Oak (itace): description. Nawa ne itacen oak

Oak ne HALITTAR na shuke-shuke, wanda nasa ne da iyali na Beech. Akwai biyu iri: Bishiyoyi da shrubs. Oak hadawa fiye da 500 breeds. Areoles mazauninsu itace wakilci Arewa Hemisphere. A shuka ya kai wata temperate sauyin yanayi, don haka a kudancin duniya ya na zaune ne kawai a kan wurare masu zafi da tsaunuka. Ganye da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau a gane, jera edible da kuma kyau domin kiwon lafiya.

maturation sake zagayowar

Oak - itacen, wanda nasa ne da Evergreen shuka iri. Its kambi ba za a iya canza shekaru da dama. Duk da haka, akwai duwatsu daga abin da ganye fada da farko na farko sanyi. Tree inflorescences ne unisexual, kananan. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kambi cover a lokacin pollination ne underdeveloped. Strong furanni ne kawai ga mata, maza 'yan kunne iya fada a kashe a wata' yar alamar numfashin iska.

Abin lura shi ne cewa oak - wata itãciya ga pollination wajibi ne ma'aunan biyu benaye. fetal maturation auku a cikin shaft, wanda shi ne karamin saucer. Daga baya da ta ke tsiro ɗan itacen oak. Kowane irin na itacen oak 'ya'yan da kuma siffar daban-daban nadi. A wasu jinsunan, elongated acorns, na biyu - zagaye da kananan, daga uku - orehoobraznye. Yana halatta haye irin, amma wannan shi ne wata ila don kai ga wani gagarumin raguwa na yawan amfanin ƙasa. Itace ke tsiro sosai a sannu a hankali, amma zai iya rayuwa ga daruruwan shekaru. A tushen tsarin da aka kafa a lokacin shekarar farko, sa'an nan kuma kullum gwamnatin. Sha'awa, bayan da sawa yanke oak wasu lokaci kashe dungu tsiro da alheri da iko harbe. Oak - itace, wanda aka ba ma wuya a cikin ƙasa, haka cikin ƙasa na iya zama wani abu. Halitta kiwo auku acorns. A tsawo daga cikin itacen oak jeri har zuwa 40-45 mita. A girma daga cikin kambi dogara a kan jinsin da kuma sauyin yanayi.

Description English oak

Wannan irin shuka da aka dauke su na kowa, kamar yadda shi ne ya fi kowa a Turai na duniya. Oak tsiro daga wani ɗan itacen oak a shafe watanni shida. Next kafa asallanta, kambi da kuma tushen domin shekaru 20. Cikin tsofaffin bishiyoyi isa wani tsawo na 50 mita. A akwati da kuma rassan ne lokacin farin ciki, da karfi, iya yin tsayayya ko da nauyi iska. A karkashin m yanayi, da kuma m tushen tsarin petiolate itatuwan oak na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 1,000.

A haushi shi ne duhu launin ruwan kasa, lokacin farin ciki. A ganye ne oblong, girma katakanta da daga 3 zuwa 7 da kadan m ruwa hakora. Irin bishiyoyi suna blooming a marigayi spring. Itatuwa talakawa soyayya da rana, kamar yadda shi ne flameproof shuka. Acorns a tsawon 3.5 cm.

Features oak Fluffy

Mafi sau da yawa, da wakilan da wannan nau'in da ake samu a cikin Caucasus, a cikin Crimea, kazalika a Asiya Ƙananan da kudancin Turai. A tsawo daga cikin bishiyoyi kawai 8-10 mita. Su ne m da zafi juriya.

Dole ne in ce, wadannan duwatsu itatuwan oak ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare wasu saɓani a cikin tsawo. Kuma bã su da wani sosai tortuous m akwati tare da yada rassan. Saboda da kananan size da kuma fadi da kambi inji shi ne sau da yawa daga nesa yayi kama da manyan shrub. A ganye suna dogon wani lokacin isa har zuwa 10 cm. A form su ne maras tabbas, girma a cikin nau'i-nau'i, ruwan wukake dan kadan nuna, duhu kore. Sha'awa, da ma'aunan da suke kewaye da ɗan itacen oak, sosai Fluffy da kuma taushi.

A tsarin da Holm oak

Wood ne dauke da haifuwa daga Rum da kuma Malaya Aziya. A lokacin, suna rayayye horar da a Arewacin Afirka da Turai. Yana da wani Evergreen shuka, wanda tsayinsa ne 22-25 mita. Akwati m, m. Crohn ta yada, lokacin farin ciki. A ganye da kansu su ne kananan, m, a siffar, m, mai haske koren launi, leathery. A 'ya'yan itatuwa nunarsa kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu.

