Modern explorers, kuma su binciken

Da alama, a yanzu tafi suna da kwanaki discoverers, aka bar a kan taswira fari aibobi. Amma dai itace, da kuma a yau ba za ka iya yin tafiya da kuma nazarin Mai ɗaurin sasanninta na duniya. Misali mun riga ya gano duk nahiyoyi da kuma tsibiran, ko da daga sarari za ka iya ganin mafi m da m yankunan, da kuma na bincike tunanin mutum buga kanta sabon kalubale da kuma warware su, shirya expeditions. Su wane ne zamani matafiyi na 21st karni?

Sunayen na zamani matafiyi

Lokacin da muka tuna da sanannen majagaba, tare da babban Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen da Lazarev, da sauransu, magana game da mu Sahaban. Names Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Sienkiewicz, Konyukhov da sauran masu bincike kuma sauti kamar waƙar yabon Allah ga nazarin wannan duniya tamu. Modern matafiya da su samu ne mai kyau misali su bi.

Jacques Iv Kusto

Cousteau - mafi girma oceanographer, a Faransa masanin kimiyya da bincike. Wannan shi ne mutumin da ya gano wurin karkashin ruwa duniya ga bil'adama. Wannan hannuwansa da aka sanya tabarau na ruwa, na farko aqualung, sanye take da farko bincike jirgin ruwa, don yin karatu cikin tẽku zurfin. Ya rike na farko film harbi a cikin ruwa.

Domin da farko lokacin da mutane da damar da za su motsa yardar kaina a cikin ruwa da kuma nutse zuwa zurfin 90 m. A karkashin jagorancin farko Cousteau karkashin ruwa expeditions aka shirya. Farko shi ne archaeological da bincike kan teku bene, kuma harbi a zurfin da dama kilomita.

Lokacin da Cousteau halitta "karkashin ruwa saucer" - wani mini-submarine gano yiwuwar ruwan shafi ya kara da cika fuska. Ci gaba da aka bisa ga lokaci na karkashin ruwa bincike tashoshin inda zamani matafiya rai ga dama watanni kuma zai iya sa lura kai tsaye zuwa cikin teku.

A sakamakon shekaru na aiki a kan nazarin Cousteau karkashin ruwa duniya ya fara littattafai da fina-finai da suke da girma shahararsa: "A shiru World", "World Ba tare Sun" shirin gaskiya jerin "Hidden Odyssey Cousteau". Tun shekarar 1957, ya shugabanci Oceanographic Museum a Monaco. "Cousteau Society for Marine hanyar kula da dazuka" da aka kafa a 1973.

Daga karrama, ya yi imani da babban Tuli na karimci. Cousteau mutu a 1997 a Paris.

Thor Heyerdahl

Wannan sunan shi ne ma saba wa duk wanda ya ke ko da dan kadan sha'awar tafiya. Thor Heyerdahl shahara tafiya Kanmu ya tabbatar da ra'ayi a kan shiri na sassa daban-daban na duniya.

Heyerdahl farko sa a gaba da ra'ayin cewa da tsibirin na Polynesia iya an lugar da baƙi daga Kudancin Amirka. Don tabbatar da wannan ka'ida, ta zamani, matafiya a karkashin ya jagoranci sanya unprecedented tafiya a kan Balsa katakon ninkaya "Kon-Tiki" a fadin Pacific. Duka game da 8000 km a 101 kwanaki, da balaguro kai Tuamotu Islands. A wannan yanayin, da katakon ninkaya ya rike buoyancy, kuma idan ba a gare da hadari, mai yiwuwa iya rike fita har sai da bakin tekun na Asia.

Wannan ya biyo ta expeditions a kan Reed jirgin ruwan "Ra" da "Ra-2", wanda hannu mu takwararta Yuri Senkevich. Boat "Tigris", yin iyo a cikin abin da ya nuna yiwuwar links tsakanin Mesofotamiya da sashin na Hindustan, aka ƙone da tawagar a zanga-zangar soja mataki kashe bakin tekun na Djibouti, da kuma balaguro aka ba su kammala.

