Menene hatsi na alkama: sunayen da amfani Properties

Alkama ne daya daga cikin rare amfanin gona a duniya. Our labarin da aka kishin labarin abin da hatsi sanya daga alkama, da abin da suka suna mai daraja da cewa daya za a iya shirya.

semolina

A cikin Tsohon Alkawali, akwai ambatonku na manna, wanda aka dauke akwatin tilbijin na analog na semolina. Kila, shi ne Ubangiji ya aike da wannan abinci ga Yahudawa a lokacin da shekara arba'in da cikin ɓata ba mai haɗari saboda semolina da sake samu karfin da kuma inganta lamarinsa.

Semolina yi porridge, da wuri, dumplings, casseroles, meatballs, burgers, pancakes, soufflés, mousses da puddings. Sau da yawa aka yi amfani da thicken soups, a biredi da gravies.

Semolina aka samar daga tukuru da kuma taushi alkama iri. Marufi da aka sanya da haruffa T kuma M. Haka kuma, durum alkama semolina daga alama da harafin T, da kuma taushi - harafi M. Lokaci-lokaci gauraye iri, sa'an nan alama qunshi biyu haruffa - TM.

Nuna semolina a cikin gari Mills. Yana da wani irin na byproduct na milling alkama gari. Semolina alkama da aka milled zuwa darajar 0.25-0.75 mm alkama hatsi, aka yi nufi ga high quality-nika. Wannan shi ne girma daga cikin kõwace zangarniya akwai ƙwãya daga cikin endosperm, wanda kasance a kan sieve a lokacin sieving gari.

Semolina daga durum alkama ne rawaya a launi. Vitreous hatsi da kaifafan gefuna. Dandano hatsi semolina na wani mafi tsanani, shi yana da gritty tsarin da kuma fada baya kasa da semolina daga m alkama iri.

Semolina iri M fari, da sauri fada baya. Kasha ya jũya kama da santsi.

Semolina shi ne manufa domin rage cin abinci, domin ya ƙunshi kawai 2% m. Ta aka sosai tunawa da bada shawarar ga post-tiyata dawo, a Bugu da kari, shi ne ba makawa ga cuta daga cikin gastrointestinal fili. Wannan shi ne kawai hatsi cewa an narkewar da kuma tunawa a cikin ƙananan hanji. Munk kuranye jikin gamsai da kitsen.

Duk da haka, kamar yadda da duk wani samfurin, ba kawai semolina yana da kyau Properties, amma kuma korau. Phosphorus dauke a cikin semolina, ta ɗaure alli da game da shi ya hana su sha. Bugu da kari, a cikin croup yawa Alkama, wanda ke nufin cewa shi ne contraindicated a wadanda suke rashin lafiyan maras alkama.

Hatsi sanya daga alkama, suna sosai caloric, don haka wadanda suke jin tsoro na kiba, ba su bayar da shawarar cin abinci da yamma kuma da safe da kuma ba kowace rana, alternating tare da wasu jita-jita.

rattaba kalma

A cikin 'yan shekaru, mu tebur menu ƙwarai kumbura. Bugu da kari ga abinci, ya kawo daga kasashen waje, mun samu damar kokarin da kayayyakin, wanda suke a cikin abinci na kakanninmu. Yana damuwarsu rattaba kalma, wanda aka ambata a cikin labarin A. S. Pushkina "The Tale na Firist da kuma daga ma'aikaci Balda". Emmer - alkama iri-iri, daban-daban musamman Properties. Devotees na wani lafiya rage cin abinci ake bukata don hada shi a rage cin abinci.

Wannan alkama nasa ne da taushi iri da nevymolachivaemymi fina-finan. A microbiological abun da ke ciki na emmer alkama ƙwarai wuce durum. Mafi yawa daga cikin na gina jiki, ciki har da furotin xin kayan lambu, wanda aka rattaba kalma a kusan 40%, suna located in da harsashi da jam. Kafin nika hatsi tsirar da bushe.

Wannan hatsi ƙunshi iyakar adadin amfani da abubuwa, da cewa suna sosai yaba alkama - a bitamin B (1,2,3,6, da kuma 9), PP, A, E, na game da amino acid 20, da baƙin ƙarfe, jan, potassium, alli, phosphorus, boron, vanadium, aidin, cobalt da manganese.

Poltava

A kasar, da masana'antu hanyar da baya a Soviet shekaru a cikin manyan yawa, don samar da wadannan iri hatsi daga alkama: semolina, Poltava da kuma Artek.

Poltava samar daga m alkama nedoobmolochennoy. Hatsi niƙa a cikin m kasarun adadi da kuma amfani da irin wannan a cikin abinci. Poltavska ƙunshi manyan yawa na fiber, ta haka sukan kara wa abincin dabbobi. A dafa abinci, shi da ake amfani da dafa porridge da soups da madara ko ruwan.

