Mene ne wani kundin: darajar iri

Human ilimi - lokacin tsakanin mu wayewa ta fi muhimmanci. Don ƙarni kopilas bayanai da suka wuce a fĩfĩta dako. Giant dakunan karatu, archives, bayanai, duk wannan - mai tsaron ɗakunan ajiya na bayanai daga bangarori daban-daban na kimiyya. Raba takaita jigo na ilimi iri-iri samar da kundin sani. Cewa za su kasance da mu labarin.

Za mu magana game da abin da kundin sani, abin da zai iya zama da abin da zai iya gaya mana. Idan wannan topic ne ban sha'awa, cewa kiran mu ci gaba.

Encyclopedia: ra'ayi

Bari mu fara da tunanin da wannan kundin sani. Wannan littafi ko lantarki littafin, kimiyya ko rare kimiyya, ya ƙunshi bayani game da wani shugabanci na bincike yi. Da kalmar da aka samu daga Fusion na biyu Greek kalmomi: enkyklios da paideia, - wanda ya fassara an fassara a matsayin wani "koyo da'irar ilmi."

Principles of yi na kundayen

The bayanai a cikin kundin sani aka sanya a cikin wani hanya. Dangane da wannan manufa kuma rarrabe iri wallafe.

Saboda haka, da ka'idodi na jeri na kundin articles - shi Tsarin Harafi Bayan, thematic, Tsarin Harafi Bayan-jigo. Amma ga sauƙi na amfani, an ba shirya don mai karatu a cikin wani gaggawa batun da aka yi amfani da kundayen Tsarin Harafi Bayan jeri na articles. Domin takamaiman kimiyya kundayen dace topically-Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi na Posting bayanai.

The mafi ban sha'awa iri-iri na kundayen - jigo. Dangane da lighting a wadannan fannoni na da littafin ne:

• manufa - don tattara bayanai game da duk hakikanin rai, bisa yafi kasar da bayar da kundin sani.
• yankin - dauke da shaidar wani yankin kasar, nahiyar ko duniya a general.
• masana'antu - samar da bayanai, kawai a game da wani reshe na mutum aiki;
• Industry takamaiman (matsala) - haskaka da takamaiman tambaya na daya daga cikin rassan mutum aiki da ya ƙunshi mai raba matsala (kimiyya da kuma m).
• tarihin rayuwa a rayuwa da aikin shahara manyan malaman kimiyya, fasaha, siyasa da kuma sauran social duniyoyin.
• Sauran kundayen, da farko masu wakiltar wani tsararru na bayanai ga wani musamman masu sauraro (a m misali - yara kundin sani, bada dama data ban sha'awa ga yara na wani shekaru).

Rikon kwarya sakamakon mu binciken zai zama a san cewa wannan kundin, da kuma main iri na karshen.

Rarrabe: kundayen, reference books, kundayen, kamus, kundayen

Akwai wani rarrabẽwa ga yankan shawara rarrabe data littafin bugu. Shi shafi hanyoyin gabatar da bayanai. A daidai da encyclopedic adabi ne zuwa kashi kundayen, reference books, kundayen da kuma kamus, kundayen.

Kamus, kundayen ne daban-daban a cewa bayanai da suka gabatar concisely, sau da yawa a daya kawai fassarar da ambatacce.

Encyclopedia samar da ƙarin bayani: Bugu da kari ga fassarar kalmomi ko events, na wanda za mu iya koya game da tarihin, dangantakar da sauran matsalolin. Shi ne bambancin da fadin gabatarwa sa shi mafi ban sha'awa don karanta irin. A wannan edition da aka sani a duniya a "Great Soviet Encyclopedia".

Wani irin abin da muka gani ba, - reference. Encyclopedia of irin wannan qunshi wani abu kamanta theme kungiyoyin ga m amfani.

sakamakon

Saboda haka, mun dauke da cewa wannan kundin sani. Wannan tsararru na bayanai na musamman masana'antu, ko janar bayanai, shirya bisa ga wasu ka'idoji. Akwai su da yawa iri na kundayen, classified bisa ga daban-daban sharudda.

Encyclopedias dauke da wata babbar adadin amfani da ban sha'awa da ilmi ba. Sau da yawa bukatar a taba cigaban dan Adam ta hanyar da aiki lokaci daga wadannan wallafe!