Naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan": description, inda ta ke tsiro da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Sai ya faru da cewa yanayin da Stores ba zato ba tsammani ya buɗe, da kuma hasken rana akwai m, ko da eerie shuke-shuke, wanda 'yan mutane sani. Ga wasu daga cikinsu ba su bukatar hawa da mafi duwãtsu ko sauka a cikin zurfin teku. Ko a kan nasu namomin kaza m da kuma sabon abu. Mafi yawan mutane a ambatar su ne boron, wanda flaunts wani lokacin farin ciki zangarniya ko boletus agaric daga itãce. Amma da naman kaza mulki sararin da bambance bambancen: daga microscopic zuwa manyan lokutta.

Amma daga cikinsu akwai kuma sosai sabon abu. Rasha gandun daji a cikin wannan ma'ana shi ne quite m. Za mu iya saduwa da talakawa namomin kaza, edible da kuma inedible. Amma idan ka faru da zama a wurare masu zafi gandun daji, za a iya samu irin wannan cewa kuma ana kiranta a naman kaza, amma daya ne kawai so - gudu.

Mẽne ne game? Kusan fim na "bare"

Kuma ban yi imani da idanuna, domin duk abin da ya faru alama mirgine daga almarar kimiyya. A nan ne kawai kwance a ƙasa mai tuber, a bit kamar dankalin turawa, da kuma wani lokacin daga baya ciyawa suya ja fleshy tentacles da aka saki daga gare shi. Kuma duk lokacin da alama cewa wadannan lovely wata gabar jiki kama ku a yanzu. A spectacle, frankly, creepy.

Amma babu bukatar a damu. Domin shi ne mai tsanani halitta ne ainihin wani terrestrial naman gwari. Yana haka an haifi tsvetohvostnik m (Clathrus archeri) na HALITTAR Reshetochnik iyali phallaceae - naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan ne." Wanda zai yi tunanin cewa bayyanar da shi don haka ba zuwa da sunan da.

Kuma duk da haka shi ne wani naman gwari!

A clathrus archeri mai yawa sunayen, amma mafi shahara tsakanin su "shaidan yatsunsu." Waɗannan su ne tentacles na ja inuwõyinta suna kusa, wanda, kamar sucker da dorinar ruwa tentacles, akwai baki duniyoyin (Saboda haka wani sunan - "naman kaza dorinar ruwa"). Wadannan baki katsin - Gleba emitting rududdugaggu wari rududdugaggu nama.

Shekaru naman kaza "Iblis ta yatsunsu" ne ko da muni. Its mai haske launi vuya, kuma ya kasance mai tsanani kodadde hannunka, idan ya fita daga kabari. Dandano cewa ya istochat, ire-iren su da wari daga Rotting nama. Sun janyo hankalin kwari, yada fungal spores a tsawon nisa.

Inda ya yi wannan mummunan naman gwari?

Ta yaya kuma inda ya aka zaunar da m naman kaza "shaidan ya yatsunsu"? Inda ta ke tsiro? An farko aka bayyana a cikin Tasmania da jimawa bayyana a Australia, sa'an nan ya bi ta hanyar New Zealand, Afirka, tsakiya da kudancin Asiya, kudancin Amurka, Saint Helena da kuma Mauritius.

Turai gan shi dan hanya. Babu wanda ya san ainihin lokacin shigar da shi a nan. An zaci cewa shi aka kawo Faransa da hatsari wani wuri tsakanin shekara ta 1914 da kuma 1920 a Australia, da kuma mai yiwuwa New Zealand, tare da ulu, kawota ga bukatun da yadi masana'antu. Ko watakila ta spores sun nan da Australian sojoji, 'yan soja ayyuka a kan ƙasa na Faransa a yakin duniya na farko. Ko da shi aka kawo kwatsam, ya acclimated quite da kyau. Wannan haka ban mamaki duba Australian namomin kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan ne."

Kuma a nan ne sakamakon

Tun tsakiyar 30 ta girma binciken samu a Turai. Suna da hankali, yafi a cikin Vosges duwãtsu a gabashin Faransa, kusan kusa da Swiss, da Jamus da kan iyakoki, ya haye da su da kuma yada kara a Jamus (a 1937), Switzerland (1942), Ingila (a 1945), Austria (a 1948), da Jamhuriyar Czech (a 1963). Bayan wasu shekaru 60, da naman gwari ya riga ya ƙware da Baltic Coast. Wannan ya faru fairly da sauri. "The yatsunsu na shaidan," mafi tsanani a duniya naman kaza, hadu da more kuma mafi daga Spain a yamma zuwa Poland da Ukraine a gabas, daga UK da Scandinavia a cikin arewa zuwa kudu na Balkan kasashen.

