan ne cikakken bayani da cewa ƙarfafa gwarzo a cikin m tabbatar da dalilin gwada ka'idarsa. Cubby Raskolnikov aka bayyana a cikin sura ta uku daga cikin kashi na farko na da labari, ya tuna min ba haka al'amarin, ba da akwatin gawa. Da zarar Dostoevsky ambaci ta kama tare da teku gida. Duk wannan magana kundin game da ciki Jihar Raskolnikov, clenched talauci, unsatisfied girman kai da su girma ka'idar cewa daukan kawar da sikẽli da zaman lafiya.

A 2nd babi na farko da wani ɓangare kuma 7th babi na biyu marubucin ne "sadarwa dakuna" Marmeladov, inda rayuwa ne matalauta matsananci iyali kullum bayyana gaban da m jama'a, kuma babu wani abu don magana game da kawaicin da nake yi da kuma zaman lafiya. Da ra'ayoyi na wasu, yana ruri na bushe da dariya, m taguwar ruwa na taba hayaki - wani yanayi a cikin abin da ya wuce da rayuwar, kuma mutuwa ta riske maza Marmeladov.

A 4th babi na rubu'in, mu gani Sony gida a cikin wani tsohon kore gidan Kapernaumovs (ko da Littafi Mai Tsarki ya jitu da hatsari?). Wannan gini shi ne ma wani janye ga magoya na littattafai na Fyodor Mikhailovich, shi har yanzu Bears sunan "gidan da wani obtuse kwana." A nan, kamar yadda a ko'ina kuma a cikin labari, a Sonia ta dakin shi ne kunkuntar da kuma duhu bene, da kuma cikin dakin kanta kama wani sito a cikin nau'i na wani sababbu quadrangle da "sosai low rufi." Mummuna sausaya dakin bango tare da uku windows a kan hagu gutter. Ugliness da shaƙãwamiu, kama hankali, Paradoxically qara wani tunanin martani na heroine, yana da wani rare ciki dũkiya.

A sura ta uku shi ne na shida ɓangare na labari fage na ikirari Svidrigailov Raskolnikov a tavern kusa da Haymarket. Wannan yankin a cikin karni na sha tara amsa kamar yadda wani "wuri na kisan", a Bugu da kari, akwai da aka sanya wata babbar "tolkuchy" bude-iska kasuwar. Kuma shi ke inda Dostoevsky sa'an nan kuma nuna su heroes, sauran, duk da lokacin farin ciki na mutane har yanzu a mummunan kawaicin da nake yi, tare da rashin lafiya tunani da kuma juyayinsu. Wide-bude tavern windows, ko - shi ne jira na jama'a tuba na gwarzo, aka azabtar fiasco a antihuman m imani.

a ƙarshe

Da taba da sanannen labari, mu sun natsu da cewa St. Petersburg na Dostoevsky - shi ne mai cikakken memba na mãkirci, kuma da akida abun ciki na aiki. A wannan za a iya ce da sauran ayyukan Dostoevsky. Ya zauna a ƙara da cewa marubuci, aptly jawabin da wallafe-wallafen masanin Yuri Lotman, a farkon aikinsa a cikin wannan gari gani a mayar da hankali image na dukan na Rasha. A karshe kayayyakin na wannan dominance na soulless taskar farkon, captivated sarki arewacin babban birnin kasar, da ya ga embodiment daga tsõro da cuta a fadin babbar kasa.