Karsh a tsire-tsire na faruwa a cikin sel na gabobin. A cikin sel wani sashin jiki na numfashi ya auku a tsire-tsire?

A tsarin numfashi da hannu, wanda ya samar da oxygen zuwa ga jiki. A shuke-shuke, shi ne m ga dabba. Wannan tsari yana nan kowane lokaci. Karsh a tsire-tsire na faruwa a sel gabobin dake cikin farfajiya na ganye, mai tushe, da asalinsu. Yana mu'amala duk jiki Kwayoyin. Idan Flora faru blockage Kwayoyin, da ya kwarara daga carbon dioxide ceases. A wannan yanayin da shuka iya mutu.

tarihi bayanai

Gaskiyar cewa shuke-shuke nuna oxygen a lokacin numfasawa, aka rubuta a cikin kimiyya da ayyuka, AL Lavoisier. A 1773-1783 ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen. A sakamakon aikinsa ya gano cewa a konewa da kuma numfasawa sha mai yawa oxygen. Wannan saki carbon dioxide da kuma zafi.

Bisa aikinsa na masana kimiyya ya bayyana cewa numfashin da aka kona gina jiki a vivo. Daga baya, wannan aiki ya ci gaba da Ya Jan Ingenhousz. An kuma tabbatar da cewa a cikin duhu, da kuma hasken rana da ake tunawa da carbon dioxide da oxygen juyin halitta. Wannan yana nufin cewa da tsire-tsire a lokacin numfasawa iya aiwatar kamar yadda CO ₂ da kuma Yã _2, dangane da ko hasken da yake a cikin tsari, ko ba shiga.

Similar nazarin HF Sheynbayn kuma AN Bach. A 1897, an gano da ka'idar halittu hadawan abu da iskar shaka. A wannan shekarar kama ayyukan gabatar K. Engler. A shekarar 1955, O. Hayaishi da GS Mason amfani da gwaje-gwajen da ya tabbatar da cewa oxygen ne wani muhimmin kashi na Organic mahadi.

Bayani dalla-dalla na numfashi a tsire-tsire

Numfashin da aka kira a duniya tsari. An dauke da wani ɓangare daga duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. An kullum yi imani da cewa numfashin na shuke-shuke daukan wuri a cikin sel na gabobin da kyallen takarda, ta hanyar abin da gas musayar faruwa. Irin wannan tsarin da ake dangantawa da rai, da numfashi ƙarshe - da mutuwar dukan abubuwa masu rai.

Bayyanuwar rayuwa ne inextricably nasaba da makamashi kashe kudi. A lokaci guda akwai wani ci gaba, haifuwa, girma, cell division. Matsar da kuma tunawa gina jiki, da ruwa, da kuma daban-daban kira tafiyar matakai. Numfashi da tsire-tsire ne hadaddun Multi-bene tsarin. Conjugate oxidative matakai canza da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na gudanar da mahadi.

salula numfasawa

Irin wannan numfashi ne oxidizing tsari. Yana da hannu cikin Lalacewar oxygen da kuma muhimman abubuwan gina jiki. Saki makamashi na faruwa da kuma samuwar aiki metabolites. Sel ake amfani da su samar da muhimman rayuwa tafiyar matakai. A wannan yanayin da numfasawa a tsire-tsire na faruwa a cikin sel na gabobin da aka lasafta ta yin amfani da jimlar lissafi:

C6H12O6 + 602> 6S02 + 6N20 + 2875 KJ / mole.

A sakamakon makamashi da aka saki ne ba gaba ɗaya. Part na makamashi tara a cikin adenosine triphosphate. Bayan kira a kan membrane an kafa na bambancin lantarki zargin. Irin wannan sabon abu ne wadda ta gabãta daga bambanci da yawa na hydrogen ions wanda aka kafa a bangarorin biyu na membrane. Numfasawa da abinci mai gina jiki na shuke-shuke na faruwa ta wajen wani proton dan tudu. Shi ne babban makamashi abu da ake bukata domin bakin ciki matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin cell. Irin wannan tafiyar matakai an yi amfani da kira Saide, da ƙungiyoyi na ruwa da kuma na gina jiki. A sunadarai tsarin da m bambanci tsakanin muhalli da kuma cytoplasm. A makamashi da cewa ba zai iya tara a cikin proton dan tudu ne dissipated, kamar yadda haske.

Catalytic matakai na numfasawa

Hadawan abu da iskar shaka na substrates da aka yi ta enzymes. Suna da ake kira gina jiki mai kara kuzari. Enzymes da wasu halaye:

• sosai high lability.
• karin aiki;
• high bayani dalla-dalla ga substrates.

