Moscow: yanayi. Iri-iri, fasali da kuma jan hankali

A Moscow yankin da aka located a cikin tsakiyar gabashin Turai Valley. Kuma a tsakiyar shi ne Moscow, da kuma yanayin da yake ya yiwuwa da farko zuwa wurinta, kuma ba yawa daban-daban daga yanayin da wuraren kiwo nata, da dukan yankin.

kasa yanki

Don arewa da babban birnin kasar Rasha da aka swamped Upper Volga kwaruruka, kuma zuwa kudu karya tuddai na Smolensk-Moscow Upland. A fannin akwai da yawa tabkuna da koguna, wanda yake fãra, yafi a cikin Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (Arewa-yammacin ɓangare na Smolensk-Moscow Upland), wanda shi ne mai watershed, kuma gudana ko dai a cikin Volga, ko a Oka. A Moskva-Oka bayyana tare da wani memba na ta Teplostanskoy Upland bautar da arewa maso yammacin Moscow yankin. A wannan tudu ne tsororuwar (253 mita), wanda alfahari a kai tsaye Moscow kanta. Nature kewaye babban birnin kasar da kuma m marshy kwaruruka Mescherskaya, mai shigowa daga gabas zuwa sandan kafa Klyazma da Moskva kogin. Zaokskaya bayyana rufe yankin daga kudu.

A gefen koguna, Lakes, gandun daji ...

Bayyana filayen kwarinta, tsaunuka, da waɗansu kõguna, wanda a yankin akwai game da 2000 guda, duk wannan kayyade gaban wani sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna cewa faye hali Moscow yankin da kuma Moscow kanta. A yanayi na babban birnin kasar da zagayenta yankin, dada kyau, ko da yake aiki anthropogenic tasiri (cikakken wani irin mutum aiki dangane da yanayi). Relict itatuwan oak, da coniferous gandun daji rufe 40% na dukan yankin, alhãli kuwa a cikin unguwannin gandun daji rufe 42% (2168 ha) yanki. Fadamun, filayen, ya zare gudãna ƙarƙashinsu, bogs (powered kawai hazo) da kuma kare ravines - don haka kama da yanayi na Moscow da kuma yankin.

gandun daji

Don ajiye duk huren yanayi, mutumin da aka, a gaskiya, mafi muhimmanci maƙiyi, kokarin yi my best. Yana halitta kare tattalin arzikin, kamar da "Zavidovo", ko kasa Parks kamar "muz Island", wanda ya hada da Terraced Oka Muciya Reserve. A cikin unguwannin bayan gari, mutane da yawa sun sakandare gandun daji, girma a kan shafin sa-hannun da filayen. Sun bambanta daga primary gandun daji da aka Sauki a tsarin da kuma manyan impurities Birch da Aspen. A Moscow kanta ma, 40% na birnin da aka rufe da gandun daji, daga cikinsu 21% suna shagaltar da Pine gandun daji (Serebryany Bor, da a kan wanda ƙasa akwai Pine itatuwa masu shekaru sama zuwa 170 years). Spruce gandun daji, shi ne sosai kula gurbatawa, shi ya kasance sosai kananan - kawai 2%. A Losiny Ostrov har yanzu akwai misalin shekaru har zuwa 130 shekaru. Moscow deciduous gandun daji rarraba ta hanyar irin kamar haka: - 10% itatuwan oak (Izmailovskiy shakatawa), Basswood -18% Birch bautarka 39 yanki%, Aspen - 4%.

Nau'in na dasa gandun daji na Moscow da kuma yankin

Musamman yanayin Moscow saboda gaskiyar cewa ta, kamar sauran na yankin, ya ta'allaka ne a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da gandun daji-steppe da gandun daji zones. Wannan shi ne, wannan yankin ne sosai kore. Arewa da yammacin yankin shagaltar da ta tsakiyar-spruce kuma Pine gandun daji. Meshcherskaya kwaruruka m part gabas yanki rufe Pine taiga tsararru da marshy filayen kwari ne alder itatuwa. Cibiyar na yankin da kuma yake a cikinsa Moscow, cikin yanayi na wanda shi ne mai arziki a kudancin taiga coniferous-deciduous gandun daji, cike da firs da pines, birches da aspens, kuma mulki a undergrowth na Hazel. Wajen kudu - da daula na m-Leaved oak, ban da abin da akwai Holly da Maple, kuma Elm kuma Linden. Kuma a cikin yankin na mika mulki zone (daga steppe zuwa steppe) a kan Moscow-Oka tudun har yanzu samu dasa spruce, misali, a cikin sama Lopasnya River. Amma kusa da kudu ne ƙara fadin gandun daji, steppe-kamar kore tsibiran daga tuddanta, oak gandun daji, ash kuma Maple itatuwa. Matsananci kudu da yankin da aka rufe da gandun daji steppe, wanda kusan gaba ɗaya nome kuma ba kiyaye su a cikin ta asali tsari, ko da fragmentary.

gyara na kurakurai

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa a cikin lokaci ne mai aiki reforestation. Kuma shi ya nuna da mutum ya tũba zuwa yanayi, da bada sama kawai mabukaci halaye. A Shaturskie Lukhovitsky da swamps located a kan gabashin yankin, ƙara ya fara saduwa da sababbin tsakanin 'yan qasar shuke-shuke.

