Thor Heyerdahl: littattafai, tafiya da biography. Wane ne Thor Heyerdahl?

Mun bayar a yau don Masana daya daga cikin shahararrun mutane na XX karni - Thor Heyerdahl. Wannan Norwegian Anthropology shahara a ko'ina cikin duniya godiya ga expeditions to m wurare da yawa littattafan kishin tafiyarka kuma gudanar da bincike. Kuma idan yawancin mu yan'uwanmu 'yan ƙasa san amsar wannan tambaya da wanda yake Thor Heyerdahl, bayanin sirri rayuwa da sana'a ilmi yan. Saboda haka, za mu dubi wannan mutum mai girma kusa.

Thor Heyerdahl: photo, yara

A nan gaba duniya-mashahuri masanin kimiyya da kuma matafiyi, An haife a kan Oktoba 6, 1914 a wani karamin gari Norwegian kira Larvik. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin iyali Heyerdahl aka kira su 'ya'yan mai suna Tour. Duk da haka, duk da cewa duka biyu da shugaban iyali - mai shi na madafar giya, kazalika domin uwar - anthropological gidan kayan gargajiya ma'aikata, su aure shi ne na uku a jere, kuma sun yi tashe da yara bakwai, shi yake ƙarami ɗa, aka yanke shawarar a suna cikin iyali Estate yawon shakatawa. Uba, idan ya riga ya wani tsofaffi mutum (a lokacin dansa ta haihuwa ya kasance 50 years old), da isassun albarkatu da kuma da tsananin yarda da cewa tafiya zuwa Turai. A cikin tafiye-tafiye ya zai dauki da kuma yaron. Uwar kuma ya ƙaunaci Tour da kuma ba kawai ¡uraishi shi da so da kuma hankali, amma kuma tsunduma a ilminsa. Shi ne da godiya ga ta, yaron farka sosai farkon sha'awa cikin ilmin dabbobi. Irin wannan babbar sha'awa da kuma ƙarfafawa daga iyaye ya kai ga cewa Thor Heyerdahl halitta mai karamin gida Zoological Museum, mafi m nuna wanda wani cushe viper. A nan, kuma da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa, kawo daga m kasashen. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa baƙi zo da iyali Heyerdahl ba kawai kofin shayi, amma a kan wani karamin yawon shakatawa.

matasa

Bayan barin makaranta a shekara ta 1933, Thor Heyerdahl shiga Jami'ar Oslo a Zoological sashen, cewa babu wani daga cikin dangi sun ba mamaki. Duk da yake karatu a jami'a, ya sadaukar da yawa lokaci fi so ilmin dabbobi, amma sannu a hankali ya fara samun shiga da kuma zamanin da al'adu da wayewar. A lokacin da wannan lokaci da cewa ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa zamani mutumin ya manta game da tsofaffin hadisai da kuma dokokin, wadda daga ƙarshe ya jagoranci wani jerin fratricidal yaƙe-yaƙe. Af, da Tour ya rike amana a gare shi, har sosai karshe minti ransa.

Link to cikin ɓata

A karshen bakwai semesters Heyerdahl samu gundura a jami'a. Bayan duk, a wancan lokaci ya riga ya mai da gaske encyclopedic ilimi, wasu daga cikinsu sun samu daga iyayensu, da kuma wasu riƙo ta hanyar zaman kanta nazarin batutuwa da dama. Ya so ya yi nasu bincike da kuma tafiya zuwa m m tsibirin. The fiye da haka, saboda abokansa da kuma magoya bayan Hjalmar Broch da Christine Bonnevie, wanda ya hadu da a lokacin tafiya zuwa Berlin, sun yarda su taimaki a cikin kungiyar na balaguro zuwa Polynesian tsibiran don gano yadda shi zai iya zama wakilan da fauna cewa zauna wadannan wurare a yau. Sha'awa, wannan tafiya ya ga matasa masanin kimiyya ne ba kawai wani m kasada, amma kuma gudun amarci. Bayan duk, kafin na tashi Thor Heyerdahl ta auri wani dalibi na Faculty of Economics - kyakkyawa Liv Coucheron Thorpe. Liv shi ne guda adventuress, kamar mijinta. A wannan yanayin, shi ne ba kawai tare da wani rangadin da ya balaguro, amma ya kasance da aminci mataimakin, kamar yadda a baya yana duba da littattafai masu yawa a kan ilmin dabbobi da kuma Polynesia.

