Pablo Neruda: A takaice dai biography, shayari kuma kerawa. GBOU lyceum № 1568 mai suna Pablo Neruda

Ilya Ehrenburg kira da mawãƙi na farin ciki da murna mutum a cikin duniya. Tare da cewa da karfi sanarwa, duk da haka, za ka iya ko da yarda. Bayan Neruda lokacin da yake rayuwa da aka dauka a matsayin dukiyar da Latin Amurka nahiyar. A Tarayyar Soviet, shi ne kuma son. Top Translators yi aiki a kan texts. So in sani game da shi? Sa'an nan karanta wannan labarin.

A rayuwa na Pablo Neruda ne mai arziki a waje events. Haife Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basualto - wannan shi ne hakikanin sunan mawãƙi - a birnin Parral, a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na Chile. Wannan taron ya faru Yuli 12, 1904.

Asalin da mawãƙi

Mahaifinsa reluwe shugaba - aka tare da wani jirgin kasa kõma da tsakuwa. Da uwarsa mutu da tarin fuka wata guda bayan da ɗa. Uba remarried da iyali koma birnin Temuco, wanda shi ne dan kadan da kudu. Akwai yaron girma. Pablo Neruda riƙe m tunanin da uwar rana. Ya rubuta cewa shi ne irin da m mace wanda aka gudanar da baƙauye mutumci. Ta ya kullum fussed kuma ya kula da kowa da kowa.

Ilimi a Lycée

A shekaru 6, da yaro da aka dauka zuwa makarantar sakandare. A hankali, Pablo Neruda sha'awar karatu, sai na fara rubuta da kansa. Da farko waqe da aka buga a jaridu, yayin da har yanzu dalibai na lyceum. A sa'an nan da sunan barkwanci da aka haife - a wani ƙoƙari na rufe poetic darussa daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya ga a su da dalili na kullum neuspevaniya dan a lissafi. Sunan da aka zaba karkashin spur da lokacin - Pablo son daya daga cikin labarun da Czech litattafansu na karshe karni Yana Nerudy, yaron kuma gane ba gajiyan da kuma zama Neruda. Daga baya wannan sunan da aka tanada shi da wani jami'in yi - shi aka kunshe a cikin fasfo.

Da farko Prize, na farko tarin

A karshen fuskar wani saurayi ya koma Santiago da kuma shigar da Pedagogical Institute, wanda ya a cikin Moscow University. A nan sai ya yi karatu Turanci da kuma Faransanci. Sa'an nan Pablo Neruda lashe farko kyauta ga wata waka da ake kira "Holiday Song" a cikin dalibi gasar. A 19-shekara Neruda ya marubucin wakoki tarin "Collection of sunsets," kudin da samar da wanda ya biya ta hanyar sayar da da m dũkiyarku ba. Ko sa'an nan shi, Ya kuranye m poetic halin - Neruda tuna cewa ya rubuta a 2, 3, 4, kuma ko da 5 waqe da rana. M shi ne a pastoral shayari, dalibi kuma imitative. Amma har yanzu m poetic murya ba ya tsoma baki kai mai girma ra'ayin, wanda ya zama m Credo. Pablo Neruda rubuta cewa yana so ya zama wani mawãƙi, wanda zai rufe a cikin aikinsa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Ya so ya ci abubuwan da suka faru, so, da yanayi da mutum, da kuma cewa duk wannan an nuna a cikin dangantaka.

A waɗannan shekaru iri guda, Neruda aka haɗe zuwa siyasa aiki, a buga a jarida labarin a kan zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi, ke taka rawa a cikin aikin kwadago da kuma dalibi al'ummu.

