Mene ne Ebola da kuma yadda cutar yana daukar kwayar cutar da mutane?

A 2014, an barkewar cutar Ebola. Wannan shi ne mafi babban fashewa, wanda tasowa a cikin wani cutar AIDS. Mene ne Ebola wadda cututtuka su ne muhimmi, da barazana da suka shirya kai wa mazauna dukan ƙasashe, da kuma yadda za a yi yãƙi da shi - wadannan tambayoyi suna kokarin warware matsalar, masana kimiyya a duniya.

A cutar Ebola

Yana yake akwai wata cuta da cewa yana sa da RNA cutar genome. Ebola (photo marasa lafiya gabatar a kasa) tana nufin mafiya hatsari hemorrhagic fevers da high lethality. Pathogen aka farko gano a shekarar 1976. Sunan zo daga kogin a Jamhuriyar Congo, wanda aka fara gano a wani taro barkewar wani ba a sani ba rashin lafiya, halin da high yawan mutuwar - game 90-95%.

Akwai 5-daban na wannan cutar: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Tai Forest, Reston. Last - Reston - ba pathogenic da mutane, shi rinjayar kawai aladu da kuma birai. A farko daga cikin wadannan - Zaire - sa wani fashewa a 2014. Shi ne mafi pathogenic cutar. Ebola ta sãme massively da yawan jama'a na kasashen Afrika. Amma a shekarar 2014 lokuta ya ruwaito a cikin wasu kasashe. Yana da aka zaci cewa, a karshen shekarar 2014 da cutar Ebola a Rasha iya fara ta Maris, amma wannan bai faru ba.

Babban yan dako da cutar ne 'ya'yan jemagu - jemagu da birai, wanda suke tartsatsi a cikin ta Kudu da kuma Yammacin Afrika. Ba su samu rashin lafiya, amma na gida mazauni ci naman wadannan dabbobi da kuma kamu da hemorrhagic zazzabi. Kuma akwai 'ya'yan itãcen marmari jemagu da birai - wani addini daba, da kuma raunana tattalin arziki da tsaro, da talauci, da kuma talauci take kaiwa zuwa da cewa duka kabilu da ke kamuwa. Wannan abin da Ebola. Wannan cutar ne sosai ban tsoro.

A dalilan ga m yaduwar cutar

Domin watanni shida a Liberia da cutar ta kashe fiye da 2 dubu mutane. Wannan shi ne saboda rashin kudade da kuma raunana kiwon lafiya a cikin wannan kasa. Bugu da kari, da talauci, jahilci da kuma addinance taimakawa wajen yaduwar cutar: da yawan ki yarda da za a yi nazari, ya kange lokuta da sata su daga asibiti. Binne - shi ne ma wani nau'i ne na al'ada, wanda ya hada da jikin wanka da aske domin su kara yin amfani da daban-daban na ibada. Mafi sau da yawa rufe jiki a kusa da kauyuka da kõguna, abu don kamuwa da sauran mutane. Mene ne Ebola, ba su sani ba, ko so su san dalilin da ya sa kiwon lafiya nagartacce ba hadu, sakamakon da yaduwar cutar.

Ta yaya za ka samu kamuwa da mutane

A shiryawa zamani da cutar - daga 3 days zuwa makonni uku. Airborne rajista lokuta na kamuwa da cuta. Wannan cuta - Ebola - yana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar kai tsaye lamba tare da rashin lafiya, ko su secretions: tumbi, gumi, nono da madara, da maniyyi da jini. A virulence daga wadannan ruwaye ne kiyaye 2-7 makonni. A hatsari qara idan akwai raunuka a kan fata za a tuntube. Hadari lamba tare da matattu da zazzabi: virus aiki ne kiyaye domin 1.5 watanni bayan mutuwar haƙuri. Akwai shaida da na mutanen da suka kamu bayan lamba tare da kamuwa da mannyan birai pakara, gandun daji irin gada.

Canje-canje a cikin jiki a lokacin gabatarwar da cutar

An tabbatar da cewa akwai komowar matakai a cikin jiki a cikin aiwatar da cutar ta Ebola. Menene wannan cuta, ko yana yiwuwa don taimaka mutum - wadannan tambayoyi suna karatu da kuma ci gaba da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya.

A shiryawa zamani da cutar hanzari replicates a yankin Lymph nodes, hanta, saifa. Bayan faruwa a kan wani m mulkin mallaka na gabobin da kyallen takarda tare da kai tsaye halakar cutar Kwayoyin da take hakkin su da ayyuka, kazalika da inganta kariya daga autoimmune halayen. Da farko ya shafi jirgin ruwa ganuwar da kuma bayyana hemorrhagic ciwo, sa'an nan - da kumburi da baya - DIC (watsa intravascular coagulation), wadda take kaiwa zuwa hemorrhages a duk gabobin da kyallen takarda da take hakkin su aiki.

Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Kamar yadda bayyana cutar, Ebola, alamomin da wannan cuta? Shin yana yiwuwa a farkon matakai na cutar da ake zargin? Abin da ya kamata a sanar? Wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi damu kowane mutum saboda babban hijirarsa na mutanen da suka yi tafiya cikin duniya, ko da lambobi tare da daban-daban da wakilan na Afirka yawan jama'a, da kuma ba kawai. Wajibi ne a san ainihin cututtuka a domin su hana lamba tare da marasa lafiya da kuma ware da haƙuri.

Mutane da yawa haddasawa goyon tambaya na abin da Ebola, wace irin cuta. Wannan zai fara da zazzabi na kwatsam karuwa a jiki zafin jiki zuwa high lambobi, sa'an nan bayyananne cututtuka:

1. A can farko, zafi a cikin makogwaro da kuma kirji. wani rauni, myasthenia gravis.
2. Late mataki ne halin da Bugu da kari na irin wannan fasali kamar yadda tsanani hematemesis, zawo, black tumbi, rash duk kan jikin, ido zub da jini.
3. A karshe mataki na shiga cikin cututtuka da mahara Gabar gazawar da kuma m zub da jini daga dukkan gabobin tare da fitowan na manyan bruises, exanthema lambatu ko da kadan matsa lamba a kan fata.

Saboda haka bayyana kanta Ebola. Photos of lokuta m.

Mutuwa ya auku daga hemorrhagic, dauke da kwayar cutar da mai guba buga, hypovolemia, kuma mahara Gabar gazawar a mako na biyu na rashin lafiya. Ya kamata a lura da cewa laulayi da cuta a cikin mutane shi ne high, bayan murmurewa kafa zaunanniya rigakafi ga subtype na shekaru 10.

dakin gwaje-gwaje ganewar asali

An tabbatar da cewa akwai komowar matakai a cikin jiki a cikin aiwatar da cutar ta Ebola. Menene wannan cuta, ko yana yiwuwa don taimaka mutum - wadannan tambayoyi suna karatu da kuma ci gaba da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya.

A shiryawa zamani ne m yaduwa da cutar a yankin Lymph nodes, hanta da saifa. Bayan faruwa a kan wani m mulkin mallaka na gabobin da kyallen takarda tare da kai tsaye lalata Kwayoyin da cutar da kuma take hakkin su da ayyuka, kazalika da inganta kariya daga autoimmune halayen. Da farko ya shafa jini, bayyana hemorrhagic ciwo, sa'an nan - busa, kuma baya - DIC (watsa intravascular coagulation), wadda take kaiwa zuwa hemorrhages a duk gabobin da kyallen takarda da take hakkin su aiki.

fiye da magani

Kadaici wajibi ne ga marasa lafiya a musamman kwalaye dauke da kwayar cutar sashen ko yarwa filastik kwalaye. A lura da phenol nuna iodoform bayani dauke da sodium hydrogen carbonate. All iyali abubuwa dole ne yarwa, wanda baya disinfected da incinerated a high zazzabi.

Nursing da aka gudanar a anti-annoba kwat da wando. Jiyya da cutar zalla symptomatic. Yana nufin redress da ruwa ta hanyar shan yalwa na ruwa, shayi, soups, amma ba barasa. Ya kamata a daina shan kudi, jini thinners, "asfirin", "Diclofenac" "Ibuprofen" da sauransu.

A maganin domin lura da wannan cuta ne har yanzu a karkashin ci gaba da kuma ya ba tukuna wuce duk gwajinsu. A Rasha, an shirya iri uku maganin da za a jarraba a kan mannyan birai. Bayan 'yan watanni, bisa ga Rasha mataimakin firaministan kasar Olga Golodets, maganin da za a iya amfani da su bi da mutane.

m matakan

Don hana kamuwa da cuta, shi ne kyawawa su guji tafiye-tafiye zuwa yammacin Afrika, musamman a disadvantaged yankunan epidemiologically. Idan wannan shi ne ba zai yiwu, shi wajibi ne don tsayar da kyau sirri kiwon lafiya: wanke hannunka da ruwan famfo da kuma sabulu ko barasa a rike. Wajibi ne a kawar da ko rage girman lambobin sadarwa da mazauna yankunan da kuma kokarin ba a taba jiki ruwaye na kamu mutane.

A nama na dabbobin daji ya kamata a da tafasa sosai, ta amfani kawai shigo da ruwa. Kuma je farauta kamata sa tufafin kariya da kuma safar hannu.

Idan kana kula da marasa lafiya da kuma gawawwakin matattu bukatar musamman tufafin: tufafi da dogon hannayen riga, safar hannu, mask da takalma a hana lamba tare da jini ko jiki ruwaye a jiki.

Mutuwar daga wannan kamuwa da cuta ya kamata a da sauri, kuma a amince binne su a wuta. Yana da muhimmanci a fili rarrabe tsakanin rashin lafiya da lafiya, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a daji kabilu. Waɗanda suke kula da marasa lafiya, bayan ƙarshen aikin dole a duba akalla kwanaki 21. M da lamba ware a cikin na musamman kwalaye, duba ga lokaci guda kuma suna allurar rigakafin tare da takamaiman immunoglobulin samu daga magani na dawakai ne.