Mene ne daban-daban iri iri na wayoyin? Iri da kuma wayoyin

Welding ne mai tsari don samar da abin dogara sadarwa ta gasa gefen sassa da narkewa zafin jiki. MMA - mafi tartsatsi na irin. Wannan hanya ita sosai m, m, technologically sauki da kuma m, a gida.

Jigon da RDS

A gefuna da shiga sassa narke saboda zafi sake ta ionized barbashi daga ƙarƙashinsu tsakanin cathode da anode, - wani lantarki baka. Ionisation auku saboda gaban na yanzu da kuma gajeren kewaye tsakanin biyu sandunan da m ko m halaye.

A kayan aiki amfani don ƙirƙirar da baka ne lantarki - a karfe sanda ko ba na ƙarfe ba asalin. Work iya yi kamar yadda guda ko mahara fil tare da ikon haifar da ƙarin baka tsakanin su (da uku-lokaci baka waldi). A ionized electron rafi kewaye da vapors na kayan aiki da kuma ta ɗaukar hoto narkewa karfe sassa da shi a sãdar, sakamakon su interactions da iska. Nau'in na wayoyin domin waldi aka ƙaddara shan la'akari dukan halaye muhimmi a cikin musamman kayan.

Nau'in masana'antu sanduna da kayan

A da ginshikin, duk da waldi kayayyakin aiki, don RDS kasu kashi narkewa da kuma wadanda ba consumable.

• Narke: ƙarfe kayan aikin yi na baƙin ƙarfe, da karfe, aluminum, jan (dangane da irin karfe da ake welded). A sanda ya aikata cathode ko anode, kuma ma da hidima a matsayin filler abu don ciko da Weld kududdufi da kabu samuwar.
• Neplavjashchimsja: carbon sandunansu, Ya sanya daga graphite, na tungsten. aiki kawai primary aiki. bugu da žari amfani filler karfe waya. Tungsten bukatar lokacin da TIG waldi.

Daga cikin na farko rukuni na wayoyin da aka ware main iri:

• Uncoated. Wannan irin kayan da ba a amfani ga RDS.
• An rufe. Conformal shafi ake amfani da su kula da baka da kwanciyar hankali, da karfe kariya daga kona, daga rinjayar gas, kara inji halaye na Weld da na halitta doping (lamba dab alloying abubuwa da Weld pool mashaya).

Yi amfani da bisa ga irin aikin

Nau'in na wayoyin for manual baka waldi, aka ambata a sama, da mutum aikace-aikace dangane da hanyar ayyukansu.

Carbon wayoyin gano - primary waldi firtsi, wanda ke da mulkin N. N. Benardosu karkashin godu 1882 - an yi amfani da a wannan zamanin. Features: DC, a mike polarity, ƙarin wadata da na filler waya, barga baka, sandan sannu a hankali konewa, carbonization faruwa. A amfani da baya polarity baka halaye da kuma rage kabu (shi carburized).

Da karfe wayoyin - wadannan firtsi ne a fagen waldi fasaha, wanda ke da mulkin N. G. Slavyanovu (1888). Tare da su samo asali prototypes na zamani waldi inji. Welding sandunansu via meltable samu fadi aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu da kuma samu aiki ci gaba. Don kwanan wata, a yi amfani da manual baka, atomatik kuma Semi-atomatik (kura idon Arc) waldi.

Tungsten lantarki, saboda da high narkewa zafin jiki 3422˚S amfani da infusible karkashin argon waldi. A wannan hanya, daban-daban waldi fasahar hadu takamaiman iri wayoyin.

Rarraba ta nada

Manufa - wannan shi ne halayyar inda shared kome da aka sani da wayoyin. Iri da kuma aikace-aikace sandunansu denoted da wannan wasika (Gost 9466-75):

• tsarin karfe, gami da low-gami da wani ƙarfi daga 60 kgf / mm ² (600 MPa) a cikin alama ta kaddamarda da harafin "Y" - carbon.
• alloyed constructional steels ciwon ƙarfi daga 600 MPa - «L».
• high-gami tsarin steels - "B".
• zafi resistant alloyed karfe - "T".
• gami da musamman Properties, wanda an halin surfacing - "H".

A ganawa da aka nuna a mai yawa iri.

sanda shafi

A iri-iri na abun da ke ciki da kuma asalin coatings ake amfani a cikin mutum lokuta da dama na kayan. Wadannan iri lantarki coatings:

• M "A". Dauke da carbon ferromanganese da ferrosilicon. Suna amfani da shi kai tsaye ko DC. Halin high narkewa rates. Better amfani da ƙananan seams.
• Rutile "P". Dauke da rutile (titanium dioxide), carbonates, aluminosilicates, ferromanganese, waterglass. Waldi seams na wani halin da ake ciki da kuma irin kai tsaye ko kai tsaye halin yanzu. A sakamakon m sinadaran halayen, wani m slag da cewa ya hana burnout abubuwa. Good ingancin welds, low yawan guba.
• Cellulose "C". Hada da cellulose, manganese tama, talc, rutile, carbon ferromanganese. Forms m gas a kusa da baka da Weld pool. Domin duk seams. High gudun aiki. mai kyau quality. bai kamata a yarda to zafi fiye da kima; nauyi asarar a kan spraying. Amfani ga m mahada bututu.