Kafin dafa grits ya kamata a rinsed tare da ruwan sanyi, sa'an nan zo a tafasa da lambatu da ruwa daga cikin sakamakon kumfa a kan bãyan tẽkun. Sake ƙara ruwa da kuma zo a tafasa, ƙara gishiri dandana kuma a kan dafa a low zazzabi, stirring lokaci zuwa lokaci. Zai fi kyau a shirya irin wannan rikici a cikin tanda, inda zai kasance ko'ina a progrevtsya daga dukkan bangarorin. The ruwa don dafa abinci, za ka iya ƙara madara a wani rabo daga 1: 1.

Artek

A kasuwannin duniya kayayyakin abinci ne musamman rare da sosai yawa iri-iri na hatsi na alkama. Species sunayen ne wani lokacin ze sosai m, amma a wani cikakken nazari na etymology na wadannan kalmomi, duk abin da ya bayyana da kuma ma'ana. The kalmar "Artek" da aka fassara daga cikin Crimean Tatar yana nufin "mafi kyau", shi ne ba abin mamaki ba cewa mafi kyau bazara sansanin Tarayyar Soviet, kazalika da hatsi, wanda da farko ya fara yin wa majagaba sansanonin sun samu wannan lakabi. Abin lura shi ne cewa baƙi "Artek" kalma "Artos" ya zo daga Girkanci da nufin "gurasa". Tun daga zamanin da Kiristoci na farko da wannan kalma shiga lexicon daga cikin saba Orthodox Church - a lokacin da Multi-rana azumi, a karshen ibadar, da aminci ga kula da sojojin raba guda artos. Wannan shi ne na musamman alkama burodi, wanda ba kawai ya ba da jimiri, amma kuma warkar da dukan cututtuka.

Bugu da kari ina so in ce cewa kawai mafi kyau durum alkama groats Artek samun. Kafin nika hatsi gaba daya warware daga cikin harsashi da tayi. Domin wannan dalili ne, microbiological abun da ke ciki na Artek na baya Poltava, amma a dandano na oatmeal Artek nisa m da Poltava, kuma semolina.

Artek hatsi na semolina kama, amma dan kadan ya fi girma. Ba kamar semolina, da aiki na hatsi ga Artek, alkama ba hõre high zafin jiki magani. Artek porridge danko sosai, kuma m. Krupa da Boiled taushi da kuma karfi sosai ƙaruwa a juz'i.

Kafin dafa Artek ba a wanke ba, amma kawai sieved ta lafiya sieve. Dafa shi a kan zafi kadan, stirring kullum. Domin wannan sha'ir miya ba dace ba, amma ga casseroles mafi kyau filler da za a samu. Artek hadawa da daidai da duka biyu nama kayayyakin da kayan lambu.

bulgur

Bulgur da ake kira ba kawai musamman bi da alkama hatsi, amma kuma jita-jita daga wannan samfurin - hatsi da kuma pilaf. Cost bulgur muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na murƙushe m hatsi daga alkama. Gaskiyar cewa halitta bulgur, crushed hatsi ne hõre wani zafi magani, wanda qara shiryayye rayuwar samfurin.

Game da bulgur san mafi daga cikin littattafan Littafi Mai Tsarki. Wannan croup da dama shekara dubu zauna canzawa bangaren babban yawan m abinci. Balagagge zalunci da kunnuwa, da hatsi da aka tsabtace da kuma Boiled har sai da laushi. Sa'an nan ruwa ne drained, kuma ba da alkama da aka yada a kan trays for bushewa. Suna lokaci zuwa lokaci girgiza kuma ya jũya a kan haka kamar yadda ba ta samar da wani mold. Lokacin da tsaba duhu, smorschatsya kuma taurara, moisten su sake da kuma ta doke kashe su fashe harsashi. Sa'an nan bushe sake. A bushe hatsi da aka jefa su da sallama jet na iska wanda daukawa tafi saukin rabu husk. Tsarkakakku nuclei haka sieved da kuma smalyvayut. Lokacin da nika da daban-daban na allo k faruwa. The fitarwa ne nau'i nau'i na bulgur tare da daban-daban sized hatsi. The most ke kan dafa pilaf da dolma, da talakawan - for salads, cushe da kayan lambu da kuma soups, kuma mafi karami - to kyufta da kuma desserts.

kwai sha'ir

Kwai sha'ir - alkama semolina, wanda shi ne Popular a cikin kasashen na tsohon Austro-Hungarian Empire. A cikin tsohon kwana mata aikata ta mallaka, amma a yanzu kafa factory samar da hatsi za a iya sayi a kantin sayar da.