A farko binciken na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, alama a Kazakhstan (Aktobe yankin) a 1953, na gaba - a cikin Ukrainian Carpathians a 1977. Wannan na wurare masu zafi predator gamuwa, ko sosai da wuya, a Rasha. Yana yiwuwa ya aka kawo a nan tare da kasar gona da seedlings, amma a wasu kudanci da kuma tsakiyar yankunan sun samu nasarar rage darajar. Saboda haka, 'yan lokuta idan clathrus archeri kama da ido na naman kaza, alama a Sverdlovsk (1978) da kuma Kaluga yankuna (2000s).

Naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan" saba wa zaune tare da gauraye da deciduous gandun daji, wanda nasarar daukar tushen a cikin ƙasa humus da Rotting itace a cikin Sands na hamada da kuma Semi-hamada. Ya fara Bloom daga Agusta har zuwa karshen watan Oktoba. Yana gana naman kaza quite rare, amma zai iya girma zuwa wani babba lambar, idan yanayin yanayi damar.

Naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan": description

Naman kaza clathrus archeri iya ko da a kira tricky. Kuma duk saboda a farko ya pretends zama wani whitish toadstool, mafi al'amari da yanayin. Wannan ya shafi mataki a lokacin da shi ne a cikin nau'i na qwai daga 4 zuwa 6 santimita a diamita. Lokacin da namomin kaza ana wãtsa a cikin gandun daji, za ka iya tunani game da su duka, ko da ya kasance kuskure ga wani dan hanya dabba.

Kuma a gaskiya, da kwai yana da wani multilayer tsarin:

• peridium - topsheet.
• mucosa, cewa abun da ke ciki yayi kama jelly.
• da zuciyar wanda kunshi retseptakula (abin da zai zama petals na ja launi) da kuma a tsakiyar Glebe (spore-hali Layer).

Amma lokaci ya wuce, kuma suka fara fure. A spectacle ne ba kasa m lokacin fita daga karayar kwai harsashi a zahiri shiga zuwa takwas petals. Da farko, sun Fused a saman, amma nan da nan sosai da sauri rabu da kama ruwan wukake, ko tentacles, kamar wani dorinar ruwa.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da "helikofta" misãli zai zama mafi nasara. Za ka iya tunanin wani dorinar ruwa, tafiya daga daya nahiyar zuwa wani, kamar yadda clathrus archeri sanya a kan na karshe shekara ɗari? Ƙarshe da naman gwari samu cikin halayyar siffar wani star ko wani flower game da 15 santimita a diamita. Ciki da petals kama wrinkled porous soso, ta hanyar, shi ne quite gaggautsa, tare da duhu spots, kamar wani dorinar ruwa suckers. Suna rufe mucous Sporebearing Glebe, wanda shi ne daidai da tushen da numfashi ba ƙi. Amma shi janyo hankalin kwari nasara. Kuma da kwari yada zuwa sawayensa rigingimu wannan dodo a kusa da unguwa. Hakika, domin spore waste zaba ba mafi mashahuri a tsakanin sauran fungi hanya, amma shi ne haƙĩƙa tasiri.

Ban sha'awa naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan" yana da wani fili kafa. Kuma yana fitowa daga cikin kwai zaune kawai kwana biyu ko uku, sa'an nan bushe, kuma ya mutu. Amma wannan gajeren lokaci ya ishe kwaikwayon na ta aikin - canja wurin da iri domin ci gaba da tseren.

Naman kaza "yatsunsu na shaidan" - shi ne edible ko ba?

Lalle ne, mai ban sha'awa tambaya. Saboda haka, ko yana yiwuwa a ci mai ban mamaki halittar "yatsunsu na shaidan"? A naman gwari ne zai yiwu! Ko samu daya jarumi a California wanda ya dauki samfurin a kwai mataki. Ku ɗanɗani ya juya waje, don sa shi mai laushi, sosai m, kuma ji bayan wani dandanawa ne ba da mafi kyau, amma tunawa.