Journey to Fatu Hiva

A sakamakon haka, a 1937, Thor Heyerdahl da matarsa Liv tafi zuwa ga m gaba da Polynesian tsibirin Fatu Hiva. Akwai su koya su tsira a cikin daji, don saduwa da jama'a da kuma yin bincike a fannin kimiyya. Duk da haka, a shekara daga baya, biyu da ya katse ya balaguro. Gaskiyar cewa Tour ya tsince quite wani hatsari cutar, amma Liev ciki. Saboda haka, a 1938, matasa masu bincike koma zuwa Norway. Saboda haka ya kawo karshen ziyararsa ta farko da almara Heyerdahl. A wannan balaguro, ya ce a cikin littafinsa "A Search Aljanna", saki a 1938. A 1974, da Tour ta wallafa wani kumbura version na wannan aiki, wanda aka mai suna "Fatu Hiva."

Yi tafiya zuwa Canada

A 'yan watanni bayan ya dawo daga Fatu Khiva Liv haifi ɗa, wanda aka bai wa sunan na yawon shakatawa iyali hadisin. Bayan wani shekara, ma'auratan da aka haife na biyu dan - Bjorn. The shugaban iyali ya ci gaba da kimiyya aiki, amma sannu a hankali sai ya fara kai fiye da mutane, ba dabbobi. Saboda haka, wanda ya tafi zuwa ga Polynesia masanin kimiyya, dabbobi, Anthropology, koma kasarsa. Da sabon burin da aka samu amsar wannan tambaya na yadda zamanin d Incas iya samun daga Amirka zuwa Polynesia. Ko watakila shi ne kawai da m? Saboda haka Heyerdahl yanke shawarar zuwa Canada, to wurin da Indians rayu kafin. Ya yi fatan cewa, akwai za a iya kiyaye tsofaffin al'adun da Mariners. Duk da haka, duk da cewa da Tour ya yi tafiya da yamma na Canada, ya kasance ba su iya samun zama dole bayani.

Yakin duniya na II

A lokacin balaguro, Heyerdahl a Canada, yakin duniya na II ya fara. A matsayin gaskiya Bakan'ane, Tour so kare su mahaifarsa a kan maƙiyansa. Don yin wannan, ya koma Amurka da kuma soja kurum marar a cikin aikin soja. A lokacin yakin, Heyerdahl iyali rayu farko a Amurka, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga UK.

Tafiya Thor Heyerdahl: Fe "Kon-Tiki"

A shekarar 1946, masana kimiyya ne sha'awar wani sabon ra'ayin: ya yi imani da cewa a zamanin da, na Indiyawan Dajin Amirka iya iyo a cikin tsibiran a cikin Pacific Ocean a kan wani katakon ninkaya. Duk da mummunan dauki a kan wani ɓangare na tarihi, Tour shirya wani balaguro da ake kira "Kon-Tiki" da kuma tabbatar da rashin laifi. Bayan duk, ya kuma tawagar gudanar a samu a kan katakon ninkaya daga Peru zuwa Taumotu tsibirin na tarin tsiburai. Abin sha'awa, masana kimiyya da dama ƙi yin ĩmãni a duk in da cewa tafiya kamar yadda dogon har muka ga yin fim a cikin wani shirin gaskiya fim na balaguro. Back gida, Heyerdahl saki matarsa Liv, wanda nan da nan ta auri wani m American. A yawon shakatawa ne a 'yan watanni baya ya auri Yvonne Dedek-Simonsen, wanda daga baya ta haifa masa' ya'ya mata uku.

