Menene sunan litattafan Gogol? Ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar litattafan Gogol

Nikolay Vasilevich litattafan Gogol - daya daga cikin shahararrun litattafansu na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Tarihinsa ne tana tattare a cikin asiri, da ta asĩri. Zai yiwu wannan ya shafa da mawãƙi da kuma litattafan ayyukan, saboda ayyukan da ya yi ne ma cike da Sufi.

The m labarin litattafan Gogol

Litattafan Gogol ta rayuwa shi mawadaci ne kuma cike da ban tausayi lokacin. A lokacin da rayuwar da mawãƙi fuskanci da jita-jita, sau da yawa ƙawãta. A dalilai domin wannan da yawa: litattafan Gogol da aka sani a matsayin mai da mutum rufe, kusan ware daga jama'a. Kuma ko bayan mutuwarsa ya kasance fiye da daya da rabi da ƙarni, to wannan rana game da rayuwarsa da kusan kome ba ne da aka sani.

Litattafan Gogol, ban sha'awa facts na rayuwa wanda ci gaba da za a bude a kan wannan rana, yana karkata mythologizing nasa biography. Saboda haka ya gangan yi shiru game da rayuwarsa, har ma da fito da labarai cewa bai taba faruwa da shi a hakikanin rai.

The iyali daga cikin manyan marubuci kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo,

Kada ka san yadda sunan litattafan Gogol da gaske? Riddles kewaye shi tun haihuwa. A mawãƙi zo daga daraja daraja iyali litattafan Gogol-Jankowski, da suka samo asali a cikin 17th karni. Family labari yana da shi cewa kafa na Ukrainian Cossack iyali ya Ostap litattafan Gogol - hetman na Dama-Bank Ukraine.

Litattafan Gogol ta uba - Vasily litattafan Gogol Afanasievich-Jankowski. Basil Afanasievich wani marubuci, mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Ayyukansu (ga mafi part, da plays ga kananan sinimomi) ya rubuta a cikin Ukrainian. Wannan ma ya shafa da rabo daga cikin matasa Nikolai, wanda rashin alheri rasa mahaifinsa sosai a farkon - yaron ya kawai shekaru 15 da haihuwa a lokacin da ya mutu.

Tsohuwarsa wani mawãƙi kuma mawallafin Maria Ivanovna litattafan Gogol. Wannan shi ne dauke da "m" sha'awa, dan addini da kuma Sufi. Bugu da kari ga Nikolai a cikin iyali yana da goma sha yara. Litattafan Gogol na uku, kuma a gaskiya, mafi tsufa yaro a cikin iyali - na farko guda biyu da jariran da aka haife matattu.

Sada asiri na mai baiwa: Menene sunan litattafan Gogol

Kamar yadda sunan litattafan Gogol? Duk da cewa wannan sada gaskiya ana rayayye tattauna da masana tarihi da kuma Malaman tarihi, a haihuwa, kamar yadda muka sani, da mawãƙi aka mai suna Nikolai. Amma 'yan san cewa haihuwa da wani yãro, aka mai suna Yanovsky. Af, tare da shekaru 12 na classic Rasha sa a hyphenated sunan: litattafan Gogol-Yanovsky. An yi imani da cewa marubucin, ba da sanin tarihin asalin wannan sunan, yi jĩfa da shi domin ya yi tunani shi ƙirƙira sandunan.

Yanzu da ka san yadda sunan litattafan Gogol ta haihuwa, zai gaya maka wasu ban sha'awa facts daga rayuwar litattafan Gogol.

A tasiri na yarantaka a kan kerawa litattafan Gogol

Great marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo na yara ya ciyar a ƙauyen. Yaron da aka kullum nutsa cikin yanayi na Ukrainian rayuwa. Kuma a game da rayuwar manoma da ma'aikata ya san matsayin da yawa game da rayuwar wani bafada. Yana ya shafi mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukan litattafan Gogol. Ya sosai Keen on Ukrainian al'adu da tarihi. Ko da ya tafi zuwa St Petersburg, matasa marubuci bai daina zuwa replenish su ilimi - a haruffa, sai ya tambaye shi da uwarsa gaya more game da rayuwa da baƙauye da PANA.

Interest a adabi da kuma zane-zane a general fito da yaron farkon isasshen - a lokacin da yake makaranta shekaru. A matsayin dalibi na makarantar sakandare, ya kasance m na zafi mai son wasan kwaikwayo, wanda Ya halitta tare da abokansa.

