Methanol: sakamako a kan jikin mutum da inhalation, taimakon farko

Dalma da methanol da ethanol ne fiye da hanyar tawaya da kuma mutuwa. Wannan yawanci ya faru tare da mutanen da suke amfani da su cinye barasa musanya kuma ba lura da bambanci tsakanin su. Hakika, babu wanda zai iya zama lafiya daga matalauta ingancin kayayyakin da ake sayar a Stores, don haka ka bukatar ka san yadda za ka gane da guba da kuma cewa a wannan yanayin ya dauki.

jiki Properties

Methanol ne a colorless ruwa tare da wani wari na barasa, readily mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Yana za a iya gauraye da kwayoyin kaushi, kamar benzene, acetone, sauran alcohols. Ga lamba tare da iska cakuda zama m, goma sha shida digiri Celsius isa ya ƙonewa faru. A kashi na mutuwa ga mutane shi ne 100 milliliters.

samarwa

A sayar sikelin methanol iya nuna hanyoyi da dama. Abu na farko ya fara zuwa sama bayan bushe barasan na itace a hade tare da lignin, to, akwai fasahar samar da barasa da bazuwar daga cikin salts da formic acid a ƙarƙashin rinjayar high yanayin zafi. Lokacin da shi ya zama uneconomic, an yanke shawarar haduwa methanol daga methane da m hadawan abu da iskar shaka da shi. Yanzu ga wannan dalili, carbon dioxide da hydrogen da Bugu da kari na wani jan-tutiya kara kuzari.

dawo da

methanol-kayayyakin dauke da ƙazantar da yanayi. The ruwa wanda aka yi amfani da tsarkakewa da kuma barasan, don haka tare da cikakken abubuwa masu cutarwa, da cewa ko da bayan maimaita tacewa, hazo da kuma sinadaran tsarkakewa shi ne har yanzu m don sha. Saboda haka, a lokacin da shi ne ci gaban da methanol samar da fasaha da rufaffiyar madauki. Wannan yana nufin cewa ruwa da za a reused, amma ba ci kamar yadda nazarin halittu, ko sunadarai sharar gida. Ganin matsalar na sabo ruwa a Duniya, wannan tsari zai taimaka ajiye muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa.

da yin amfani da

A sayar sikelin methanol amfani da sauran ƙarfi ga lacquers da Paints, a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin m sinadaran samarwa a matsayin substrate for medicaments. Shi ne wani ɓangare na maganin daskarewa ruwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin methanol amfani a samar da formaldehyde matsayin ƙari ga fetur, a Bugu da kari, shi ne kara wa man fetur domin racing motoci da babura.

Mutane da yawa turare kamfanoni amfani da methanol a samar da turare ga mafi m dandano, amma a cikin CIS irin wannan da aka haramta da doka a kan mabukaci hakkin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a lokacin da gas da kuma man fetur kayayyakin ma sami yin amfani methanol. Ana rinjayar da gishiri da aka ajiye a kan ganuwar da ruwan shambura, haka rike su iya aiki.

metabolism

Hankula bayyanar cututtuka na maye za a iya gani a cikin sa'a guda bayan shan abu, amma a wasu mutane da cututtuka iya ba bayyana kansu har daya da rabi kwanaki. An hanzari tunawa a ciki, amma da aka metabolized sannu a hankali isa haka shafe ta daga jiki a cikin mako guda. Idan jinkiri tsakanin allurai na kananan, da guba, za su tara. Fiye da 70% na dukiyarsa aka nuna a lokacin numfashi, tare da kusan babu gubobi decompose. Sauran 30% a cikin hanta bayan neutralization barin jiki da fitsari.

Action na methanol da ethanol a jikin mutum shi ne a take hakkin redox matakai, haddasa hypoxia da acidosis. Wannan, bi da bi, take kaiwa zuwa wani rashi na bitamin C da kuma B1 da Yunƙurin na maye. Wadannan alcohols suna classified kamar yadda neuro-jijiyoyin bugun gini da protoplasmic poisons.

Effect a gani

Kamar yadda idan inhaled, da kuma cewa ingestion na methanol sakamako a kan wahayi da ya rage m. Da shan kashi na na gani jijiya da kuma haske a jikin lura a lokuta da m, abin mãye da kullum guba. Pathophysiology yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne saboda da kayayyakin metabolism na methanol. Sun hana isasshen oxidative phosphorylation a cikin akan tantanin ido da kuma rage gudu da samuwar oxygen-free glucose. A rashin na gina jiki shi ne cutarwa ga sashin jiki na hangen nesa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, methanol tururi hangula mucous, abu don kumburi, edema da kuma zafi.

inhalation

Mai guba tururi formaldehyde wuya dauke da tsarki methanol. Action a kan jikin mutum da inhalation auku a matakai biyu. A farko zo da dauki na gida hangula na mucous da kuma bayan sha a cikin jini - tsari guba na jiki. Clinical cututtuka kamar haka. A aka azabtar tanã kai ƙãra na dizziness, tashin zuciya, jin da hazo kafin idanunsa saboda tsananin maye. Bugu da kari, sharply rage gani acuity, zafi a dama babba quadrant. Irin wannan guba sau da yawa na kullum fiye da m, saboda karfi hangula daga cikin manya na numfashi fili mutane don kauce wa lamba tare da methanol.