• Key "B". Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na carbonates da alli fluoride. A samuwar wani m carbon dioxide saboda dauki na carbonates da arcing oxygen. Yana da kyawawa don yin aikin a karkashin wani m halin yanzu tare da polarity a baya shugabanci. A lokacin waldi canji samu low quality-kabu, ƙarin fasahar inganta ta inji halaye.
• Sauran "P". Dauke da alloying abubuwa. A ingancin da Weld da aka inganta ta hanyar gabatar da su a cikinta wani adadin alloying abubuwa na consumable lantarki.
• Musamman. Dauke da waterglass da resinous abubuwa. Kare daga danshi. Amfani ga karkashin ruwa waldi.

Specific nufi ne duk an rufe wayoyin. Babban irin shafi ne rutile saboda ta versatility. Coatings yi m aiki da deoxidizing gami da zubi pool, ya kara da a cikinta da alloying abubuwa, da samuwar wani sarari na m gas ko slag. Wannan zai kawar da baya Weld ingancin fiye da kayan gefen sassa, don tabbatar da samuwar mai kyau quality-welds.

Kayan aiki da bukatun kafa ta Gost 9466-75

• A wayoyin dole ne a yi ta da high quality abu.
• A shafi kasance m kuma da wani babbar lahani (jiyar da wanzuwar kananan nicks da kuma fasa ba tare da blisters kuma porosity).
• High inji juriya ga mai haɗari tasirin.
• Daban-daban na wayoyin gaba ɗaya melted shafi dole ba marmashe ba tare da kafa m tun fil azal, ba za a fesa a kan halatta halaye.
• A shaft dole ne samar da wani ingancin Weld samuwar: babu fasa, pores, na gida da wuce haddi Weld karfe.
• M zabi daidai da dukan zama dole sigogi da kuma yarda da fasaha - da key ga samuwar wani abin dogara m connection.

Selection daga cikin sanda dangane da size

Novice walda fi sani iri wayoyin, aka ƙaddara da size. A diamita na kayan aiki da abin da aikin za a yi da aka zaba a tsananin daidai da workpiece kauri. Ya ba rufaffen, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fili lakabtawa kayan aiki. A tsawon lantarki ne ma gyarawa bisa ga diamita. Yana da muhimmanci a yi wani tunani na tsawon na kwace ƙarshen uncoated kayan aiki.

A kauri daga cikin shirye baki, mm	Lantarki diamita, d, mm	Lantarki tsawon, mm	A tsawon na kwace karshen gano, mm
2	2	200-250	20
3 zuwa 5	3-4	300-450	25
6 zuwa 8	4-5	350-450	25
9 zuwa 12	5-6	350-450	30
13 zuwa 15	6-7	450	30

Domin gida waldi fi amfani da iri wayoyin domin baka waldi tare da diamita na 2-4 mm. M sanduna suke da amfani a gyara shaguna da kuma masana'antu.

shafi kauri

Yana yana da kansa nadi a sa alama kayan aiki. Yana aka bayyana ta wurin rabo coefficient D (mm) da sanda ga kauri d (mm). Kasu kashi 4 kungiyoyin:

• bakin ciki "M" (rabo zuwa 1.2).
• talakawan "C" (factor yana da darajar tsakanin 1.2 da kuma 1.45);
• m "D" (rabo - a cikin 1,45-1,8).
• musamman m "D" (darajar da coefficient na 1,8).

A sakamakon rinjayar ba kawai irin coatings manual baka waldi wayoyin, amma kuma da kauri daga cikin rufi Layer, da kuma sanda masu girma dabam. Proper selection na lantarki size samar da mai kyau gudun, da kuma ingancin sigogi na baka kafa ta connection.

Selection sandunansu dangane da irin hadin gwiwa da kuma ta na sarari matsayi

Seams da dama sukayi fassara:

• Dangane da ayyuka na babban sojojin: da flank, frontal, QFontDatabase, karshen.
• A daidai da matsayi na welded sassa: abutting, kusurwa, tees, vnakladku fili.
• Dangane da kasancewa daga cikin bevel baki: Bevel ba bevel.
• A daidai da matsayi a sarari: kasa, saman, a kwance, a tsaye.

A zabi rinjayar da na sarari matsayi na kabu. Its irin aka nuna a cikin sa alama sanda.

• 1 - domin waldi a duk wurare.
• 2 - hani amfani ne kawai ga tsaye seams daga sama zuwa kasa.
• 3 - don ƙananan gidajen abinci, a kwance y tsaye jirgin sama a tsaye daga kasa zuwa sama.
• 4 - domin ƙananan seams.

irin kabu zumunta na sarari matsayi aka dauke a lokacin da kayyade halin yanzu dabi'u.