Makarantar kwana marubuci

A cikin shekaru goma da shekaru, da iyaye na matasa Nicholas aika shi zuwa Nezhinskaja makaranta. Abin baƙin ciki a gare su, da yaron da aka ba yi da kyau a makaranta, amma ga wani babban har wannan ya kasance da ma'aikata na ruwan inabi.

Akwai matsaloli da nazari na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. batun malamin ya ƙaryata muhimmanci a cikin al'adu na zamani da marubuta da kuma kasida kamar Pushkin, kuma Zhukovsky. A sakamakon irin wannan dabarar na kasance da gaske amfani da ƴan zuwa romantic adabi na karni na 19th.

Samuwar N. V. Gogolya a matsayin marubuci

Bayan kammala karatu daga Gymnasium a 1828, da classic tafi zuwa birnin babbar dama - Petersburg. Wannan mataki na rayuwa ya zama daya daga cikin mafi wuya a cikin rayuwarsa, amma a lokaci guda kuma mafi m. Suna fadin wajen, bar shi da uwa tasa, da noblewoman rayuwa a cikin wani babban birni, kawai isa, da kuma litattafan Gogol dauki wani aikin farar hula da aka zarar gundura da shi.

Sa'an nan Nikolai litattafan Gogol shiga wallafe-wallafe. Da farko ayyukan da aka buga a karkashin pseudonyms, an soki da jama'a, da kuma wata matsananciyar marubuci ya tafi kasashen waje a search na mafi rayuwa. Duk da haka, ya zauna a can ne kawai a wata, bayan da ya koma zuwa St. Petersburg.

Bisa ga lura da nan gaba baiwa na Rasha adabi, rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma al'adu na Ukrainian mutane janyo hankalin ba kawai Ukrainians, amma kuma Rasha. A sa'an nan da ransa fara dauki siffar da shirin daga cikin shahararrun "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka". The saurayi tsayin tambayi mahaifiyarsa, wanda ke zaune a kauyen, ya gaya masa game da ba a sani ba Ukrainian hadisai da kuma al'adu na Ukrainian Legends, rubuce-rubucen da kuma kayayyaki. Duk wannan ya taimaka masa ya fi cikakken kuma daidai dace da Little Rasha kauyen da mazaunanta.

A 1830, hasken ke fita ta farko nasara samfurin na litattafan Gogol "maraice a kan Hauwa'u Ivana Kupala" buga a "Notes da Fatherland" a 1830. Amma hakikanin daraja da kuma fitarwa kawo matasa marubucin "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka", "May Night" da kuma "Sorochintsy Fair".

Daga wannan lokacin da marubuci ta rayuwa juya juye.

Abin da ya rinjayi halittar litattafan Gogol?

A 1830 ta Nikolai ya gana da P. A. Pletnevym, V. A. Zhukovskim kuma A. S. Pushkinym, wanda aka ƙara rinjayi da wallafe-wallafen halittar litattafan Gogol.

Duk abin a rayuwa da wallafe-wallafen litattafansu sami gani a cikin ayyukansu. A tsawon lokaci, ya zama ƙara shiga cikin rayuwa a cikin babban birnin kasar. A sakamakon haka, haske ya fita, "St. Petersburg Stories", kunsha na 5 labarai:

• "Nevsky Prospect".
• "The abakwat"
• "Diary na mahaukaci."
• "Vertical".
• "The Hanci."

Tarin sõyayya ba kawai ta na kowa matsala, amma kuma da na kowa site na mataki - birnin St. Petersburg, inda N. V. litattafan Gogol rayu.

Musamman da hankali a cikin ayyukansu, marubucin ya ba da image na St. Petersburg. Wannan birni rubuta da yawa: marubuta da kuma kasida. Domin su, Petersburg ya ba kawai birnin - shi ne wata alama ce da sabon Rasha da kuma ta mai haske nan gaba.

'Yan sun tashi a cikin ayyukansu jigo na biyuntakar babban birnin kasar. Mutane gan shi kamar yadda ba kawai a "Grad Petrov", amma kuma wani tsari mugunta. A mafi girma mawãƙi na zinariya shekaru, A. S. Pushkin, daya daga cikin na farko saukar shubuha da "birni a kan Neva." Ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani m birnin, birnin da matalauci."