Numfasawa da shuka abinci mai gina jiki shi ne dogara a kan sarari fuskantarwa na wanda dabam a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ciki da waje dalilai. Yana faruwa a tsari na metabolism. Tare da wasu electron ra'ayi da alaka da hanyoyin da hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Iri hadawan abu da iskar shaka halayen:

• recoil electrons.
• Accession oxygen.
• janyewar hydrogen.
• bayyanar hydrated fili.
• janyewar protons da biyu electrons.

Hadawan abu da iskar shaka wakili ake dangantawa da sabuntawa na karbar. Irin wannan enzymes suna dauke su oxidoreductases. Kamar wancan akwai wani cire hašin protons da electrons. Su daukan Mai karɓar. A enzyme Forms canja wuri dauki. Irin wannan matakai sun hada da aerobic da anaerobic numfasawa.

aerobic numfasawa

Irin wannan tsarin numfashi nufin da oxidative tsari. Lokacin da numfashi shuka garwaya da carbon dioxide, haka sakewa oxygen. A substrate decomposes zuwa inorganic abubuwa makamashi. Babban substrates for shuka numfasawa ne carbohydrates. Bugu da kari a gare su, za a iya cinye samar da sunadaran gina jiki da kuma fats.

Irin wannan numfashi ya shafi biyu main matakai:

1. Oxygen-free tsari. Akwai faruwa a hankali a hankali ne jinkirin lalata na substrates, a saki hydrogen kwayoyin zarra da bonding aiwatar coenzymes.
2. Oxygen tsari. Ga can ne m tsakiyan nonon na hydrogen atoms. Su tashi daga numfashi substrate da hankali oxidized. A sakamakon haka ne a canja wuri na electrons zuwa oxygen.

anaerobic numfasawa

Irin wannan numfashi shuke-shuke faruwa ta hanyar kwayoyin da suke zaune a kan shuka cell. Don oxidize abubuwa ba su yi amfani da kwayoyin oxygen. Suna bukatar gishiri na nitric, carbonic da sulfuric acid, wanda a lokacin da tuba a cikin dogon matakai da gano fili. The bukata makamashi aka samu ta tsakiyan nonon mata na hadaddun kwayoyin kwayoyin a mafi sauki. A karshe electron Mai karɓar dauke carbonates, sulfates da nitrates. Nitric gishiri, sulfuric acid da kuma carbonic acid ana tuba zuwa rage mahadi.

A tushen tsarin

An ɓangare daga cikin shuka asalinsu ne numfashi. Domin da aiki girma na Flora bukatar sabo iska zuwa cikin tushen tsarin. Irin wannan numfasawa aka yi via da oxygen wadda circulates a manyan pores.

Lokacin da noncapillary porosity a lokacin dogon shawa ko wani wuce haddi danshi a cikin tukunyar ƙasa ne supersaturated tare da danshi. A wannan lokacin, da tushen tsarin yana fuskantar asphyxia. Wasu subspecies na shuka iya numfashi ta hanyar da oxygen narkar da a cikin danshi. Lokacin da wannan ya kwarara daga ruwa dole ne a kẽwayãwa ko gudãna. Lokacin da m danshi tushen Flora ba su samun da zama dole oxygen.

A m yanayi a lokacin numfashi shuka garwaya da carbon dioxide. Amma m yanayin, shi ba zai iya kai cikakken gas musayar. Girmancin slows saukar da yawa. A dangane da nitrogen oxygen matakin an rage zuwa 21%. Ƙarasa da yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai na kasar gona. A shuka na kama da iska da cewa ya zo a kudi na ganye, kara da haushi da shuka.

numfashi Meaning

Karsh a tsire-tsire na faruwa a Kwayoyin da gabobin ne mai babbar rayuwa tsari. A makamashi da cewa an saki lokacin da numfashi da aka kashe a kan girma da kuma aiki na Flora.

shuka numfasawa idan aka kwatanta da photosynthesis. A tsari ke ta dama, saukarwa. A matsakaiciyar saukarwa an kafa ta gudanar da mahadi. Suna amfani da rayuwa halayen. Wadannan sun hada da pentoses da kuma Organic acid wanda aka kafa a lokacin da lalata da numfashi. Saboda haka, numfashi aka dauke su source of metabolites.

numfashi tsarin yana dauke equivalents makamashi maroki NADPH da ATP. lokacin da numfashi Tsire-tsire nuna oxygen. A wannan tsari, da wakilan da Flora, ruwa da aka kafa. Lokacin da dehydration shuka shi kare shi daga hallaka.

Wani lokaci numfashi makamashi za a iya gano yadda zafi. A wannan yanayin, da numfashi tsari zai haifar da wani ba dole ba kashe kudi na bushe al'amarin. Karuwan numfasawa tsari ga shuka kanta ne ba a dukkan lokuta, shi ne amfani.