Ibsen Genrik: biography, kerawa, sammaci

Ibsen Genrik yi sawwaƙe - halitta da kuma bude wa duniya Norwegian Norwegian wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukansa asali romantic, yana a matsayin batutuwa da tsoho Scandinavian sagas ( "Warriors Helgelade", "A gwagwarmayar da kursiyin"). Sa'an nan, ya jũya zuwa ga falsafar da kuma m fahimtar duniya ( "Brand", "Peer Gynt"). A karshe, Ibsen Genrik zo zuwa kaifi zargi da zamani a rayuwar ( "A Doll ta House," "fatalwa," "maƙiyi daga cikin Mutanen da"). Da kuzari tasowa, H. Ibsen bukaci a baya ayyukan da cikakken emancipation mutum.

yara marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo,

The iyali wani arziki m na Norwegian Ibsen, da suke zaune a kudu, a garin Skien, ɗan Henrik akwai a 1828. Amma bayan kawai da shekara takwas, da kuma iyali da aka lalace. Rayuwa da dama daga cikin saba da'irar sadarwa, da suka sha haramcin kusa da izgili wasu. Ibsen Genrik kadan m game da canje-canje. Duk da haka, a cikin makaranta, ya fara mamaki malamai da su rubuce-rubucen. } Ananan yara, ta ƙare a shekaru 16, a lokacin da ya mayar da su cikin makwabtaka da garin da ya zama wani almajiri harhaɗa magunguna. Ya aiki a wani kantin magunguna shekaru biyar da kuma dukan waɗannan shekaru mafarki matsawa zuwa babban birnin kasar.

A birnin Christiania

The saurayi, Ibsen Genrik, yana zuwa a cikin babban birnin da kuma Christiania, cikin zullumi abu, ke taka rawa a cikin rayuwar siyasa. Ya kulawa don sa da gajeren wasan kwaikwayo "Herculean tudun ƙasa." Amma ya "Catiline" akwai wasan kwaikwayo a store. Ya sanarwa da kuma kira su zuwa ga Bergen.

The National Theatre

A Bergen Ibsen Genrik zama darektan da kuma wasan kwaikwayo darektan. Tare da shi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta repertoire hada gargajiya plays - Shakespeare ta magatakarda, kuma Dumas - da kuma Scandinavian guda. Wannan lokaci zai šauki da rai na marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, daga 1851 zuwa 1857. Sa'an nan ya komo Christiania.

A babban birnin kasar,

A wannan lokaci, babban birnin gaishe shi mafi warmly. Ibsen Genrik aka nada darektan na wasan kwaikwayo. A shekara daga baya, a 1858, da aka gudanar ya aure to Susanna Thoresen, wanda zai zama farin ciki. A wannan lokaci, manyan Norwegian gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ya riga an gane a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo a gida godiya ga tarihi play "matsayar jirgin ruwa Sulhauge". Ya baya aka rubuta kwaikwaiyo da akai-akai sa a kan mataki. Wannan ne "Warriors Helgelade", "Olav Lilekrans". Sun wasa ba Krista kadai ba, amma kuma a Jamus, Sweden, Denmark. Amma a lokacin da a 1862 ya gabatar da jama'a satirical play - "wani comedy game da soyayya," wanda izgili da ra'ayin soyayya da aure, da Company gyara dangane da marubucin haka yamar cewa bayan shekaru biyu da ya tilasta wa barin mahaifarsa. Tare da taimakon abokai, da ya sami wani malanta da kuma ya tafi zuwa Roma.

kasashen waje

A Roma, yana rayuwa a wani shãmaki, kuma ya rubuta ayar da wasa "Brand" a cikin shekaru 1865-1866. gwarzo daga cikin play - firist Brand son kai ga ciki kamala, wanda, kamar yadda shi dai itace, a duniya shi ne cikakken m. Ya rabu da matarsa da dansa. Amma ya na kowa ra'ayoyi ba su so, ba da wadanda mutane hukuma kuma ruhaniya. A sakamakon haka, ba tare da renouncing da suka gaskata, da gwarzo mutu. Wannan shi ne na halitta, tun da dukan yanayi ne dan hanya zuwa sadaka.