Musamman mai haske da wannan matsala da aka bayyana a cikin "Nevsky Prospect". Domin luster babban titi boye rafke fatan, bala'in da talakawa 'yan ƙasa. A labarin da birnin sha'aninsu dabam da matsaloli na mutane - duk gudu da kudi da kuma darajõji. Ganin cewa a nagarta da mugunta a babban birnin kasar sun dade da aka hallaka. A wannan ra'ayin ya bude da kuma N. V. litattafan Gogol. A mãkirci na da yawa ayyuka ne masu tasowa, a St. Petersburg: shi ne shubuha da kuma "The Hanci" da "Diary na mahaukaci", "The abakwat" da "Nevsky Prospekt". Petersburg litattafan Gogol - a Haven na titi yara da matalauta jami'ai. Wannan hoton da aka adawa da al'ada image na babban birnin kasar - da na marmari, malalaci, ta makantar da kwanyarsa.

A daya hannun, litattafan Gogol babban birnin kasar - da birni inda Sufi da gaskiya rayuwa a matsayin daya.

Mirgorod a cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na litattafan Gogol

Ko da yake St. Petersburg da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan litattafan Gogol, da fari shi shagaltar Ukrainian almara. Bugu da kari a wadannan ƙwarai ayyukansa, kamar "maraice a kan wani Farm kusa Dikanka" da "May Night", marubucin ya rubuta da dama sauran addini labaru, wanda aka hada zuwa wani tarin "Mirgorod". Litattafan Gogol mamaki zaba domin tarin da wannan sunan: birni Myrhorod bayyana a cikin aikinsa "The Tale of yaya Ivan Ivanovich yayi musu da Ivan Nikiforovich".

Har ila yau a cikin wannan tarin hada da sauran ayyukan da ke sanar da mu a makaranta:

• "Wii."
• "Taras Bulba".
• "Old World gonaki".

Me daidai Mirgorod? Litattafan Gogol da gangan ya zaɓi wannan wuri. Ya kasance ba da nisa daga kauye na Great Sorochintsy, inda matasa Nicholas ciyar da yara da kuma samartaka. A wannan kauyen kuma Figures a cikin aikinsa "Sorochintsy Fair".

A duk da Ukraine da kuma, musamman, a yankin Mirgorod yau girmama memory daga cikin manyan countryman. A dukan wuraren da za a iya gani ba kawai Monuments sadaukar da marubuci, amma kuma tituna, hotels, motels, murabba'ai, asibitoci, da dakunan karatu, mai suna a cikin girmamawa.

The asali daga litattafan Gogol ta labarai

Bayan an yi nazarin duk kayayyakin za a iya ware musamman fasaloli litattafan Gogol. Wasu lokacin a cikin rãyuwar marubuci a yau ne abubuwan da shawara, amma a ayyukansu litattafan Gogol da aka musamman m da kuma saukin ganewa.

The m style of marubucin ne sosai recognizable. Wannan shi ne musamman da suka bambanta daga cikin wasika zuwa ga litattafan Gogol yarda ka zama daya daga cikin mafi girma da marubuta na Golden Age. Da farko waka "Ganz Kyuhelgarten", wanda ya wallafa a karkashin wani pseudonym, ya kasa madauwaman zullumi. Dalilin wannan ya yi wani yunkurin rubuta wani waka a cikin style of romance Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo.

Ya m litattafan da aka ma rubuta a wani romantic iri, amma da suka fara fito fili na musamman da harafin litattafan Gogol ta rubuce-rubuce. A kadan daga baya, wani marubuci, ya rinjayi Pushkin, ya dauki wani shakka a kan m da labarun almara. Ko da yake litattafan Gogol gan shi kamar yadda ya shawarta, ya taba yi kokarin yi a kan model na Pushkin ta ayyukansu.

Marigayi marubuci ayyukan da wani zamantakewa da fuskantarwa. Litattafan Gogol kasance daya daga cikin na farko iya daidai nuna jigon matsalar da "karamin mutum" a Rasha cin hanci da rashawa. Ya basira, izgili a cikin maras ɗa'a, kuma m zamani mutum, fili zamantakewa sabani na lokaci.

Musamman da hankali ne farkon ayyukan Nikolai. Wadannan ayyuka raba kowa recognizable fasali. Alal misali, asiri da kuma romance, ma'ana da kuma "rai" description of Ukrainian rayuwa, nassoshi Ukrainian almara.

Irin wannan babbar sha'awa ne quite halitta: marubuci ta yarantaka a Ukraine. Domin shekaru masu yawa, rayuwarsa aka kakkarfan dangankata da Ukrainian kwastan da kuma al'adu. A cikin wadannan ayyuka, ƙara akwai wani Mystique - suka duba sosai kamar m hikaya. A cikin rubuce-rubucen, litattafan Gogol da basira a hade gaskiya da kuma m otherworldly karfi - kusa ga Ukrainian mutane rayu mai sauki da kuma mayu da mermaids, kuma ko da aljannu.

baiwa mutuwa

Mutane da yawa tambayoyi game da rayuwa da girma da kuma m marubuci damu da nauyi a zukatan mutane. Menene sunan litattafan Gogol? An ya aure? Ashe, akwai wani zuriyar sa? Amma babban tambaya har yanzu ya kasance wani daure da kuma haddasa wata yawa muhawara - shi ne dalilin mutuwar litattafan Gogol.

