Name fern jinsunan. Sunayen gabobin da kuma Tsarin wani fern

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin shuke-shuke a wannan duniya tamu shi ne wani fern. Ya ke tsiro a wurare masu zafi da gandun daji da kuma a boggy yankunan. Don kwanan wata, akwai fiye da 20,000 jinsunan wannan musamman shuka. Sunan ferns da su tsari, mu bincika daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin.

description

Daga cikin tsari na ferns kasance a cikin sashen mafi girma da shuke-shuke. Bã su da wani conductive masana'anta, wanda ya ba da abu da kuma ruwa ga dukkan gabobin. Tsire-tsire kunshi tushen, kara da kyau-ɓullo da ganye. A furanni da tsaba ya ba shi. A mafi daki-daki sunayen jikin ferns za a tattauna kara. Wadannan shuke-shuke za a iya samu a kusan kowace kusurwa na duniya. Duk da haka, a cikin gumi yammacin sahara mai karfi da girma bambancin. A girman wadannan tsire-tsire ne duka biyu sosai kananan ( 'yan santimita), da kuma quite tsayi, m (har zuwa 20 mita).

Sunayen gabobin da kuma Tsarin wani fern

Asalinsu. A wannan shuka ne ƙarƙashin. Wannan yana nufin cewa tushen kusan ba ci gaba, maimakon, kafa harbe da kuma ganye. A tushe ne quite bambancin, duka biyu a kan ciki da tsari da kuma bayyanar. Wasu ferns iya rarrafe ko hawa, amma mafi m kai tsaye talakawa. Daga kara up Fade fairly manyan ganye. Sun yi aikin sporulation da fotositneza. A underside na ganye nunarsa sporophylls. Fadowa zuwa ga ƙasa, "mace" spores germinate a prothallia wanda suke zuciya-dimbin yawa kananan faranti. Yawanci, da diamita na ba fiye da daya santimita. A surface faranti waɗanda ake kira "mace" al'aurar. Namiji spores kafa mikrozarostki a cikin abin da girma maniyyi. Suna ɗauke da iska, fadowa itatuwa, ciyawa, da dai sauransu Bayan maturation na harsashi da kuma ta katsewa "namiji" tsaba ne a cikin yanayi. Tare da ruwa da maniyyi ya shiga cikin mace zarostok. Saboda haka akwai wani sabon shuka. A wannan zuciya-zarostok bushe, kuma ya mutu. Wasu ferns za a iya karbe vegetatively. A wannan yanayin, da sabon shuke-shuke suna kafa a mazan ganye kwance a ƙasa. Tun da suka dauki tushen a cikin ƙasa, kuma girma a kan lokaci. A ferns cambium ne mãsu fakowa ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa su ƙarfi da kuma ci gaban da aka iyakance, da kuma a kan zangarniya su samar da shekara-shekara zobba. Waɗannan su ne na musamman shuke-shuke - ferns.

Nau'in da sunayen

Wasu mambobin wannan naúrar ne musamman na ado. Sauran ferns, photos da kuma sunayen da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin, daban-daban waraka Properties. Duk da haka wasu - suna shiga ko'ina a cikin dafuwa zane-zane (Bracken, strausnik, osmundra ruwan kasa). Akwai m shuke-shuke, kamar Dryopteris. Ferns, dangane da mazauninsu, an rarraba su zuwa terrestrial da kuma na cikin ruwa. Akwai kuma wani babban rukuni - itace.

Nephrolepis

A wurin haifuwa na wannan mamaki da kyau na cikin gida shuka ne na wurare masu zafi America. Ya na da dogon, mai lankwasa baka vayami marmari wavy ganye.

jimina fern

Sunan wannan shuka ta samu godiya ga kama da ganyen da siffar jimina gashinsa. Ya ke tsiro a kan karkata daga cikin Marshes, a damp gandun daji da kuma floodplains. Fast kiwo, da shuka Forms m thickets. Yana strausnik amfani florists for bouquets da kuma flower shirye-shirye.

lady-fern

Ya ke tsiro a cikin m shaded yankunan. Ana iya gani a cikin ravines da dazukan peatlands. Athyrium Forms tussock a marshland. Ya karfi dissected ganye da haske koren launi. A cikin hunturu, su mutu. A tushen da takaice, amma lokacin farin ciki isa. A cikin spring fara girma sabon matasa ganye. Propagated shuka spores.

phlebodium zinariya

Wannan inji ke tsiro a kan itatuwa, ana haɗe zuwa ganga "kafafu." An rarrafe rhizome tare da m ruwan kasa-zinariya flakes, daga abin da mika pinnate bar game da mita 1.5 dogon.

Bracken

A tsawo na da shuka iya isa fiye da 60 santimita. Yana faruwa a kusan ko'ina, ko da a kan bushe da matalauta kasa. Fern yana da wani horizontally dogon rarrabuwa rhizome, wanda tashi daga guda rawaya ganye. Tushen wannan shuka da warkar Properties kuma an yi amfani da kiwon lafiya kimiyya.

maidenhair

A mutane, wannan shuka ake kira "lady ta gashi." Yana yana da wani bakin ciki sosai da kuma dogon (35 santimita) na wani haske-koren ganye shirya a kan baki tushe. Maidenhair likes m inuwa. Yana za a iya girma a cikin gida gidãjen Aljanna ko a cikin gida.