Ingestion

Methanol yankunan da sakamako a kan jiki ne sau da yawa bayyana a cikin yin amfani da denatured barasa da kuma sauran magunguna. Domin mutum hadari ne ko goma milliliters wannan "abin sha", da kuma kashi na talatin ml iya zama m. Duk da haka, wannan mutum zai iya amsa daban zuwa methanol, to amfani da shi har abada, ko kuma dogon lokaci. Yawancin lokaci mutane lura cyanosis (juya blue), da kuma wani rare zurfi numfashi, zai yiwu convulsions. Pulse ne speeded up, da dauki ƴan zuwa haske ya bace. Mafi sau da yawa, mutuwa ya auku saboda numfashi lõkacin fatara. Idan mutum ne m, ya koka da jin zafi a ciki, rawar kwari a gaban idanunsa, hangen nesa matsaloli. Ko da haƙuri shi ne iya tsira a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki, da matsalar aiki na samfur na hanta ne riga babu ja.

kullum guba

Idan aka lura karu a launi hangen nesa, retinal atrophy, edema da kuma mutuwa na na gani jijiya hana dauki na ƴan zuwa haske mai kara kuzari. Man samun gaji da sauri, fuskantar ciwon kai a lokacin da na biyu da rabi na rana, akwai wani wuce kima irritability, tearfulness, da kuma wani tunanin lability. Idan inhaled ko shan abubuwa ma ba dauke da methanol, da sakamako a kan jikin mutum zai zama ƙasa m. Yana mai bayyana karuwa da tinnitus, m colds, tari wani kwakkwaran dalili ba, ciwon kai, gani hanawa.

Effect na methanol a kan fata da aka arancinsu karatu. Wannan yakan auku lokaci guda tare da inhalation na tururi, don haka da cewa na tsari bayyananen fi yawa a kan na gida. Amma idan akwai lokacin da mai zane-zane zubar da sauran ƙarfi da kanta a kan tufafi da takalma. Maimakon canji, mutumin ya ci gaba da aiki. A 'yan kwanaki bayan wannan ya faru, ya kasance makãho.

farko-taimaka

Da farko, muna bukatar mu cire methanol. Action a kan jikin mutum (da taimakon farko ta dogara ne a kan pathogenesis na guba, don haka ba za ka iya karba maganin guba) da aka guba rayuwa kayayyakin. Saboda haka, wanda ya samar da magani daga likita, bukatar da ta jinkirta ko a hana nassi na methanol zuwa formaldehyde. Don yin wannan, yin ciki lavage idan aka azabtar da aka dauka zuwa asibiti a lokacin farko da sa'o'i biyu. Plus, da igiyar jini jiko ne 5% yin burodi soda (1 lita) da kuma, bayan wanka, shi wajibi ne ma sha wani bayani (4.2 lita). Don kula da ake bukata matakin na ikon zuwa na gani jijiya da kuma kwakwalwa allura subcutaneously da 500 ml na 5% glucose. Da zarar kowane awa daya da rabi gaggawa matakan kamata sha bayani dauke 5 g sodium hydroxide. Har ila yau nuna igiyar jini sodium lactate bayani, har zuwa 4 galan kowace rana.

Duk wadannan ayyuka suna da za'ayi tare da hourly iko da acid-tushe jihar jini matakan bicarbonate da kuma acidity na fitsari. Shi ne kuma dole ka saka idanu da electrolyte matakin da daidaita shi kamar yadda ake bukata. Kulawa ayyuka na zuciya ake bukata.

Ethanol - wani abu da kau da methanol. A mataki a kan mutum kwayoyin haka bayyana cewa hanta enzymes zai zama "m" na al'ada hadawan abu da iskar shaka na ethanol da methanol kasance canzawa da zai barin jiki da exhaled iska da kuma fitsari. Lokacin da aka sani cewa wanda aka azabtar ya sami wani babban kashi na methyl barasa, shi nan da nan gudanar intravenously 5% ethyl barasa bayani na 5% glucose bayani a cikin kudi na 1.5-2 g barasa da 1 kg na haƙuri nauyi da rana, kullum sa idanu da taro ethanol a cikin jini, kamar yadda sauƙi daga miyagun ƙwayoyi iya juya zuwa guba.

Action methanol ne pernicious ba kawai ga nan da nan da manufa gabobin - rinjayar duk tsarin na jiki. Saboda haka, symptomatic magani hada da oxygen far, CPR, zubar jini, da miyagun kwayoyi don inganta abinci mai gina jiki na zuciya tsoka da kuma rike da excitability da contractility. Idan haƙuri yana da shafi tunanin mutum da canje-canje, to, shi ne ba da wani magani mai kantad da hankali. A cikin matsanancin, a hemodialysis.

m matakan

A ranar, da aminci masana bayar da shawarar maye gurbin methanol masana'antu. Sakamako a kan jikin mutum da wannan abu ya wuce yadda ya dace da da amfani. Akwai wani madadin a cikin nau'i na ethyl barasa, roba alcohols. A musamman m wuraren da shawarar a sa gas masks.

Action methanol da mutum, kamar yadda za ka iya gani, korau. Domin kare mutane daga ba dole ba lamba tare da wannan abu da ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman lakabtawa na kwantena dauke da shi da kuma a bainar jama'a samuwa kayan, kamar lacquers, Paints da su kaushi. Bututun da methanol iya fentin a cikin dace launi, gargadi ma'aikatan na gidaje da kuma zamantakewa da sabis, saboda shi ne ba kawai mai guba amma kuma m, musamman a kusa da babban ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi ko gas bututu, wanda sukan aza tare.

A karshe ina son kira ga waɗanda suka, duk da dukan, a kai a kai yana amfani da methanol: sakamako a kan jikin mutum, ya na da biyu instantaneously da hankali, kuma babu wani tabbacin cewa idan ka kauce wa dalma kafin, shi ba zai kama ku a nan gaba. Ka mai da hankali da kuma karanta tasirin hankali!