{Aramin, tafiya

Faruwa a cikin cikakken shakka daga cikin institute, Neruda ne a wani sauri don fara aiki rayuwa. Na dogon lokaci kokarin samun wani diplomasiyya post, kuma a karshe a shekara ta 1927, ya zama jakadan a Rangoon, babban birnin kasar na Burma. Wannan "aiki" (ya tuna abin da ya yi kawai watanni uku a gudanar da wani aikin hukuma aikinsu) za a iya kira a sinecure, ko shi ne da-biya, amma a yau da kullum da abokin matasa kasida - talauci - bai wuce shi da. Neruda sa'an nan canjawa wuri zuwa Ceylon (yanzu - Sri Lanka), ya kuma ziyarci kasar Sin, Japan, Argentina, da dai sauransu Gabas wadãtar ji na duniya, ba da ayyukan Neruda ta universality, daya zai ce - .. Cosmic, wanda shi ne halayyar balagagge mawãƙi ne.

"Residence - Earth"

Tattalin ta kwaikwayo tsiwirwirinsu da littafin da aka kira, nuna wadannan ra'ayoyi: "Residence - Earth". Ta fita a 1935, lokacin da Neruda riga ya aikata wani tabo Chilean jakadan a Madrid. Daga bisani, da mawãƙi tuno wannan tarin, wanda ya kawo shi daraja cewa littafinsa mai cike da haushi brushwork da gaskiyar rayuwa. Friendly labarin amsa Gabriela Mistral, da ta gan a "m expressiveness Neruda" fasali na kasa vernacular. Amfani a cikin wannan littafin Hanyar bisa ga abke, m, sabani associativity Neruda kiyaye a nan gaba.

Siyasa fifiko da su abubuwan

Tun farkon da Spanish yakin basasa Neruda tsunduma a wani siyasa yaki a kan Republican gefe, ya rubuta cewa shayari tarin "Spain a cikin zuciya". Gwamnatin Chile na daukar irin wannan halayya kamar yadda m da diplomasiyya post da kuma canja shi zuwa ga post na jakadan a Paris. By lokacin da cuta ne lokacin da gurãbunsu, kuma tuni wani sanannen mawãƙi sayayya a Chile, 150 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar, arziki villa "Isla Negra" (Black Island).

Neruda zama kwaminis

Da siyasa alhini aka hankali sāke - a 1945 ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis na Chile, kuma tun shekarar 1959 shi ne memba na kwamitin tsakiya ta. Domin kabilar Latino, irin sentiments ne na kowa. A Sanadin na siyasa da tattalin arziki koma bayan kasashensu da suka gani a cikin m zamantakewa tsarin, bi da bi, da kuma bayani na gaggawa matsaloli neman kawai ta hanyar canji ba. Domin Neruda ta individualism ne ma unacceptable. A kasa na Nobel, ya ce cewa ya zabi da wuya hanya, wanda ya raba mutanen alhakin, da kuma bauta da mutum a matsayin cibiyar sararin samaniya, fi son wata ƙungiya mai yawa da m sabis, wanda zai iya zama wani lokaci kuskure, duk da haka, relentlessly motsa gaba.

A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya ƙaryata individualism, janyo hankalin da ra'ayin da gwarzo. A cikin ragewa shekaru Neruda tuno cewa duhu gefe na lokaci na hali sadaukarwa ba tura daga tunaninsa siffar Stalin, a tsananin mutum da kansa, "Titanic m" na juyin juya halin a Rasha. Daga cikin yanayi da cewa tare da wannan "Titanic kariya," Neruda jũya daga duka biyu da ya kebantu da cewa ba su canja ainihi. Saboda haka ya zauna a can har ƙarshe.