Dryopteris

A yanayi wannan shuka ke tsiro a duwãtsu tsakanin duwatsu ko a cikin wani Inuwa gandun daji. Kamar yadda za a iya isa wani tsawo na 30 zuwa 150 santimita. Dryopteris yana da m rhizome, wanda tashi daga ganyen tare da dogon petioles kafa finjãlin giya kanti. Tasowa da shuka ne sosai m. Sunan ferns a wasu lokuta, saboda su nazarin halittu halaye. Yana za a iya ce game da Dryopteris. A underside na ganye na dasa suna located m gawarwakin rufe reniform sinkers kamar garkuwa. Wannan yanayin ya ba da sunan fern. A inji shi ne guba. Duk da haka, da yawa likitoci amfani da shi don samar da rootstock waraka potions.

iyali tsiateynye

Yana hada fiye da 600 jinsunan shuke-shuke. Wadannan itace ferns rarraba, yafi a gumi na wurare masu zafi zones. Shuka tsawo iya isa fiye da ashirin mita. Stability fern ne zai yiwu saboda da m plexus wuya adventitious Tushen cewa yin up ganga murfin. A ganye yawanci pinnate da kuma manya-manyan. Su tsawon na iya zama har zuwa shida mita. Wasu jinsunan ferns (sunayen da hotuna aka gabatar a kan wannan shafi) a cikin wurin da aka makala daga cikin segments da zuciyar lamina da m sassan na pneumatic masana'anta. Suna amfani da iskar gas musayar. A wasu shuke-shuke, pneumatic yankunan da aka bã a kan takardar.

iyali tsibotievye

Tsiro, yafi a cikin gandun daji na Asia, Amurka ta tsakiya, Mexico, a kudancin kasar Sin, kuma Hawaii. A wakilan wannan iyali da mike kara. Bar - sau biyu ko sau uku pinnate. A saman ganga an rufe tare da m cover, kunsha na mai taushi dogon gashin jikinta. Sun ganye da wannan shuka za a iya ci.

Tirsopterisovye

Members na wannan iyali - fern Thyrsopteris elegans tsiro ne kawai a tsibirin Juan Fernandez, dake a cikin Pacific Ocean kusa South America. Tsayinsa ne game da mita 1.5.

Kultsitovye

Wakilta manyan ferns tare da masu rarrafe kara. A tsawon shuka, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ya wuce 50 santimita. Bar - 4, 5-pinnate kananan (har zuwa 3 cm). Petioles ne haske ko duhu launin ruwan kasa. A ganye ba su cikakken tura, downy haske launin ruwan kasa ko m gashi. Sunayen fern shuke-shuke da wannan nau'in wadannan: Culcita coniifolia (tsiro a arewa da kuma a cikin cibiyar ta Kudu Amurka) da kuma C. macrocarpa (a Macaronesian floristic yankin). The yawan wannan nau'in an steadily ragewa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa irin wannan fern kunshe a cikin jerin kare tsire-tsire a Portugal da kuma Spain.

ruwa

Sunan fern - Salvinia marsileya da - ciki na uku kungiyar na shuka iri da aka bayyana ta da mu. Suna zaune na musamman a ruwa a jikinsu.

Hudu-Marsileya

Wannan shi ne wani karamin perennial shuka yana da fadi da klinkovidno-taso keya ganye. Sporokarpii 2-3 abubuwa ne a tushe na petiole. Kowane daga cikinsu yana da tsawon game 5 millimeters. Yawancin lokaci Marsilea tsawo ba ya wuce ashirin santimita. Duk da haka, iyo petioles na ganye iya isa 80 cm da rhizome - game 1 mita. Yawanci wannan irin fern amfani ga Popular tafkunan.

Salvinia

Wannan inji nasa ne da rare da kuma bukatar kariya. Sau da yawa sosai, Salvini an girma musamman domin gyara shimfidar wuri akwatin kifaye. A shuka za a iya gani a cikin ruwan Botanical gidãjen Aljanna. Azahiri, shi ba kamar yadda ya saba ferns. Kara Salvinia tsawo da kuma na bakin ciki (game da 15 cm). A ganye suna tattara a kan uku. Biyu daga cikinsu akwai dukkan elliptical cordate. Uku takardar - karkashin ruwa. An rufe hairs da kuma yanke zuwa threadlike tube, kama da asalinsu. Wannan takardar garwaya a gina jiki da kuma ruwa.

India

Sunan wannan nau'in na ferns ba tãtsuniyoyi da aka sani ga magoya na akwatin kifaye Flora. Tsire-tsire girma a wurare masu zafi yankuna na duniya. Its haske kore ganye suna yanka da kyau. A karkashin sharadi gwargwado, da abun ciki suna iya isa wani tsawo na 40-50 santimita.

Thailand

Gida shuke-shuke - da Kudu-East Asia. Fern yana da wani corrugated, m lanceolate ganye, wanda za a iya isa talatin santimita a tsawo. Suna gyarawa zuwa duhu kore sturdy rhizomes.