Oak tsiro hanzari, ko da kuwa da sauyin yanayi. Ya shige da sanyi don -20 digiri +40 da kuma zafi. Shadow-hujja, fari-resistant. Yana kira dutse dutse saboda gaskiyar cewa itatuwa mafi yawa girma a kan kankara, a cikin tsaunuka.

The bayãnin hukuncin fasali na ja oak

Mafi sau da yawa samu a kan bankunan na gudãna. Allah bã Ya son m ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Gida na ja oak aka dauke North America, musamman Canada. A tsawo daga cikin wadannan itatuwa isa 25 mita. Azahiri akwati siririn, santsi. Gray haushi darkens da shekaru da kuma crack. Crohn shatrovidnaya oak, kore da rawaya tints kusa da ƙasa. Bar manyan, wani lokacin da diamita ne 25 cm. Suna wasa ruwan wukake. A cikin kaka juya ja da fada a kashe. A 'ya'yan itatuwa ne kananan, mai siffar zobe, size -. 2 cm Cikakke acorns na ja, ba kadan launin ruwan kasa. Nunarsa a marigayi kaka, shekarar farko na sharri girbi. Dorewar fruitfulness - har zuwa shekaru 20.

Hardy itace, ya zare ya sãɓa iska mai karfi da kuma haske rana.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da fari oak

A wurin haifuwa na shuka ne gabas Coast na Arewacin Amirka. Manyan plantations da ake samu a gandun daji tare wani mai arziki farar ƙasa da ƙasa. Easy don samun tare da sauran jinsunan itatuwan oak. Yana da muhimmanci cewa yankin da aka ba fiye da a kilometer saman teku matakin. White itatuwan oak ba zai iya jure mai tsanani frosts.

A tsawo daga balagagge itace ne game da mita 30. Crohn iko shatrovidnaya kafa yada rassan. Haushi launi - launin toka. Tsohon itatuwa kusan ba crack, sabanin chereshchatogo irin. A ganye ne m, manyan (har zuwa 22 cm), da ciwon zuwa 9 ruwan wukake. A lokacin blooming zama ja, a lokacin rani - kore, kusa da hunturu ne shunayya, da fada a kashe.

ɗan itacen oak tsawon -. 2.5 cm 'ya'yan flakes kawai rufe, don haka sau da yawa suka fada daga itace daga tsananin iska.

Oak Description krupnoplodnogo

Wadannan itatuwa ne North American jinsunan. Girma zuwa mita 30. A akwati ne m, launin ruwan kasa launi, da karfi crack bayan 'yan shekaru, tun lokacin da shoot. Shatrovidnaya kambi siffar aka samu iko yada rassan. Bar oblong, lobed, yana da duhu koren launi, haske a cikin rana bayan da ruwan sama. A kaka dukan kambi da dama a kashe, wani lokaci tare da bakin ciki rassan. Yana da daraja abin lura leaf diamita - 25 cm. Acorns manyan, sau da yawa kai tsawo na 5 cm m siffar, da na uku ta rufe Sikeli ..

Germinates macrocarpa oak a matsakaici gudun. A tsaba ne sosai hygrophilous kuma morozoneustoychivy. Saboda wannan irin yana dauke ado.

Maras lokaci chestnut oak

Tartsatsi a cikin Armenia, Iran da kuma Arewa Caucasus. Namo ba zai iya zama. Mafi yawa daga cikin shuke-shuke - daji. A cikin tsakiyar karni na 20th, wadannan itatuwa da aka jera a matsayin miyagun, saboda haka suna yankan ne tsananin haramta. A Hirkan ajiye musamman horar da mutane kallo.

Sha'awa, chestnut oak ne cakuda da dama daji iri da girma yawanci a kan crests na ridges. Yana da matukar haske, moderately resistant zuwa sanyi, amma ba ya jure fari. Lokacin da Bloom na itacen oak ganye, itace kamar wata babbar chestnut itace, 30 mita high. A akwati ne fairly siriri kuma siririn, yada rassan. Manyan ganye kashtanovidnye ƙara jaddada da ƙẽtare haddi shatrovidnoy kambi. Acorns kumbura har zuwa 3 cm a tsawon.

Quercus palustris (pyramidal)

Dauke da haifuwa daga dutse kudancin yankunan Canada. A tsawo daga cikin itace ya kai game da 25 mita. Crohn nesa yayi kama da dala. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kusan shigar da akwati ganye. Gaskiyar cewa haushi fadama oak gaba daya kore da tabawa da launin ruwan kasa. A ganye ne matsakaici, da zurfin notches da kuma hakora. Launi kambi - kore, amma da kaka zama m. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari globose, sessile, game da 1.5 cm a diamita.

oak tsaba kamar ruwa, kazalika da balagagge itatuwa. Domin ƙarin danshi tushen tsarin ke zurfi a cikin ƙasa. Mazauninsu irin - moorland. Pyramidal oak tsiro da sauri, ya mutu a shafe tsawon frosts. Sau da yawa da babban daji sarari za a iya samu a gaba na tabkuna da kuma kududdufai.