Don yin kwai da sha'ir, da bukatar da garin alkama, qwai, ruwa da kuma kadan gishiri. Kneaded fairly m kullu da kuma bar for rabin awa zuwa dattako. Sa'an nan da kullu ta hanyar sieve da bushe a rana, ko a cikin tanda. Store hatsi a zane jaka a cikin wani bushe ventilated yankin. Kwai sha'ir amfani a soups, gefe yi jita-jita da kuma a matsayin mai raba tasa.

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin gargajiya hanyoyi na dafa Hungarian kwai sha'ir. A wani frying kwanon rufi narke kitsen da kuma kana bukatar ka saka shi a cikin gindi. Da zaran ta fara zinariya, nan da nan zuba tafasasshen ruwa, kara gishiri da kuka fi so seasonings - ganye, tumatir, tafarnuwa, paprika da sauransu, to your iyawa. ba za ka iya overdo da gindi, in ba haka ba zai dandana m. Tare da ruwa ma kada ka overdo shi, in ba haka ba da kwai sha'ir zama danko sosai. Da zarar wake laushi isasshen - kawo zuwa tebur. Ado na iya zama duka kayan lambu da kuma nama ko kifi.

cuscus

Couscous, bulgur kamar yadda shi ne duka da sunan alkama groats da abinci daga gare shi. Wannan irin alkama hatsi da aka aro daga Berber Maghreb da kuma na kasa abincin.

A halin yanzu, masana'antu samar da couscous. A zuciya na hatsi - m kasarun adadi rage, bayan da milling na gari, da cewa shi ne semolina. Semolina an wetted, frays kuma yafa masa gari kafin su sami manyan siffar zobe diamita har zuwa 2 mm. Sa'an nan sieved, a karshe bushe da cushe.

A bisa ga al'ada, couscous aka steamed, amma shi ne yarda da kuma kawai cika shi da ruwan zãfi, ƙara mai da gishiri da kuma barin for 'yan mintoci ga kumburi. A wannan hanyar za ka iya samun couscous. Shi dandani biyu da kansa da kuma matsayin madadin su shinkafa da taliya a cikin Game da jita-jita.

Idan kana so ka dafa wani gargajiya Gabas Afirka jita-jita, za ka iya kokarin aiwatar da shi ta wajen wani al'ada kwanon rufi-steamer. A da kasa take cike da ruwa, ba da sanduna shige gauze. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa da tsaba ba sun gaza ba a isa adadin zafi rigar tururi. Ana shirya wani gargajiya couscous na dogon lokaci, na kimanin awa daya, wani lokacin matakai biyu - bayan na farko da rabin awa paroobrabotki shi dan kadan sanyaya da kuma bushe. A sakamakon haka, couscous yakan mallaki wani uniform tsarin, duka biyu ciki da waje. Sa'an nan da tsaba aka mayar da su da ma'aurata. Tare da wannan Hanyar couscous samu crumbly da tenderized da kuma kara a juz'i. Couscous to ba Slip, gauze lokacin dafa kamata a girgiza daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.

karama

Karama kira Turkish bulgur. Yana groats na durum alkama. A Hanyar samar da karama ba yawa daban-daban daga couscous, amma yana da wani m tsarin.

Karama ne Popular a Isra'ila. Labarin da wannan hatsi ne quite na ƙwarai. A cikin tsakiyar karni na ashirin, a lokacin da Yahudawa suka fara barin en sun mayar da Maghreb kasashe da shirya a cikin sabuwar kafa jihar Isra'ila, suka kawo tare da su, da kuma jita-jita na kasa abinci na al'umman da na Afirka. Prime ministan Isra'ila Ben-Gurion sa kafin jama'a da aiki don ƙirƙirar jerin kasa kayayyakin da za a hada a cikin kosher menu. Saboda haka couscous aka sake masa suna a matsayin karama, kuma ya dauki girman kai na wuri a cikin jerin Yahudawa abinci. Ga wani waje kama da Italian Dalili da kuma da ainihin labarin, mutane suka fara da za a kira karama shinkafa Ben-Gurion. Idan ka tambayi wani Isra'ila, da sunan hatsi alkama, suna a cikin girmamawa na almara siyasa, ka samu wani funny amsar: "Figure Ben-Gurion."

Da ɗan baya, mai karama ya fara yin wani iri-iri na kananan Figures da fentin da na halitta abinci dyes.

Kafin yin amfani da abinci karama Boiled a salted ruwa. Shi ya dace don gefen jita-jita don samar da nama, kifi, da kayan lambu jita-jita. Ba kasa da kyau karama da kuma a matsayin mai raba tasa. Domin ptitima akwai mai yawa iri-iri, da kayan yaji, da biredi.