Aiki a post na Sanata, jirgin Argentina

Daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali aukuwa a cikin tarihinsa daga Neruda hade da post-yaki lokaci. A cikin yakin neman zabe a shekarar 1947 ya goyi bayan takarar na Gonzalez Videla, kada skimp a kan wa'adin. Ya zama shugaban Chile, da kuma Neruda an zabe a Sanata. Duk da haka, a cikin mafi munin Latin American hadisai, Videla zo ikon, ya fara am tsananta wa tsohon magoya bayan, ciki har da 'yan gurguzun. A mayar da martani, Neruda sanya a cikin majalisar dattijai da kaifi magana a cikinsa, idan ba kauce masa theatricality, ya ce "J'accuse!" Kamar yadda da zarar Zola. A watan daga baya, akwai da hukuncin da aka kama shi. Dole na yi tafi cikin buya, sa'an nan ado dabbõbi drover, guje, ta hanyar da duwãtsu a Argentina. Rayuwa a gudun hijira da aka cika da tafiye-tafiye zuwa qasashe daban-daban, sa hannu a Duniya Congress of Peace, da sauransu.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A shekarar 1969, Neruda zabi ga zaben shugaban kasa a Chile, amma sai ya rika a cikin ni'imar Salvador Allende. Tare da nasara karshe Neruda zama jakadan Chile a Faransa, shi koyi yin kyautar Nobel Prize a gare shi. Amma tsanani rashin lafiya sojojin da mawãƙi komawa gida. Ya mutu a cikin wani Metropolitan asibiti 12 days bayan na jini juyin mulki gwamnatin (23 Satumba 1973).

exhumation

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa kusan shekaru 40 bayan mutuwarsa, don haka jiki an hõre da exhumation. Its nufin ya gano hakikanin dalilan da ya kai ga mutuwa da mawãƙi ne. Gaskiyar cewa ta Nobel ya mutu a karkashin sosai m yanayi. Ya mutu 12 kwanaki bayan Sojoji kwace mulki a Chile. A mutuwa takardar shaidar bayyana cewa, a cikin hanyar shi aiki a matsayin prostate ciwon daji. Amma abokai shaida cewa 'yan sa'o'i kafin mutuwarsa, Neruda yi magana don matsawa da kansa, ya a cikin mai kyau ruhohi. Mutuwarsa ta zo ne bayan da allura, yi da shi a asibiti. , Gudanar a shekara ta 2011, bincike ya tabbatar da cikar kõma har da likitoci.

Analysis kerawa Neruda

A postwar shekaru, Neruda har yanzu da yawa daga rubuce-rubuce. Gaba daya, halitta su 40 raba, kome maimaita littattafai. Da shayari aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa (Italian Salvatore Quasimodo fassara shi), shi ya lashe karbuwa a kasashen duniya, amma ya aka kullum tare da mawãƙi ta suna, watakila m, amma kuma "ya wuce kima", m, malalata. Neruda iya ze ko ta yaya ma rikitarwa, shi kusan m, ma yiwuwa ga rhetoric da verbosity, a takaice, da mawãƙi, wanda tare da undeniable amfanoni da ba ya sadu da bukatun na kowa iyawa a wallafe-wallafe. Yana haka jũna a da yawa sukar da Pablo Neruda.

Responses game da shi, duk da haka, ba haka ba ne unequivocal. Masu hankali da cewa sama fassarar aikin Neruda ne jera saboda translation: maimaitawa ayyukansa a cikin wani waje da harshen abubuwa, mamaye sauran poetic siffofin - matsalar na kwarai mawuyaci. Duk da haka, a cikin Spanish-magana duniya, wannan shayari sau da yawa jimami na hangula da kuma sha'awa. Juan Ramon Jimenez kafin yaki ya kira Neruda ba kawai a matsayin "babban bad mawãƙi". Daga baya ya raga da magana, ya ce cewa Spanish-American shayari sha musantawa nuna kanta a fuskarsa, kamar yadda ta tunawa da zagayowar yanayi, da kuma metamorphosis na mutuwa da kuma rayuwar muhimmi a cikin sosai gaskiya na nahiyar.

Littafi Latin America ne ake kira "a nahiyar inda akwai dukan zamanai." Da suka faru da kuma a cikin sabanin, m kuma unbridled shayari Pablo Nerudy, wanda, kamar yadda muka gani a cikin adabi, ta jajirce wajen inclusiveness da almara shan wahala daga saukowa, nitsewa cikin zurfin mythological tunani da kuma cike da rayuwar yau da kullum na yau.

