Mongolia (Jamhuriyar): Capital jan hankali

A kasar da aka located a cikin zuciya na Asia. Wannan shi ne yankin ƙasar fili steppes, rairayi, sararin duwãtsu, m blue sama da kuma zafi rana. M Mongolia yana shahararre halitta dũkiya.

Amsoshin tambayoyi da yawa game da wannan da kyau kasa za a iya samu a cikin wannan labarin. A da shi za mu gaya game da tsarin siyasa (Mongolia - a jamhuriyar ko daular mulkinsu). yanayin wuri, yawan jama'a da kuma yafi.

Mutane da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa iya gaya da dogon tarihi na Mongolia. Features na zamanin d hadisai da kuma al'adu ne m da bambance bambancen.

janar bayanai

Mongolia na da duka na 250 kwanaki na sunshine a shekara.

Wannan m kasa, sau da yawa ake kira "ƙasar blue sama", shi ne wurin haifuwa daga cikin manyan nasara Genghis Khan. Rocky duwãtsu, blue tabkuna, m matakan da zinariya Sands na Gobi hamada - duk mai Mongolian halitta shimfidar wuri. Akwai da yawa Buddha, suna remarkably m unguwa da ta musamman da kuma rarrabe al'adu.

harkar shugabanci

Mongolia - a jamhuriyar ko a jiha?

A mafi majalisu ikon Mongolia - Great Hural (majalisar). A unicameral majalisar yana da 76 mambobin (na kundin tsarin mulki) tare da izni ga shekaru hudu. Majalisar yana zabe ta kuri'u, babban nau'i na aiki wanda suke zaman wanda ya zauna kawai a lokacin da akwai 2/3 ko fiye na duk mambobinta.

A iko na majalisar dokokin kasar - da samuwar babban zartarwa dalĩli a Mongolia (da gwamnati karkashin jagorancin firaministan kasar). The shugaban kasa ne shugaban kasa, wanda za a iya zabe daga Mongolian jama'a suka yi ta kai shekaru na 45 na tsawon 4 years (yanayin - wani m wurin zama a cikin gida na karshe 5 years).

Bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki, a karfi tun shekarar 1992, Mongolia - a majalisar jumhuriya. Manyan jam'iyyun siyasa biyu: Mutane ta Revolutionary Party, da Democratic Party, da Democratic Party da kuma addini Ganye.

Har shekara ta 1992, kasar da aka sani a matsayin Mongolian People ta Tsakiya.

A shekarar 1991 ya zo da iko, da Democratic Party a cikin shakka daga wani m juyin juya halin. Tun daga shekarar 2009, kasar da aka za'ayi da yawa da sake fasalin.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Wannan kasa bautarka bangare na Asiya ta tsakiya.

Mongolia - jumhuriyar, wanda yana da wani kanti a cikin teku. Iyakar ne Rasha zuwa arewa, kudu da yamma da kuma gabas - tare da kasar Sin. Dukan tsawon na Mongolia iyakoki ne 8162 kilomita (a cikin t. H. 3485 km Rasha).

A yankin na jihar - 1 566 000 murabba'in kilomita.

Geographically Jamhuriyar, Mongolia ne zuwa kashi 21 yankunan (aimag), kunsha na karami administrative raka'a - somoni. Bi da bi, kowane somoni (total 342) raba da kwari (birged). A total na 1539.

3 Mongolian birnin Erdenet, Darkhan da Choyr ne a kan matsayi na m raka'a.

Gobi hamada lullube a kudancin Mongolia, da iyaka da kasar Sin. Mongolian Altai dutsen kewayon stretches daga yamma da ke jihar a kudu maso yammacin. Yana da girma ganiya - ganiya Khüiten ganiya (4374 mita).

Da dama manyan sunã gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, a cikin ƙasa na Mongolia, kunneKunna, Selenga, Tesiyn Gol Kerulen, Khalkhin Goal da dai sauransu

babban birnin kasar

A ban mamaki tsohon birnin cike da Monuments na tarihi, yana da Mongolia (Jamhuriyar). A babban birnin kasar na Ulan Bator (Ulaanbaatar a cikin gida rubuce-rubuce) ya ƙunshi fiye da miliyan 1.3 mazaunan. Ya kamata a lura cewa sau da dama da babban birnin kasar na jamhuriyar aka sake masa suna, kuma su motsa.

Ulaanbaatar kafa a XVII karni (1639). A baya can can sun kasance babban birnin kasar: URGO (1639-1706 shekaru), su Khuree (1706-1911 shekaru), Niyslel Khuree (daga 1911 zuwa 1923.) Kuma Ulan Bator (1924).

A baya can a shafin na birni ya mai Buddhist sufi.

Population, harsuna

Mongolia ya sa up 85% na jimlar yawan, 7% - da Kazakhs, fiye da kashi 4.5% - Durwood da kuma fiye da 3% - wakilan kabilun daban-daban. Kuma Mongolia gida fiye da miliyan 4 mutane na Mongolian kasa.

