Salo Tarihi. Historical Genre a wallafe-wallafen

Kazalika da tarihi, marubuci zai iya sake haifar da look da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata, ko da yake su m haifuwa ne haƙĩƙa daban-daban daga kimiyya. Marubucin, dangane da tarihin data hada da ayyukansu kamar yadda m almarar - shi ya siffanta abin da zai iya zama, ba kawai abin da yake a gaskiya.

A mafi kyau ayyukan tarihi Genre, ba kawai suna da ado darajar, amma kuma tarihi da kuma m. Almarar iya zana a cikin dukan bayyanar wani bygone zamanin ya bayyana da akida, zamantakewa, psyche, rayuwa a cikin live images. Tarihi da kuma Genre suna a hankali alaka, saboda rayuwa - shi ke nan kashi na tarihi. Ka yi la'akari da tarihin samuwar tarihi Genre a wallafe-wallafe.

tarihi Kasadar

Ba wani aiki da ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na baya, ya nẽmi ka sake su kamar yadda suke a zahiri. Wani lokaci shi ne kawai abu ga m zane-zane, m mãkirci, musamman launi - da m, da daukaka, da dai sauransu. Wannan tarihi faye hali Kasadar (misali A. Dumas samfurin "Ascanio" "Herminia", "Black", "Ƙidaya Monte Almasihu," "Harshen Kosikan Brothers" da sauransu). Su main aiki - don ƙirƙirar wani nishadi na mãkirci.

Ana zargin tarihi Genre

Art tarihi adabi fara dauki siffar da nuna na 18-19 ƙarni. A wannan lokaci, shi ya halicci wani tarihi labari - musamman salo, wanda ya kafa wata manufa to kai tsaye nuna rayuwar da epochs. Ya (kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya tarihi wasan kwaikwayo), ta sha bamban daga ayyukan kishin abubuwan da suka faru na baya epochs. Art tarihi adabi an fara fito fili dangane da wani gagarumin sauyi a tarihi da ilmi ba, wato, da aiwatar da da samuwar matsayin kimiyya. Daidai saboda wannan akwai wadannan iri nau'o'i.

A farko mawallafa don ƙirƙirar a sabon nau'o'i

A farko marubuci, ya fara haifar da ayyukan batutuwa ban sha'awa mana, shi ne W. Scott. Kafin da taimakawa ga samuwar adabi da Goethe da Schiller, babban Jamus marubuta. A cikin aikin na farko a tarihi wasan kwaikwayo wakilta ayyukan "Egmont" (1788) da kuma "Goetz von Berlichingen" (1773). Na biyu halitta a "Wallenstein" (1798-1799), "Ka faɗa William" a 1804 da kuma "Mary Stuart" a 1801. Amma hakikanin aikin kasashen waje ne kawai Valtera Skotta, wanda yana dauke da kafa na Genre na tarihi labari.

Ya nasa jerin ayyukan da suke nuna lokacin da Jihadi ( "Richard da Lionheart", "Ivanhoe," "Robert, Count of Paris"), kazalika da samuwar Turai kasa monarchies ( "Kventin Dorvard"), da bourgeois juyin juya halin a Ingila ( " Woodstock "," da ha] e "), ya fadi a Scotland kabila tsarin (" Rob Roy, "" Waverley "), da sauransu. a karo na farko a cikin ayyukansu na maimaitawa na da alkalami na marubuci dogara ne a kan nazarin tarihi kafofin (alhãli kuwa baya da artist m ƙuntatãwa sake kunnawa general hanya na events kuma mafi hankula Figures na baya siffofin). Kerawa da marubuci na da wani tasiri a kan kara ci gaba da abin da halartar daban-daban iri nau'o'i.

Mutane da yawa na gargajiya marubuta koma zuwa tarihi theme. Wadannan sun hada da Victor Hugo, wanda shi ne marubucin daban-daban littattafai. Historical litattafan da wannan marubucin - "Cromwell", "Casa'in da Uku", "Notre Dame de Paris" da sauransu.

Sha'awar da topic A. de Vigny ( "Cinq-Mars"), Manzoni, halitta a 1827, "The tashinta", da kuma F. Cooper, M. Zagoskin, I. Lazhechnikov da sauransu.

Features ayyukan halitta romantics

Salo Tarihi, gabatar da ayyuka na Romantics, ba ko da yaushe suna da tarihi darajar. Ya hana wannan da kayadadden fassarar lũbũru, kuma da sauyawa na real zamantakewa rikice-rikice, da gwagwarmaya tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Mafi sau da yawa leoyan na litattafan ne kawai rungumi manufa na marubuci (misali, Esmeralda Hugo ta aiki), kuma ba ta musamman tarihi iri. Ana rinjayar sun fi mayar da siyasa imani mahalicci. Alal misali, A. de Vigny, wanda tausaya tare da aristocracy, da gwarzo da ya software samfurin sanya ta wakilan da ake kira mulkin gargajiya Fronde.

idon basira shugabanci

Amma ba kimanta da isa yabo na wadannan ayyuka bisa ga mataki na tarihi amincin. Alal misali, Hugo ta litattafan da wata babbar wani tunanin tasiri da karfi. Duk da haka, wani muhimmin mataki a cikin kara ci gaba da na adabi na karni na 19th tarihi Genre An kuma alakanta da wani cin nasara a cikin shi idon basira ka'idojin. Idon basira depictions na ayyukan da zamantakewa yanayi, da rawar da mutane a cikin tarihi tsari, shigar azzakari cikin farji, a cikin wuya aiwatar da gwagwarmaya tsakanin daban-daban sojojin da hannu a shi. Wadannan ado al'amurran da aka fi mayar da horar da makaranta Valtera Skotta ( "Jacquerie" Merimee, "Shuany" Balzac). Salo a idon basira tarihi refraction a Rasha jinainai a cikin ayyukan Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina ( "Arap Petra Mai girma", "Boris Godunov", "The Captain 'Yar").