Fassarar Pablo Neruda a Rasha

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa dukkan fassarorin da na waqoqi da mawãƙi a Rasha harshen ne sosai m, duk da cewa a kan su yi aiki mafi kyau fassara. Gaskiyar cewa Neruda amfani da wuya style of rubuce-rubuce - babu rhyme, wavy Lines tsawo, da wuya sosai ga kashe. Kwararru a matsayin mai yawa ga santsi ayoyi, ya karkatar da su a cikin gargajiya rhyme. A wannan filin musamman bambanta Margarita Aguilar da Ilya Ehrenburg. Pablo kansa mafi kyau fassara ayyukansa dauke Pavla Glushko. Amma ya iya zama daidai ba. Bayan Neruda bai mallaki Rasha harshe.

Rasha da aka nuna da kara sha'awa a cikin aikin wannan mawãƙi ne. Wannan ne hujja da cewa a masa mutunci kira da tarbiyya da al'adu cibiyoyin. MISALI sauran yankuna daukan Moscow.

1568 lyceum mai suna Pablo Neruda

A babban birnin kasar, 17 Janairu 2006 lyceum da aka bude, mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga mawãƙi ne. Lyceum 1568 Pablo Neruda - a jihar makarantun, wanda yana da za'ayi a cikin zurfin horo a cikin tarbiyya na dalibai na fasaha da kuma kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Wannan ma'aikata bautarka a cikin ranking na babban birnin kasar na makarantu a halin yanzu 16th wuri. Lyceum mai suna Pablo Neruda a 1568 samu a nasarar da su dabbobi Grant Magajin Moscow (a 2011-12 da 2012-13.). More kwanan nan, a shekarar 2013, wannan makaranta da aka sake tsarafa - gudanar da hadewar da makarantu da lambar 233, yawan 307, yawan 1237, kazalika da yawan kindergartens a 1606, lambar 1880, yawan 1255, yawan 2145, yawan 1928.

Yau GBOU lyceum mai suna Pablo Neruda a 1568 ne da nufin wadanda suke so su mai tsanani tafiyar da kimiyyar yanayin halitta (sunadarai, kimiyyar lissafi), lissafi da aikin injiniya tarbiyya (kimiyya, karatu). Yana da wadannan abubuwa profile. Za su iya karatu a cikin zurfin, shiga jami'a a makarantar sakandare Pablo Neruda. A core darussa ga mafi tasiri koyo, da aji ne zuwa kashi biyu ko uku kungiyoyin. Kowace daga cikinsu ta kunshi 10-15 mutane. Dalibai halartar makarantar sakandare a 1568 ya. Pablo Neruda, zauna a su desks a kan wadannan abubuwa guda a wani lokaci da haka mafi iya sha prepodnosimye abu. Bugu da kari, ya bayyana batutuwan da more in-zurfin nazari na tarbiyya shirya electives da free shawarwari. Wadanda suke so su shigar da sunan Pablo Nerudy high school, kana bukatar ka wuce ƙofar jarrabawa da kuma wuce wata hira. A halin yanzu, da horo da aka gudanar daga 5th zuwa 11th sa. Opening na shirya ayyuka ga wadanda suke so su shiga a babbar makaranta ko samun wani more cikakken da kuma tsanani da ilmi ba. Pablo Neruda School kariminci hannun jari su tare da damuwa yara.

Duk da haka, ba kawai high school a cikin babban birnin kasar da ake kira da sunan babban waƙen. Akwai kuma wani library Pablo Nerudy (lambar 62). An located a ul. Iaroslavskaia, 13, da gidaje 1 (Metro ENEA). Wani library da sunansa - № 187, dake kan Prospect Mira, 180. Duk wannan ya nuna cewa a kasar mu akwai wani babban amfani a cikin wani hali da kerawa.