Total yawan mutane a farkon shekara ta 2009 - game 2.7 mutane miliyan.

The hukuma harshe ne Mongolian (Uralic iyali).

A bit na tarihi

Mongolia - Jamhuriyar, wanda kwastan da kuma hadisai suna kafe a cikin jama'ar na zamanin d mutane wanda da zarar zaune da yankin Asiya ta tsakiya.

Mutane da yawa kwastan Are amo mara sa na zamanin d Buddhist da shamanistic rituals da cewa suna da wani addini manufa da kuma abun ciki a kan lokaci da aka rasa. Duk da haka, wasu na al'ada ayyuka har yanzu mutunta da yan unguwa.

Akwai da yawa camfe da taboos da cewa suna da na kowa tsakiyar Asiya asalinsu. Saboda haka, su ne guda da Buryats da mangolawa.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa Mongolia har yanzu ci gaba da kuma tsoron tsoho kwastan na nomadic rayuwa, kuma a yanzu sun rayu a ji alfarwansu, da kuma a can a birbishin aiki management abincinsa noma.

Kullum, mutane a cikin Mongolian yankuna bayyana dogon lokaci da suka wuce, da yawa dubban shekaru da suka wuce. Daga farkon prehistoric sau, shi ne zaunar da makiyaya, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ta samar da wata dama na jihar tarayya. The Sin gina sanannen Great Wall saboda sosai tsoho mangolawa.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

Mongolian jigo mai suna Temujin a 1206 ya samu title Genghis Khan da kuma nasara a yawan kasashe da mutanen. Saboda haka akwai da Mongol Empire. Bayan rasuwar Genghis Khan, shi ya kasu kashi hudu Khanate. A lokacin, daular da aka located a yankunan daga Korea zuwa Poland, da kuma Vietnam a kudu zuwa Siberia a arewa.

Tun da XVI karni a Mongolia ya fara yada addinin Buddha bayan m internecine wars ga ikon da kasar Sin ta mamayewa sojojin.

Mongolia da aka sarrafawa da Sin daular Qing har 1911.

Saboda haka, Mongolia - a jamhuriyar ko ba?

MPR, da kuma sada zumunci ga USSR, aka kafa a 1924.

Kuma tun shekarar 1992, a hukumance Mongolian People ta Jamhuriyar aka kira Mongolia.

addini

Mongolia - jumhuriyar, wanda aka mamaye da Mahayana addinin Buddha (94%), shamanism a arewacin da kuma Musulunci (4%) - a kan yamma. Kawai a cikin karni na ashirin da kasa da yawa Buddhist gidajen lama - 'yan ɗari, game da 30% na namiji yawan mutane da sufaye.

A Mongolia, da anti-addini yaƙin neman zaɓe, kusan halakar da muhimman gidajen da tsarin da aka tura tun cikin thirties na wannan karni. Mutane da yawa sun kasance a rufe, kuma wasu wawushe kuma hallaka. Duk da haka, bayan wani demokra] iyya ya gyãra (90), 'yancin addini da aka ayyana. Lama sake fara ayyukan. A Ulan Bator yau akwai har ma da Orthodox Church. Rarrabe cikin sharuddan addini Jamhuriyar Mongolia.

gani

A cikin babban tsoho Mongolia tsira da wata babbar iri-iri na musamman archaeological da kuma tarihi-gine Monuments. Kusa da kogin. Chultyn Gol yana da mafi tsoho Neolithic zane-zane karkashin kariyar UNESCO.

Har ila yau, a saman 10 mafi kyau Mongolian jan hankali zai iya hada wadannan:

- sanannen Bell of Peace, located in Ulaanbaatar.

- Grand kabarin na Sukhbaatar (ma a babban birnin kasar).

- Khan ta fada da kyau sculptures na Tara (aljanna) a cikin babban birnin kasar Mongoliya, .

- Gandan sufi.

al'ada

Mongolia - jumhuriya, da hadisin da al'adun wanda shi ne mai arziki da bambance bambancen. Makiyaya domin ƙarni yawonta cikin hamadar da kuma matakan na Asiya ta tsakiya, da kuma kiyaye canzawa wasu kwastan. Kowane Yuli a Mongolia bikin Nadd idi tare da gargajiya Mongolian gasa a doki racing, archery da kuma fama. bikin karshen hunturu da kuma zuwa lokacin da Sabuwar Shekara - kuma tare da gasar.

Daban-daban bukukuwa aka gudanar a Mongolia: Farauta gaggafa. Yak da raƙumi.

A ƙarshe, da tattalin arzikin

Mongolia ta fuskar tattalin arziki tsauri ci gaba da kuma shi ne daya daga cikin alamar rahama kasuwanni a arewa maso gabashin Asiya, da kuma kusan duk kan Asia-Pacific yankin.