Girma da kuma haifuwa

Turanci oak iri da kuma krupnoplodnogo sosai wuya ga danshi da kuma ƙasa ma'adinai dũkiya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka sauri germinate a cikin ruwan tsufana filayen kõguna da zurfin gandun daji baƙin yumɓu. An ba da shawarar zuwa shuka itacen oak seedlings a podzol gona. A cikin irin wannan ƙasa sprouts sauri halaka, saboda Tushen ba za a iya gyarawa saboda da high acidity na humus.

Shuka acorns kyawawa zuwa marigayi kaka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ya zama sabo. Idan muka yarda wata 'yar alamar bushewa da acorns, da germination rate an rage a sau. A zurfin dasa -. 5 zuwa 8 cm Kafin girma oak, yana da muhimmanci a san cewa mail a dasa ya kamata a hadu. Don kare germs da kwari wajibi ne don rufe su spruce rassan. Yana da muhimmanci a kula a barga gona zafin jiki (ba kasa da 2 digiri). Mutane da yawa lambu suna mamaki yadda za a yi girma itacen oak, idan sauran itatuwa saboda yanayi ba ba acorns. Ga shi iya yi amfani da kiwo hanya. Green cuttings kamata tushen a cikin farkon rabin lokacin rani. Kada zama amiss yi amfani da taki musamman IAA. Bugu da kari, kana bukatar ka sani cewa cuttings na matasa bishiyoyi da yawa sauri da kuma sauki fiye da haihuwa (shekaru 20).

Features pruning itatuwan oak

Members na wannan iyali na itatuwa kamar meticulous kulawa, duk da cewa su suna dauke daji. Musamman a kan amfanin gona yawan amfanin ƙasa tasiri hanya. Oak - itacen da monopodial sashe. Sanadiyar haka ne, babban tushe kamata ci gaba da tashi har karshen rayuwa na shuka. A wannan yanayin, da tip ba za a iya iyakance tsawo. Ta ko da yaushe ta haskaka a kan wasu harbe.

Pruning ya kamata a yi a kowace 'yan shekaru. A ganiya lokaci zai cire rassan a farkon spring, ko marigayi hunturu. Yana da muhimmanci cewa iska zazzabi a cikin wannan yanayin ne ba a kasa -5 ° C. In ba haka ba frostbite bayyana a yanke wurare. By rani na wadannan rassan ƙẽƙasassu zuwa ga ƙasa. Idan za a yi wani babban yawan, sa'an nan duk za a rasa itace. Cire dole ne a yi auren ba sabon harbe, samu da kuma xauke da cuta rassan.

Amfani da cutarwa Properties na itacen oak

A kiwon lafiya a raga sukan yi amfani da haushi da kuma matasa rassan itace, kazalika da acorns, da wuya - ganye. A babba yadudduka na itacen oak akwati ƙunshi mai yawa guduro acid, sukari da kuma pectin. A abun da ke ciki na irin 'ya'yan itãce amfani hada da abubuwa irin su hanyoyin gudanar da mai, sunadarai, sitaci. Akwai Tanning sinadaran, dyes da pentosan kungiyar a cikin matasa ganye. Saboda wannan 'ya'yan itace da kuma tasiri anti-kumburi jamiái suna samar. Haka kuma an da aka sani antispasmodic Properties na itacen oak. Alal misali, itacen haushi yadda ya kamata taimaka a colitis, na hanji na jini, gastritis, cututtuka na baƙin ciki, kuma hanta. Tinctures oak ƙara shafi tunanin mutum da kuma jiki aiki, soothe da CNS, inganta jijiyoyin bugun gini patency.

A daya hannun, shirye-shirye a kan tushen da wannan shuka ne contraindicated a yara da marasa lafiya fama da maƙarƙashiya, basur, tashin zuciya, ciki ulcers.

da yin amfani da albarkatun

Itatuwa a mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da ginin da kuma dafa abinci, kazalika da haske masana'antu. Sawdust sa toshe kwalaba da kuma furniture. Wood shi ne manufa domin surface jirãge, fortifications, inji gini, samar da ganga. Katakai ba kumbura, talauci lit, daban-daban ƙarfi, taurin da yawa.

Lokacin da Bloom na itacen oak ganye da kuma acorns yã'yan, ya zo da dafa abinci. A North America, da 'ya'yan itace ne sau da yawa kara zuwa kofi, da kuma alewa mafi dadi jita-jita. A Asia, acorns cinye soyayyen tare da kayan yaji.