Fricke

A halin yanzu shi samar da manya-manyan yawan daban-daban hatsi na alkama a duniya. Mene ne croup ne mafi amfani, ba za mu iya ce shakka - kowane da kansa dũkiyarsu da kuma microbiological abun da ke ciki. Duk da haka, daya daga cikin mafi amfani alkama groats dauke Fricke. Wasu kafofin kira shi a duniya abinci na nan gaba, ko da yake da shekaru na hatsi naschityvet for akalla dama ƙarni. A Bagadaza littafin girke-girke 13th karni shi aka ambata a cikin girke-girke na nama da jita-jita da kirfa, zira, coriander, da kitsen da tumaki.

Fricke aka samar daga matasa alkama, abinci ya isa mafi ƙarfinsa, amma ya ba tukuna taurare. Alkama da aka mowed, tattara a daure da bushe a rana. Bushe kunnuwan masara gasa a cikin wuta dõmin ƙone baro da harsashi, da kuma hatsi kasance m. Saboda su ne m da kuma dauke da wani yawa na ruwa, ba su ƙone. A hatsi da aka girbe, kuma zalunci zuwa cire saura kwasfa, sa'an nan Ya shimfiɗa ba m da sake dried a rana. Lokacin da suka isa bukata irin zane, launi da dandano, su aka niƙa. Fricke zahiri kama bulgur, amma ya bambanta daga shi duka a launi da dandano.

Fricke yana da wani low glycemic index, don haka ne shawarar for mutane fama da ciwon sukari. Bugu da kari, wannan hatsi ne sau hudu more abin da ake ci fiber kunshi wani maras digestible fiber, fiye da sauran irin wannan hatsi. Wannan yanayin ba ka damar kunna Fricke a cikin jerin kayayyakin, na taimaka tsarkake narkewa kamar fili da gubobi, kazalika ga rasa nauyi.

Farro

Farro - Italian semolina alkama. The title da dogon isa cewa Russia ce, amma shi ne da aka sani zuwa mazaunan wannan yanki.

Farro - alkama cultivar sunan da hatsi, shi ne Popular a Italiya. A kan ƙasa na wannan kasa farro an girma kusan 5000 da shekaru. Na farro yi grits, wanda a dandano da mabukaci halaye ba yarda more kowa irin alkama. Hatsi farro Semi-Boiled kuma ya hõre su buga misãlin a low zazzabi refrigerators. Kafin yin amfani da su a matsayin abinci ne thawed a dakin da zazzabi, narkar da ruwan zãfi, da kuma an ciyar da tebur, da kayan yaji kayan yaji, ko biredi.

triticale

Alkama Groats, sunansa sauti kamar triticale ne amphidiploids (matasan) na alkama da kuma hatsin rai. Da farko, wannan iri ne fitarwa a matsayin fodder amfanin gona, duk da haka, triticale kiwo aikin kawo kammala, samar da wani ciyawa, mafificin iyayensu a hanyoyi masu yawa. Idan ka tambayi tambaya: "Daga abin da alkama semolina yana da mafi kyau damar daukar gasar a cikin abinci kasuwar? твет сложится сам собой: «Конечно, тритикале!». "Game da Twet za su ci gaba da kanta:" Hakika, triticale ".

Abin baƙin ciki, a kasar mu, triticale tukuna ne mai girma rarity, kuma wannan duk da cewa a cikin 20s na karshe karni m shayarwa Meyser, Derzhavin, Pisarev da sauransu kawo dama sosai nasara gibridrov alkama da hatsin rai abinci da kuma abinci dalilai. Duk da sauki da kuma high yawan aiki, da Tarayyar Soviet ba su dauki triticale. A halin yanzu shi ne girma a Poland, Belarus, Australia, Jamus da kuma Faransa. Triticale za a iya samu a Stores tare da abinci mai lafiya rage cin abinci. Shi kusan ba ya dauke da Alkama, mai gina jiki, kayan lambu mai da kuma lysine a shi da yawa fiye da a alkama da hatsin rai.

Amma ga abin da irin hatsi da aka samar daga alkama triticale, amsar ne quite sauki - guda wanda suke daga sauran irin wannan hatsi. Mai amfani da kaddarorin hatsi na triticale kama da kaddarorin al'ada alkama hatsi. Kafin cin abinci da suke bukatar su tafasa a cikin salted ruwa, sa'an nan amfani da matsayin filler for soups, gefe yi jita-jita to main darussa na nama ko kifi. Na triticale samu dadi kiwo, ramammu nama da hatsi.

Wasu lokaci da suka wuce, a lokacin da Vogue hatsi, alkama hatsi an hõre cancanci zargi. Kuma duk da haka ba lallai ba ne don ku tsiyata rage cin abinci. Mu yi kokarin gaya nawa daki-daki kamar yadda zai yiwu game da iri-iri da lafiya da kuma dadi hatsi na alkama. Muna fatan cewa yanzu za su dauki wani cancanta wuri a cikin kitchen.