Har yanzu, babu wanda zai iya ce ba daidai da yadda hasken bar wannan baiwa da wallafe-wallafen da tunani. Wasu masu tarihi, Malaman tarihi da malaman wallafe-wallafe sa a gaba su version of mutuwarsa. Daya daga cikin na kowa, amma har yanzu bai samu tabbaci version ce cewa marubuci da aka binne da rai.

Wannan shi ne da gaske a m bambancin da classic mutuwa da aka kaddamar a 1931. Tun da hurumi inda aka binne shi, an narkar, an yanke shawarar zuwa rebury shi. A wani bikin da ya samu halartar da yawa mashawarta marubuta, da kuma lokacin da akwatin gawa da aka bude, shaidu da tsoro gano cewa, litattafan Gogol ta kwarangwal aka kwance da kansa ya juya zuwa daya gefen.

Wannan labarai ya sa wani flurry na tattaunawa ba kawai a cikin wallafe-wallafen da tarihi da yanayi, amma kuma tsakanin talakawa mutane. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da sabon abu yana mai ma'ana bayani: na farko ya zama Rotting aiwatar gefen akwatin gawa allon, da kuma akwatin gawa murfi, abin da ba ya da karfi da goyon baya, zai fara matsa lamba a kan shugaban gawar, suna ɓuɓɓugar da shi kunna "Atlantov" vertebra. A cewar masana na binne, shi ne al'ada yi, da kuma litattafan Gogol ba na farko, daya bayan binne samu a cikin wannan hali.

A halin da ake ciki da wahala da cewa babbar tsoro ya Nikolai binne da rai. Ko lokacin da yake rayuwa, ya lura da cewa jihar shi ne batun da ake kira "lethargy" kamar yadda a dauki ga duniya kewaye da mu ne ba samuwa, da bugun zuciya slows saukar da yawa, da kuma bugun jini ne ba palpable. A saboda wannan dalili, ya sanya wasiya a wadda umurce su da su rufe shi kawai a lokacin da cututtuka zama na fili gawar bazuwar. Wannan ya ba da Legend of binne marubuci rai ma fi girma asiri.

Wani, ba haka ban tsoro version na mutuwa na litattafansu - guba calomel (Mercury-dauke da kwayoyi amfani a cikin karni na 19th). A marubuci da kansa ya yiwuwa ga mutane da yawa cututtuka, sabili da haka suna bi ta wani iri-iri na likitoci. Shi ne wani likita kuskure iya haifar da wanda bai kai ba mutuwa daga litattafan Gogol.

The latest version ne mafi mashahuri, amma har yanzu shi ne ba a gane a matsayin hukuma.

Saboda haka, an yi imani da cewa Nikolay Vasilevich litattafan Gogol mutu saboda ci lalacewa ta hanyar yunwa. Littafi litattafansu amsa laifin cewa shi yiwuwa ga depressive jihohi da kuma overly Keen a kan addini, wanda ya kai shi don tsayar da ascetic hanyar rayuwa da kuma kin amincewa da jiki jin daxi.

A bin da rabo na ruhu kan jikin litattafan Gogol da jin matsananciyar yunwa kaina m ƙi abinci. A mako kafin farkon na Lent ya ya yanke shawarar watsi da aikin, abinci da kuma rage lambobi tare da mutane.

Kafin mutuwarsa ya ƙone dũkiyõyinsu, kamar yadda ya bayyana cewa, "a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wani mugun ruhu." Kwanaki biyu kafin mutuwa na marubuci ta yanayin da ya rincabewa - ya dauki ga gadonsa da taurin ƙi wani taimako wajen tunani da tattalin mutuwa. Doctors ba su daina kokarin warkar da marubuci, amma Fabrairu 21, 1852 Nikolay Vasilevich litattafan Gogol mutuwa.

Yanzu litattafan Gogol, aka binne shi a Moscow Novodevichy hurumi. A marubuci shige daga cikin Firayim na rayuwa, amma, kamar yadda da wallafe-wallafen zargi VA Nikolaev, shi ne "mutuwa, cike da ma'ana cikin ruhaniya," da kuma abin da marubucin so.