Motsi zuwa Jamus

Bayan ya zauna a Trieste, Dresden, G. Ibsen karshe tsaya a nan ba, a Munich. A 1867 ya buga wani poetic aiki - kishiyar daga cikin play da hauka firist "Peer Gynt". A sakamakon wannan romantic waka faruwa a Norway, a Morocco, a cikin Sahara a Misira da kuma sake a Norway. A wani karamin kauye, inda ya na zaune da wani matashi Guy, ya Ana daukarsa a matsayin Joe Ku hura, wani jirgin saman soja wanda ba ya tunani game da yadda za a taimaka mahaifiyarsa. Ya ji dadin suna fadin kyakkyawar yarinya Solveig, amma ta ki yarda, saboda yana da ma bad yana da suna. Lane da ke shiga cikin dazuzzuka da kuma a can ya gana da 'yar Sarkin Forest, inda ya shirye su yi aure, amma domin wannan dole ne ya juya a cikin wani mummuna Troll. Tare da wahala tsere daga clutches da dodanni gandun daji, ya gana da mutuwa a hannun mahaifiyarsa. Bayan haka, domin shekaru masu yawa ya tafiya a duniya da kuma a karshe, shi ne tsohon da launin toka-masu gashi, ya kõmo zuwa ƙasarsa ta kauye. Babu wanda ya sani, fãce Pugovichnika maye wanda yana shirye ya narke ransa ga button. Per rokon wani jinkiri a tabbatar da sihiri da cewa ya dukan mutumin, maimakon m. Kuma a sa'an nan ya, tumbleweed, ya gana da wasu ya tsufa Solveig. A sa'an nan da ya gane cewa ya aka sami ceto ta bangaskiya, da kuma ƙaunar da wata mace, don haka dogon jiran shi. Yana da cikakken dama labarin, wanda aka halitta da Henrik Ibsen. Works a matsayin dukan su ne bisa zaton cewa wasu dukan mutumin fafitikar da rashin nufin da alfãsha bai isa a kula mutane.

duniya daraja

By karshen 70-ies na Ibsen ta kwaikwaiyo da fara sa a duk faɗin duniya. Kaifi zargi da zamani a rayuwar, cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ideas dokoki da aikin Genrika Ibsena. Ya rubuta wannan babbar ayyukansu: 1877 - "The Pillars of Society", 1879 - "A Doll ta House", 1881 - "Fatalwowi" a 1882 - "maƙiyi daga cikin Mutanen da", 1884 - "The Wild Duck" 1886 - "Rosmersholm", 1888 - "Lady daga teku", 1890 - "Hedda Gabler."

A duk wadannan kwaikwaiyo H. Ibsen tambaya guda tambaya: shi ne zai yiwu a rayuwa ta zamani don rayuwa da gaskiya, ba tare da qarya, ba tare da lalata akida na girmamawa? Ko ya zama dole in sallama ga kullum yarda norms da kuma duk ki a makafi ido. Farin Ciki, bisa ga Ibsen, ba shi yiwuwa. Eccentric wa'azin gaskiya, da gwarzo na "The Wild Duck" halaka da farin ciki na wasu. Haka ne, shi aka dogara ne a kan ƙarya, amma mutumin yana farin ciki. Mũnãnan ayyuka, kuma falalan magabatan tsaya a baya da "fatalwowi" na heroes, kuma su son tracings na kakanninsu, da kuma ba m mutane da suka iya cimma farin ciki. Nora daga "A Doll ta House" da aka fada domin da hakkin ya ji kamar ta mutum, ba wani kyakkyawan yar tsana. Kuma ta taba fita daga gidan. Kuma bãbu abin farin ciki a gare ta. Duk wadannan guda, sai dai watakila daya, su ne batun da wani m makirci da kuma ra'ayin marubucin - wanzuwa heroes fada a kan dukkan al'umma. Su zama masu zunubi, amma ba ci. Hedda Gabler aka fada a kan kansa, a kan cewa ta ne a mace, suka, bayan da aure, da aka tilasta da nufinsa ba haihuwa. Haife mace, ta so ya nuna hali a matsayin yardar kaina a matsayin wani mutum. Ta na da kyau da kuma impressionable, amma ba free ko dai a zabi na rayuwarsa, da wani zabi na ta kansa bai tabbata ba daga kansu makoma. Sai ta yi ba zai iya rayuwa.

Henrik Ibsen: quotes

Sun bayyana ne kawai ya duniya, amma watakila za su taba kirtani na wani ta rai:

• "A karfi daya wanda ya yi yãki kadai."
• "Abin da ke kusa a cikin matasa, ya zo a kusa da} uruciyarsa."
• "A dubu kalmomi zai bar wani karami sawun fiye da ƙwaƙwalwar na daya yi."
• "A ran mutum - a cikin al'amura."

a gida

A 1891, H. Ibsen bayan shekaru 27 rashi, koma zuwa Norway. Ya za a rubuta wani yawan kwaikwaiyo, ya za ma bikin ranar haihuwar. Amma a shekarar 1906, duk bugun jini tarnhayar da rai na irin wannan fice da mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, kamar Henrik Ibsen. Tarihinsa da aka gama.