Beauty ba zai kashe

A muka ambata a sama ayyukan mutane, ya hada da alkari'u cikin ƙasa, da jari na babban adadin yawan jama'ar, da kasancewa da gudana gina titunan da Railways, hydrography canji area (kogin gyare-gyare, zargin sabon kududdufai, da dai sauransu), a m yawan outbuildings, duk da cewa cewa ya kamata a tare da most birnin, babban birnin kasar na babbar jiha. Kuma duk da haka, yanayin Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin aka ruɗar da zarar Yuriya Dolgorukogo, da kuma a zamanin yau musamman kyau da kuma bambance bambancen.

Yawan fauna

Duk da yankunan da mutum mataki, akwai zauna, ko suka yi yawa wakilan da dabba duniya. A cikin yankin a kusa da Moscow da kuma rayuwa 60-70 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Bayan su, akwai ake samu daga dabbobi masu rarrafe (6), halittar dabba mai kafafuwa (7), kifi (40). Kuma da yawa tsuntsaye a nan! Na 120 jinsunan zaune a unguwannin bayan gari, 29 shiga cikin yankunan tsakiya da birnin. Kuma a yankin, akwai fiye da 200 jinsunan zaune a nan har abada ko akwai tsuntsaye span. Kwari ne ma wata babbar adadin - 135 jinsunan malam, 300 (daya cikin goma na ma'aikacin kotu) jinsunan ƙudan zuma. Bugu da kari, akwai ake samu fara ne kawai (8), fari (23), ƙasa beetles, kwari, mazari, tururuwa, kudaje gabatar tare 50th jinsunan. 9 Kuma suka shiga Red Book - 4-daban na Blues, da kuma 5 jinsunan tururuwa. The tsarki na ruwa a Moscow ya ce akwai da dama daga alƙarya na kunkuru a fagage daban-daban na yankin. The Red Littafi shiga goma sha biyu irin dabbobi da suke zaune a cikin Moscow yankin.

Namun daji da bambancin Moscow

Taiga jinsin dabbobi, wanda suke matukar kowa a cikin filin, gabatar hare da kuma yawo squirrels. Mafi na kowa tsuntsaye ne takaddamarsu, capercaillie, bullfinch, kazalika da Willow tit, crossbill-Elovikov, kuma Redwing blackbird-ryabinovik. A bambancin yanayi a Moscow aka wakilta irin wannan nau'in na manyan dabbobi samu a cikin deciduous gandun daji, Roe barewa da daji boar, hange deer kuma Pine marten, mink da polecat. A kusa da kusanci zuwa ga babban birni rayuwa Sony kuma tawny mujiya. Me ake wadannan iri suna kira dangane da ba kawai da yankin, amma Moscow kanta? Saboda daya daga cikin farko na kasa Parks a Rasha - "muz" Tsibirin ", inda kusan dukkan wadannan dabbobi rayuwa, da aka located a kan ƙasa na Moscow, a cikin birnin iyaka.

'yan qasar yanayi

A temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi na Moscow ne, a gaskiya, da miƙa mulki daga m zuwa kaifi nahiyar Turai Asiya. A takaice, da sauyin yanayi na Moscow ne sosai dadi - a gwada m hunturu da kuma gwada da gumi lokacin bazaar. Gõdadde da yawa na Rasha litattafansu, 'yan qasar yanayi na Moscow a kusa da masoyi ga kowane Rasha, ba kawai saboda soyayya ga ta zo ga mutum tare da mahaifiyarsa ta madara, amma kuma saboda yana da gaske mamaki kyau. Shi ne isa zuwa ga retrospective na zane-zane da Rasha artists tare yadu samuwa don tabbatar da cewa wadannan su ne ba komai kalmomi. Family da kuma ze polenovskie "Moscow Yard" da "Kaka ta Garden", yana farin Pimenovsky "New Moscow", amma zuciyata aches daga daruruwan zane-zane na gida artists, depicting yanayi na ƙasar haihuwarmu. Moscow - 'yan qasar Rasha birni, dake a cikin zuciya na Turai na Rasha, sabili da haka yanayin Moscow wakiltar Rasha, ko da yake yanayin da sararin kasa daya daga wasu ɓangare na nuni ne da wuya.

Halitta jan hankali a Moscow

A Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin mai yawa na halitta jan hankali. Wadannan sun hada da, na farko, kuma farkon, "Serebryany Bor" da "muz Island". tukuna "Black Lake" da "Botanical Garden Vilar" za a iya kira daga wani m jerin. Ban sha'awa abubuwa ne "Valley of Nativity a Mitino creek" da "Halitta Reserve Krylatskiye tuddai." Kazalika "Biruliovsky arboretum" da "Big Vostryukovsky kandami" da kuma dozin halitta jan hankali, ziyartar wanda za ka iya samun wasu ra'ayin yanayin Moscow da kuma Moscow yankin.