Heyerdahl a yankunan da yawa ba su yarda da kimiyya duniya da kuma sa a gaba ka'idojin. Domin shekaru masu yawa ya yi karatu da asirai na Easter Island, musamman da asalin daga cikin shahararrun dutse quarries. Tours da'awar cewa giant mutummutumai da aka kerarre kuma ya isa zuwa wurin da mazauni ne na tsibirin, wanda ya ba kayan aiki na zamani don dutse aiki da kuma motocin. Kuma da sakamakon bincikensa suka sa mamaki, ko da yake ba a gane ta fi masana kimiyya.

Rigima theories Heyerdahl rubutu kuma labarin da dangantakar dake tsakanin Vikings da mazaunan Caucasus da kuma Azov. Ya yi imani da cewa Vikings - daga Arewa Caucasus. Amma don tabbatar da wannan ka'idar ta hana mutuwa a shekara ta 2002.

Heyerdahl littattafai masu yawa game da ra'ayi a kan ci gaban duniya da kuma tafiya, fina-finan sanya game da su har yanzu suna sosai ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa ga kowa da kowa.

Yuri Senkevich

Modern Rasha matafiyi kuma rundunar rare TV shirin a cikin kasar, "Ka yi tafiyar Club", na iyakacin duniya mai bincike, ya halarci 12th Soviet Antarctic Fe.

A shekarar 1969, kungiyar na balaguro zuwa "Ra" Thor Heyerdahl rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet da wani gayyatar su shiga a ta likita da mai kyau da ilmi na harshen Turanci, tare da kwarewa a expeditions da walwala da annashuwa. A zabi fadi a kan Sienkiewicz. Gaisuwa da kuma gaisuwa, tare da wani kaffa ra'ayinmu game da rayuwa da kuma basira daga cikin yin aiki, Yuri sauri sanya abokai da Heyerdahl da sauran tawagar 'yan.

Sa'an nan, suka ba kawai da hannu a cikin expeditions daga cikin shahararrun Norwegian. Da yawa karatu Heyerdahl zama da aka sani Soviet viewer nan da nan godiya ga talabijin show, wanda aka gudanar da Yuri Senkevich. "Club kinoputeshestvy" ya zama saboda mutane da yawa taga a cikin duniya, ba ka damar samun Masana ban sha'awa wurare a cikin duniya. canja wurin baƙi zama na zamani matafiyi: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Yatsek Palkevich, Carlo Mauri, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Sienkiewicz dauki bangare a likita goyon bayan expeditions da Arewa iyakacin duniya da na Dutsen Everest. Yuri Alexandrovich mutu a 2006 a kan sa na gaba TV shirin.

Tim Severin

Mutane da yawa zamani matafiya maimaita hanyoyi navigators da explorers na baya. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - Birtaniya Tim Severin.

Ta farko da tafiya ya sanya a sahun Marco Polo a kan babura. Bayan barin Venice, Severin kuma comrades haye, kusan duk na Asiya da kai kan iyakar kasar Sin. Akwai ya kammala tafiya, a matsayin izinin ziyarci kasar da aka samu. Ara nazarin bi Kogin Mississippi (yayin da tafiya tare da shi a kan kwami da kwalekwale mai inji). A gaba balaguro - daga St. Brendan ta fadin Atlantic ..

Wahayi zuwa gare ta Kasadar na Sinbad da Sailor, Severin sanya miƙa mulki daga Oman a kasar Sin a kan wani sailing jirgin, shiryar kawai da taurãri. A shekarar 1984, Severin da 20 oarsmen tawagar maimaita hanya na Argonauts a Colchis (West Jojiya). A shekara ya sanya wani tafiya a cikin zambiyõyin Odysseus daga Homer ta waka na wannan sunan marar lalacewa.