Idan kun kasance a cikin rayuwa yanayi, kamar a cikin hamada, kuma babu wani abinci, to, ku ci shi ma. Kada mutu da yunwa ne! A duk sauran lokuta, la'akari da shi inedible.

kusan zumunta

Sa'ad da dukan bambancinsa da otherness a cikin sauran gandun daji ma'abũta, akwai nau'in wajen kusa da irin wannan:

• Tsvetohvostik Javanisanci (Pseudocolus fusiformis syn. Anthurus javanicus). Yana za a iya samu a cikin dazuzzuka na Primorsky Krai. Ziyarci Nikitsky Botanical lambu (watakila wani wuri dabam) da za ku same ta a wani baho inda daya daga dasa wurare masu zafi da shuke-shuke. Ya bambanta daga Maharba petals, dunbin a koli.
• Red Reshetochnik (Clathrus ruber). Wannan naman gwari ne sosai rare.
• Veselka vulgaris (Hallus Impudicus). A jihar da kwai alama wani babba kama. Ya bambanta daga "yatsunsu" kawai yanke furanni, a Veselka shi ne kore.

Life "Iblis Yatsa" a cikin World Wide Web

Naman kaza clathrus archeri, ko "shaidan yatsu", shi ne don haka m cewa duk wanda ya hadu da shi, ya nẽmi kama wani ban mamaki gani. Kuma da Internet flooded iri-iri na hotunan daga wani irin dodo, amma a gaskiya kawai da naman gwari a duk matakai na ta gajeren rayuwa, daga qwai a warwatse a kan kore gandun daji, to kodadde, kusan fararen "hannuwa matattu mutum" kwance a ƙasa, kamar yadda idan ya karya daga kabari ta hanyar ƙasa strata.

The sosai farko bayyanar da hotuna a kan Internet ya sa ta tsanani shawara daga World Wide Web masu amfani. Balanci zato, ra'ayin da aka daban-daban: cewa halitta ne na Extraterrestrial asali, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin photo qwai a wanda amfrayo tasowa a m, ko da cewa shi ne ya fi kowa photo Montage, kuma ba gaskiya ba ne.

Daban-daban "fuskantar" clathrus archeri

Mun wanda dubi wannan mu'ujiza a duniya akwai da dama daga kungiyoyin. Wani gani shi a matsayin cacti, wani - cuttlefish, ga wasu shi yayi kama da star ko wani flower, da kuma wani ya zo nan da nan su damu dorinar ruwa tentacles.

Saboda haka da yawa da kuma irin sunaye daban-daban da wanda aka kira shi:

• "Yatsunsu na shaidan"
• "Iblis ta yatsunsu"
• "Ferris kwai"
• "Naman kaza-star"
• "M Kakakin dorinar ruwa"
• "Naman kaza-Cuttlefish"
• "Smelly Kakakin.

Clathrus archeri (Clathrus archeri) - etymology

Clathrus nufin "aron kusa kulle" ko "ajiya cell". Archeri kalma zo daga sunan Irish mycologist William m.

Notes a kan dodo tafiya fadin Turai

• Ukraine. Clathrus archeri aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi kamar wajen farauta. Kamar yadda ya zama al'ada tun 1977, rahotanni na wata ganawa tare da shi da kuma samu a yau daga Transcarpathian, da wuya Ivano-Frankivsk yankin. Kusan duk binciken rubuce a cikin gandun daji yankin, a kan gangara a tsawon mita 800 saman teku matakin.
• Jamus. Naman kaza clathrus archeri, ko "shaidan yatsu", samu a nan quite sau da yawa, tun a 1937 ya aka fara gano. Kuma duk da haka ya aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi.

• Czech Republic, Karlovy bambanta yankin. Kusa da kan iyakoki na birnin a cikin karamin kariya yankin boye rare jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ko da yake talakawan shekara-shekara zafin jiki ne kawai game 6 ° C, shi ya ba da ya hana yammacin sahara clathrus archeri zuriya shirya a cikin wadannan sassa. A rubabben itace shi domin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma ci gaban isa.
• UK. Ga naman kaza "shaidan ya yatsunsu" (clathrus archeri) - a rare find. Kuma da kawai jinsin da wanda shi za a iya rikita - shi Clathrus ruber. Amma akwai tabbacin cewa, sakamakon da xumamar duniya da za a iya more yadu watsa. Za ka iya tabbata cewa bai dade kasance kada a gane shi. A lamuni na wannan shi ne ya mummunan bayyanar da wulãkanci wari.

Ba zato ba tsammani, naman kaza clathrus archeri, ko "shaidan yatsu", aka bayyana a cikin 1860 da Birtaniya mycologist Michael Dzhozef Berkli, kuma ba shi da sunan Lysurus archeri. Daga baya wannan ban mamaki naman kaza aka sanya wa HALITTAR Clathrus wani dan Burtaniya Malcolm Donald Dring a monograph (1980). Wannan halittar yanayi ya zama sananne clathrus archeri, amma mafi kyau a san daga cikin mutane da ake kira "shaidan yatsunsu."