Abin da shekara ƙirƙira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma wanda shi ne mahaliccin wannan musamman na'urar?

A yau duniya akwai abubuwa ba tare da wanda a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta kamar yadda ba tare da hannuwanku. Computer linzamin kwamfuta - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda na'urorin, ba tare da abin da mai amfani kusan ba zai iya yi. Its main nufi - gina inji motsi na kwamfuta mai amfani a cikin yunkuri na siginan a kan allo. Hakika, za mu iya yin daya kadai keyboard, touchscreen ko touchpad, amma har yanzu ba za mu iya kwatanta wasan kwaikwayon na kwamfuta ba tare da wani linzamin kwamfuta hawa babur ba tare da pedals. Bari mu gano abin da shekara ƙirƙira da linzamin kwamfuta da kuma wanda ta mahalicci.

Me wani linzamin kwamfuta mai suna Mouse

Akwai iri biyu na sa a na'urar Kwafa da linzamin kwamfuta. Wasu mutane sun yi imani da cewa da wannan sunan ba ta da wani American m Douglas Engelbart, kamar yadda ta drive kama da wutsiya. Sauran lura cewa sunan zo daga kalmar linzamin kwamfuta «linzamin kwamfuta» wahayi zuwa gare ta acronym hannu sarrafa User Signal Encoder ( «al'ada encoder siginar da aka hannu sarrafawa").

"Kuma a cikin abin da shekara da muke ƙirƙira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta?" - Ka tambayi. Kamar yadda Engelbart ya ce kansa a wata hira, da ra'ayin da ya halittun bayyana a cikin 50s, yayin da karatu a Jami'ar Berkeley a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Akwai wani masanin kimiyya, ya shiga cikin radar shigarwa, wanda kasance a NASA.

A tarihin na farko linzamin kwamfuta

Magana, a cikin abin da Ya ƙãga da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma abin da ta kama, ba shi yiwuwa ba a tuna da abin tunawa ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, 1968. A wannan rana, Engelbart farko da ya gabatar a kusa da sabon firtsi, wanda ya ɗauki na aikin sunan "jan kafar kwamfuta." A farko linzamin kwamfuta bai ji dadin fadi da shahararsa a cikin mutane, saboda shi ne ƙwarai, da tsauraran matakan, m. Amma lokacin da mahaliccin nuna zana real-lokaci iko - shi ne kamar wani aron kusa daga blue.

Douglas ne daya daga cikin sahun gaba na gudanar da bincike mutum-inji dubawa. Ya kuma zama mahalicci da wani rubutu edita, kungiyar online taro. Ya rubuta fiye da 25 takardunku a cikin mallaki 20 patents na fasaha qirqire da yawa awards.

Bayan aikatã game da al'amarin a cikin abin da Ya ƙãga da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, za mu iya motsa smoothly zuwa ga yin amfani. A shekarar 1986, kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, kazalika da sauran halittun Engelbart, ya kasance unclaimed kuma bai kawo sa ran koma mahalicci. Amma shi ne har yanzu ban mamaki na'ura, da kuma yanzu ba zai iya yin wani kwamfuta aiwatar ba tare da shi.

Mun ci gaba da shi kwatsam. Na al'ada masu kula (joystick, keyboard) kawai ragae saukar da aikin windowing yanayi, da kuma Douglas sauri je sama tare da kari da cewa shi ne iya sauƙaƙe aiwatar da. Wannan na'urar ya gaske m find, wanda bai wanzu a duniya.

Abin da shekara ƙirƙira da linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma hanyar da ta duba

Engelbart da takwarorinsa halitta a tebur da halaye na duk aka sani manipulators a lokacin, ciki har da kafa, da kuma sauran na gwiwa. Bayan wani lokaci, da haske ya bayyana sosai m gina wani babban katako, akwatin da kadan ja button da kuma m "wutsiya" a karkashin mai amfani da hannunsa. Ciki sun biyu karfe fayafai, wanda samar da linzamin kwamfuta don motsawa gaba da baya da baya, dama da hagu. A farko aiki samfur gabatar takwarorina Engelbart - Bill Turanci, a shirin fasalta rubuta Jeff Rulifson.

NASA bai yaba halitta jan kafar, kuma Engelbart bai competently wakiltar su ci gaba daga wani kasuwanci ra'ayi, da imani Naively cewa m mutane za su gaggauta warware duk kan. A shekarar 1986 ya samu wani lamban kira ga "nuna alama gudanarwa" x da kuma y "ga wani nuni tsarin" da ake bukata don ƙirƙirar sabuwar linzamin kwamfuta. Wannan tsari ne na daban daga na farko samfurin - ta riga da uku mashiga, amma cikin zamani version of shi ne har yanzu sosai nisa.

ban sha'awa gaskiyar

Da farko kwamfuta sa, da suka hada da wani linzamin kwamfuta ya zama mini-kwamfuta Xerox 8010, wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1981. Linzamin kwamfuta da wannan kamfanin kunshi uku mashiga, da kuma kudin $ 400. A shekarar 1983, sanannen kamfanin Apple ya halitta na musamman da linzamin kwamfuta da daya button ga Lisa kwamfuta, da farashin da ya auku ga $ 25.

karrama

Mun duk samu daga abin da shekara ƙirƙira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta. Shi ne a cikin shekarar 1968, Engelbart samu wani sakamako ne kan ƙarya a cikin adadin 10 dubu. Dollars. Amma riga a 1997, injiniya da ayyuka da aka kimanta ba yafi hakan - ya aka bayar da Lemelson-MIT Prize (a cikin adadin 500 dala dubu), da kuma daga baya nuna da babbar kyauta Turing.

A shekarar 2000, 1 Disamba, ya aka bayar ga sabuwar dabara, ciki har da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, da National mindar na Technology ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da Amurka lambar yabo ga nasarorin da IT-Sphere. Engelbart bai arziki da kuma nasara, ya jagoranci wani suna fadin salon, da kuma game da shi, 'yan tuna. Kuma a cikin 2013, a shekaru 88, ya bar mutum duniya.

Game da nan gaba

Yanzu mun samu fitar, abin da shekara ƙirƙira da kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma wanda ya aikata shi. Sai tambaya ya rage - abin da jiran ta a nan gaba? Babu wanda ya san tabbas, amma gaskiyar cewa shi zai siffantãwa da hulda da kwamfuta a cikin shekaru goma, yana da wuya a kalubalanci. Wani al'amari a abin da fom shi zai faru - a cikin azanci shine, mai rumfa ko biomechanical. Lokaci, ba shakka, sa kome a wurinsa, kuma mun kawai bukatar jira domin ci gaba motsa on.