Journey to Easter Island

Heyerdahl iya taba zauna har yanzu na dogon lokaci a wuri guda. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1955 ya shirya archaeological balaguro zuwa Easter Island. Yana kunshi sana'a archaeologists daga Norway. A lokacin balaguro cikin Tour da kuma abokan aiki gudanar da wani 'yan watanni da tsibirin, binciko muhimmanci archaeological shafukan. A mayar da hankali na aikin da aka biya don sassaka gwaje-gwajen, motsi da kafuwa daga cikin shahararrun moai mutummutumai. Bugu da kari, da masu bincike da hannu a cikin tono a cikin uplands da Poike Orongo. Bisa ga sakamakon aikinsu, 'yan balaguro sun wallafa wani yawan kimiyya articles cewa aza harsashin ginin a nazarin Easter Island, wanda ya ci gaba da wannan rana. Kuma Thor Heyerdahl, wanda littattafai ne ko da yaushe wani babban rabo mai girma, rubuta wani bestseller mai taken "Aku-Aku".

"Ra" da "Ra II na"

A marigayi 60-ies na Thor Heyerdahl ya zama sha'awar da ra'ayin wani teku tafiya a cikin jirgin ruwan na Papyrus. A shekara ta 1969, da indefatigable Explorer tashi zuwa tsohon Masar zane kimanta a kan wani jirgin ruwan da ake kira "Ra" a cikin tafiya a fadin Atlantic. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa jirgin da aka yi na Habasha kyauro, ta kyawawan sauri sharkaf, haifar da mambobi na balaguro ya jũya bãya.

Next shekara daga baya a karo na biyu jirgin ruwa a kan ruwa, da ake kira "Ra II». Yana kammala shan la'akari baya kuskure. Thor Heyerdahl sake nasara, tanã gudãna daga Morocco a Barbados. Kamar haka ya ya iya tabbatar da su duk duniya kimiyya al'umma, cewa tsoho matuƙan iya iyo a fadin teku a karkashin ze tashi, ta amfani da Canary Yanzu. Balaguro "Ra II» hada da wakilai daga kasashe daban-daban, daga cikinsu shi ne shahararren Soviet matafiyi Yuri Senkevich.

"Tigris"

Da aka sani, kuma shi ne daya daga Thor Heyerdahl jirgin ruwan da ake kira "Tigris". The bincike gina wannan iyo craft na kara a 1977. balaguro hanya ya tafi daga Iraq zuwa gaba na Pakistan da kuma sa'an nan a cikin Bahar Maliya. Saboda wannan teku tafiya, Thor Heyerdahl tabbatar da yiwuwar kasancewar da kuma bunkasa cinikayyar na lambobi tsakanin Mesafotamiya da Indiya wayewa. A ƙarshe na bincike balaguro ƙone da jirgin ruwan a zanga-zangar soja mataki.

A rashin bincike

Thor Heyerdahl ko da yaushe fatan samu kasada. I bai canja shi ba da kanka a shekaru 80. Saboda haka, a 1997, don saduwa da wani tsohon abokina tafi zuwa ga takwararta, kuma memba na balaguro "Ra II» - Yuri Senkevich. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da shirin "Matafiya 'Club", ya nuna masu sauraro inda ya na zaune Thor Heyerdahl. A gwarzo na labarin da aka gaya masa yawa da tsare-tsaren, daga abin da yake da wani tafiya zuwa Easter Island.

'yan shekarun nan

Thor Heyerdahl, wanda biography da arziki ƙwarai da daban-daban abubuwan da hedonistic zauna aiki ko a sosai tsufa. Wannan kuma ya shafi sirri rayuwa. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1996, yana da shekaru 82, wata mashahuri masanin da kuma bincike saki daga matarsa ta biyu da kuma jima'i da Faransa actress Zhaklin Bir. Tare da matarsa ya koma Tenerife, inda ya sayi wata babbar qasaita, gina fiye da karnuka uku da suka wuce. Ga ya jin daɗin aikin lambu da kuma ko da ya nace da cewa mai kyau halitta iya samun fita daga shi.

Ya mutu cikin babbar Thor Heyerdahl a 2002 yana da shekaru 87 daga kwakwalwa ƙari. A karshe lokacin rayuwarsa, ya aka kewaye da ya uku matarsa da su da 'ya'ya biyar.