Mountains matsakaicin tsayi da kuma misalai. duwãtsu rarrabuwa

Mountains ne daban-daban: da haihuwa da matasa, m kuma lebur, kupolopodobnymi da kuma nuna. Wasu daga cikin su an rufe tare da m gandun daji, yayin da wasu - m dutse placers. Amma a cikin wannan labarin, za mu magana game da su tsawo. Abin da duwãtsu ne matsakaita, da kuma wanda ake dauke su high?

Dutsen matsayin wani nau'i na taimako

Da farko wajibi ne a amsa tambaya na abin da dutsen. Wannan shi ne m nau'i na taimako, halin da kaifi, kuma ya zama ruwan dare dagawa yankin. A wani baƙin ciki a fili gano uku main abubuwa:

• koli.
• matashin ƙafata.
• gangara.

Duk wani dutse tsarin na duniya - ba kõme ba sai wani hadadden tsarin na kwaruruka (kududdufai) da kuma ridges, kunsha na dama, mutum vertices. Dukansu suna da waje manifestations na ciki (na ciki) sojojin na Duniya - tectonic crustal ƙungiyoyi da kuma volcanic aiki.

Mountains haifar a farfajiya na duniya tamu ta fi kyau da kuma musamman shimfidar. Suna halin a irin ƙasa cover, musamman Flora da fauna. Amma mutane shirya a duwãtsu ne musamman m. Bisa kididdigar da, game da 50% na adadin jama'a na duniya na zaune a altitudes ba wucewa 200 mita saman teku matakin.

Nau'in duwãtsu a geomorphology. Mountain talakawan, low kuma high

A geomorphological kimiyya zuwa rarraba duwãtsu a kan wani yawan filaye :. Age, tsawo, Gwargwadon wuri, da Farawa, nau'i na fi, da dai sauransu ..

Bisa ga asalin su iya zama tectonic, volcanic da denudation na wani shekaru - haihuwa ko matasa. Da kuma matasa ne daya dutsen tsarin, da samuwar wanda shi ne kasa da shekaru miliyan 50. A ma'aunan kasa sharuddan ne sosai kananan shekaru.

A siffar ta saman dutsen ne:

• ishãra.
• Dome.
• Filato-kamar ( "Table").

Height saman teku matakin, geographers rarrabe dutsen:

• low.
• matsakaici.
• high.

Wani lokaci a cikin adabi za a iya samu kuma matsakaici high-Yunƙurin iri, kamar ƙananan tsakiya ko matsakaici high duwãtsu. Nan da nan shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa duwãtsu matsakaicin tsayi za a iya samu a wani bangare na duniya. Duk da haka, mafi yawansu a Turai da kuma Asiya.

Middle Mountain: misalai da kuma tsawo

8848 mita - wata alama ta kai girma ganiya a duniya - Qomolangma, ko Everest. A cikakkar tsawo na matsakaici duwãtsu ne yafi fadin: daga 1 zuwa 3 km saman teku matakin.

Mafi shahara misalai na irin wannan dutsen jeri - wannan ne Carpathians, da Appalachian Mountains, Tatras, Apennines, Pyrenees, Scandinavia da Drakensberg Mountains, da Ostiraliya Alps, da Stara Planina. Akwai duwatsu na tsakiya da kuma cikin Rasha. Waɗannan su ne Ural Mountains, Eastern Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (hoton da ke ƙasa) da sauransu.

An muhimmanci alama na matsakaici duwãtsu - wanzuwar altitudinal zones. Wato, da ciyayi da kuma wuri mai faɗi aka canza tare da tsawo.

Carpathians

Carpathians - mafi girma a size Turai dutsen tsarin rufe takwas kasashen. Masana harshe, bayanin asalin sunanta, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa wannan wuri da sunan yana da Indo-Turai tushen da kuma fassara a matsayin "dutse", "dutse".

Carpathians budewa a wani baka da rabi kilomita dubu daga Jamhuriyar Czech a Serbia. Kuma tsororuwar wannan dutse range ne ayi a kan ƙasa na Slovakia (dutsen, Gerlachovský ganiya, 2654 m). A m harka: tsakanin Alps da gabashin kakar na Carpathians - kawai da tazarar kilomita 15.

Karpaty - matasa duwãtsu. Su aka kafa a cikin Cenozoic. Duk da haka, su shaci ne santsi da laushi, cewa mafi halayyar da haihuwa-shekaru ma'aunan kasa Tsarin. Wannan za a iya bayyana ta da cewa Carpaty advantageously suya taushi kankara (alli, farar ƙasa, da kuma lãka).

Mountain tsarin ne zuwa kashi uku matukar sassa: Western, Eastern (ko Ukrainian) da kuma Kudancin Carpathians. Har ila yau, a cikin abun da ke ciki sun hada da Transylvanian Plateau. Carpathian Mountains ya bambanta fairly high seismicity. A nan ne da ake kira sashi na Vrancea, wanda "samar" da girgizar kasa na 7-8 da maki.

Appalachians

Geomorphology ne sau da yawa ake kira Appalachians m twin na Carpathians. A bayyanar da suka ba su bambanta ba yawa daga juna. Appalachian Mountains suna located a gabashin ɓangare na Arewacin Amirka, a cikin kasashen biyu (US da kuma Kanada). Su mai shimfiɗa daga cikin Gulf of St. Lawrence da Gulf of Mexico zuwa kudu. A total tsawon dutsen kewayon - game da 2,500 kilomita.

Idan Turai Carpathians - duwãtsu ne matasa, na Amirka, Appalachians - wani samfurin na baya Hercynian da Caledonian orogeny. Su aka kafa game 200-400 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.

Appalachian Mountains ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban albarkatun ma'adinai. Ga arziki a cikin jan karfe, asbestos, man fetur, da Karafa. A wannan batun, wannan duwatsu yankin ne ma sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin tarihi "masana'antu bel" da Amurka.

Australian Alps

Sai dai itace cewa da Alps ne ba kawai a Turai. Mazauna karami, kuma sarrafa giza nahiyar, ma, zai iya tafi yawo a cikin real Alps. Amma kawai a Australian!

Wannan dutsen da kewayon aka located a kudancin nahiyar. Wannan shi ne inda tsororuwar a cikin dukan na Australia - Dutsen Kosciuszko (2228 m). Kuma a kan gangara daga wadannan duwatsu samo asali mafi tsawo kogin na nahiyar - da Murray.

Australian Alps mamaki bambancin a wuri mai faɗi da sharuddan. A cikin wadannan duwatsu za ka iya samun kuma dusar ƙanƙara-bugawa kololuwa da kuma zurfin kore kwaruruka, da tabkuna da hujjõji ruwa. A dutsen gangara ake yi wa ado da ban dariya a cikin bayyanar kankara. The Australian Alps da dama na wasan kwaikwayo na kasa Parks da kyau kwarai ski mura.

a ƙarshe

Yanzu da ka san abin da talakawan dutse, da kuma abin da - ne high. Geomorphology ne iri uku dutsen tsawo tsarin. Medium duwatsu suna da tsawo daga 1000 zuwa 3000 mita saman teku matakin. Carpathian Mountains, da Appalachian Mountains, da Ostiraliya Alps - wannan shi ne mafi daukan hankali misalai na irin wannan dutsen jeri a cikin duniya.