Waɗannan su ne kawai wasu Severin hanyoyi. A nasa Kasadar, ya rubuta wani littafi mai ban sha'awa, amma ga "Sinbad ta Journey" aka bayar da babbar Thomas Cook.

Modern 21st karni matafiya

Duk da cewa kotu na 21st karni, ruhun kauna ga kasada da kuma tafiya bai bace. Kuma yanzu akwai mutanen da suka ba zai iya zama a cikin ta'aziyya na gida, suna janyo hankalin da ba a sani ba, da ba a sani ba.

Daga cikin su akwai zamani Rasha matafiya. Zai yiwu mafi shahara daga cikinsu shi ne Fyodor Konyukhov.

Fedor Konyukhov

Its sunan ne sau da yawa kara wa "na farko". Ya kasance na farko na Russia ziyarci da uku sanduna na Duniya: Arewa, ta Kudu, da kuma a kan Everest. A farko a duniya lashe biyar sandunan - da aka kara wa baya iyakacin duniya na Inaccessibility a Antarctica da kuma Cape Kakakin, an dauki matsayin da irin wannan ga boaters. A farko daga Russia ci "Big Bakwai" - hawa da mafi kololuwa dukkan nahiyoyi fãce Turai da kuma Asiya dabam.

A asusun da ya da yawa expeditions, mafi yawa matsananci. Grooms sanya hudu tafiya a kan wani jirgin ruwa mai filafili a duniya. Ski mika mulki Member "da Tarayyar Soviet - da Arewa iyakacin duniya - Canada".

Littattafan ana karanta a daya numfashi. Kuma a nan gaba da tsare-tsaren - tafiya a duniya, a wani balan-balan.

Dmitry Shparo

Somin-ta ~: na iyakacin duniya mai bincike da kuma bincike. Back a shekarar 1970, ya shugabanci ski balaguro zuwa tsibirin na Komsomolskaya Pravda. Bayan shekaru uku, ya yi tafiya zuwa Taimyr Larabawa a search na sito daga cikin shahararrun iyakacin duniya Explorer Eduard Toll. A shekarar 1979, a karkashin shugabancinsa, an sanya duniya ta farko balaguro zuwa ski da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun kamfen - to Canada ta cikin Arctic Ocean matsayin wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwa Soviet-Kanad balaguro.

A 1998, tare da dan a kan kayan gudun kan haye da Bering mashigar. A shekarar 2008, ya shirya biyu expeditions da Arewa iyakacin duniya. Daya daga cikin su aka sani na duniya na farko nasara iyakacin duniya kan kayan gudun kan da dare. A na biyu shiga matasa masu shekaru 16-18 shekaru.

Dmitry Shparo - Club Oganeza na "Adventure." A ma'aikata gudanar da marathons fadin kasar tare da halartar mutane tsare a keken hannu. Mafi shahara shi ne kasa da kasa hawa Kazbek keken hannu daga Caucasus, Rasha da kuma Norway.

zamani matafiya

Labarin kasa na zamani tafiya ne sosai m. M shi ne karami da aka sani, kuma m yankunan na Duniya. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye sau da yawa kama wuri a karkashin matsananci yanayi, bukata da aikinsa na duk kasar.

Hakika, a daya labarin da wuya a rufe duk sunayen. Anatoly Khizhnyak binciko karami da aka sani kabilu a jungles na Amazon da kuma Papua New Guinea ... Naomi Uemura, shi kadai yi tafiya zuwa Arewa iyakacin duniya, to iyo da Amazon, wanda ya yi nasara da Mont Blanc, da Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Akonkugua Everest ... Reinhold Messner, mutum na farko , zuwa hawa duk 14 guda takwas-thousanders na duniya ... ga kowane daga cikinsu yana yiwuwa ya rubuta wani raba littafin. Su Kasadar wahayi zuwa gare su, matasa da al'ummomi daga matafiya.