Zurfafa m analysis

A cikin karni na 19th, a cikin 30-40s, shi ne wani sabon rami a ayyukan m analysis (misali, Waterloo image aiki "Charterhouse na Parma" by Stendhal). A saman tarihi Genre a cikin karni na 19th - da almara "yaki da zaman lafiya" da Tolstogo L. N. Yana aiki historicism bayyana kanta a cikin halittar daban-daban tarihi iri manyan sikelin-sani na tarihi, kazalika a daidai watsa daga gida, zamantakewa, ilimin harshe, m da kuma akida peculiarities wanda aka nuna lokaci.

Historical Genre a cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th

A cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th, bayan da yawa nasarorin da mai neman na hakika makaranta, mafi shahararren na wadda ake bisa tarihi da kayan tãyar da tambayoyi da rabo daga cikin al'umma da kuma mutanen da ke rayuwa, regressing kara art tarihi adabi ci gaba. Wannan shi ne saboda yafi zuwa janar Trend na bourgeois akidar don ƙarfafa reactionary a cikin marigayi 19th - farkon karni na 20th, kazalika da ƙara ƙarfi tashi daga historicism zamantakewa da tunani. Zamanancewa labarin daban-daban mawallafa na tarihi litattafan. Alal misali, A. Faransa a rubuta a 1912 aikin "The alloli ne m", sadaukar da lokaci na Faransa juyin juya halin, da yake riƙe da ra'ayin cewa mutãne, a cikin ta ci gaba da ci gaba da ɓatanci.

More kowa ake kira m adabi, pretending wani lokaci zuwa wani zurfin fahimtar tarihi tsari, amma a gaskiya Halicci subjectivist constructions, ciwon sufi hali. Misalan sun ha] da wadannan: kafa a 1901, A. Schnitzler ta aikin "The shãmaki daga Beatrice," a 1908, Merezhkovsky - "Paul na" da kuma "Alexander I".

Historical Genre a Gabas

A wasu kasashen gabashin Turai, a daya hannun, a wannan lokaci shi ne na girma jama'a martani da darajar da tarihi salo. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa a wadannan kasashe fara da kwato gwagwarmaya a wannan lokaci. Wani lokaci tarihi adabi zama romantic hali. Alal misali, a cikin ayyukansu na H. Sienkiewicz, Polish mawallafin: "The Ambaliyar", "Wutã da Sword", "wannan tarihi Vadis," "Kanar Wolodyjowski", " 'Yan Salibiyya."

A ƙasashe da dama na Gabas da National Liberation Movement ya ba da dalilin samuwar tarihi labari. A Indiya, misali, ta mahalicci ne B.Ch. Chottopadhay.

Gabancin Genre bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin

A yammacin Turai, bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin fara wani sabon zagaye na ci gaba da tarihi mai neman na hakika labari. Ta yarda da realists da West rubuta jerin ayyukan da suke da fice misalai na art tarihi wallafe-wallafe. Koma baya a lokacin da shi ne saboda bukatar kare hadisai da kuma al'adu, da wasanni da da fascists marubuta tausaya wajama'a. Alal misali, ya aka rubuta a 1939, Thomas Mann novella "Lotte a Weimar", da yawa litattafan da Feuchtwanger. Wadannan bambanta mulkin demokraɗiyya, bil'adama fuskantarwa, ne a hankali alaka da zamani ayyukansu ne halin a lokaci guda aiki na marubucin a kan wani iri-iri na tarihi kafofin. Amma a cikin wadannan lokuta akwai wani bugu na Concepts takamaiman to tarihi bourgeois kimiyya. Alal misali, wani lokacin a can Feuchtwanger ra'ayin ci gaban tarihi a matsayin gwagwarmaya da conservatism da dalili, shi underestimated da rawar da mutane, bayyana a sau gabar.

gurguzu hakikanci

Daga gurguzu hakikanci zuwa wani sabon mataki, wanda daukan tarihi Genre a wallafe-wallafe. Da falsafar jãyayya da cewa tarihi zama ne na gama kerawa na mutane, don haka da adabi a lokacin da duk yanayi na ci gaba dangane da ka'idodinta historicism. A wannan hanya shi ya cimma fice sakamakon. A mafi muhimmanci jigogi zama gagarumin image, juya epochs. Shi ne na hali na tarihi adabi na lokaci sha'awar manyan generalizations, almara. A matsayin misali, da labari "Bitrus I" A. N. Tolstogo, depicting image na mulkin, amma a lokaci guda, wanda ya gaya game da rabo daga cikin mutane a wani muhimmanci lokaci na ci gaba.

A manyan jigogi na Soviet adabi shi ne gwagwarmaya da daular mulkinsu, da sarauta makoma a Rasha ta ci-gaba da al'adun, da kuma tsawon shirye-shiryen da juyin juya halin da kuma bayanin ta. By tarihi adabi sun fi mayar da mulkin halitta M. Gorky ta aikin "The Life of Klim Samgin" MA Sholokhov - "shuru gudana cikin Don", AN Tolstoy - "The Road to akan" da sauransu.

Yau ne Popular ne tarihi asiri - mai salo wakilci a cikin ayyukan Boris Akunin, Umberto Eco, Agatha Christie, Alexander Bushkova da sauransu.