Tasirin lantarki baka sigogi a zabin da waldi kayan aikin

Welding iya za'ayi a karkashin kai tsaye ko kai tsaye halin yanzu, kai tsaye ( "debe" lantarki, "da" a kan samfurin) ko kuma baya da polarity. The zabi ya dogara a kan welded abu da kuma da kaddarorin. yanzu form ne m da ikon Madogararsa.

Babban kayan aiki sa da kuma (ko) tana mayar halin yanzu za a iya amfani: gidajen wuta da kuma oscillators (ƙananan samar ƙarfin lantarki ga zama dole dabi'u) converters kuma rectifiers (tuba alternating mains halin yanzu a cikin wani kai tsaye halin yanzu waldi tsari).

A sigogi da ake bukata domin baka ƙonewa, ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga wadanda cewa za a iya gano a lokacin da tabbatarwa. A irin ƙarfin lantarki da ake bukata domin m samuwar wani baka, da ake kira da bude-kewaye ƙarfin lantarki. Ka yi la'akari da voltages zama dole ga ƙonewa na baka da kuma kula da konewa.

view yanzu	Open kewaye ƙarfin lantarki, V	Awon karfin wuta don kula da arc in
m	50-80	20-30
m	45-50	16-25

Iri waldi wayoyin bambanta dangane da cibiyar sadarwa halaye da kuma denoted da lambobi daga 0 to 9:

• 0 - kawai ga m halin yanzu na daura polarity.
• 1-9 - ga wani igiyoyin.
• 1, 4, 7 - wani polarity.
• 2, 5, 8 - line.
• 3, 6, 9 - baya;
• 1-3 - bude kewaye ƙarfin lantarki na 50 V.
• 4-6 - 70 V.
• 7-9 - 90 V.

Zabi shafi fasali na fasaha da kuma ingancin halaye na gidajen abinci. Saboda haka, guntu zurfin provarivaniya samar da aiki tare da m cibiyar sadarwa sigogi. Amfani ga unpretentious kayan da sauki kayayyaki. Lokacin da waldi baka da m halaye da kuma baya polarity zurfin da Weld pool da inji Properties na Weld an samu 50% sama da ko da tare da kai tsaye polarity. Amfani ga baro kayan da m Tsarin.

Definition na amperage

Lokacin da baka waldi ne a manual irin na iya zama daban-daban - daga 30 zuwa 600 A. Selection na so darajar ne dogara a kan diamita na aiki lantarki da kuma kabu irin game da sarari matsayi. Yana da aka lasafta kamar haka:

• Domin ƙananan seams: I = d * k.
• Domin saman - I = k * d * 0,8.
• Kwance - I = k * d * 0,85.
• Domin a tsaye seams - I = k * d * 0,9.

inda na - yanzu tsanani, A;

d - diamita, mm;

k - da coefficient A / mm.

A coefficient dogara da diamita daga cikin sanda:

• Lantarki 1-2 mm - k = 25-30 A / mm;
• 3-4 mm - k = 30-45 A / mm;
• 5-6 mm - k = 45-60 A / mm.

Kiwon wani aiki da karfi accelerates waldi tsari. A ƙaruwa na m dabi'u zai iya haifar da zafi fiye da kima gefuna, wuce kima burnup aka gyara, matalauta Weld quality.

alama

Domin la'akari da duk nuances muhimmanci hanyar alama misali misali daidai da Gost 9466-75 da 9467-75 (E42A-UONI-13 / 45-3,0 DMPA) / (E432 (5) -B10).

• Brand: SSSI-13/45.
• Type: E42A - lantarki RDS samar da wani Weld ƙarfi daga 420 MPa ya karu ductility (A).
• 3.0 - 3 mm a diamita.
• U - domin waldi carbon karfe da kuma low-gami Tsarin.
• D - m shafi.
• E432 (5) - lambobin, wanda aka rufaffen da fili halaye Weld karfe.
• 43 - tensile ƙarfin ba kasa da 430 MPa.
• 2 - elongation ba kasa da 24%.
• 5 - waldi ne zai yiwu a yanayin zafi sama -40˚S. yayin da samar da mafi ƙarancin canja darajar da tauri na da karfe 34 J / cm ^2.
• B - tushe gashi.
• 1 - da na sarari matsayi na kabu: wani.
• 0 - waldi baka kawai tare da m halaye da kuma kai tsaye polarity.

A amfani da daban-daban da kuma brands na waldi kayan aikin

Duk abin tattauna a sama da lãbãri mafi zuwa lakabtawa na wayoyin for karfe RDS. Muhimmanci misalai na sanduna amfani ga wani iri-iri na ferrous da nonferrous karafa. Kasa ne su fi na kowa iri.

Nau'in na wayoyin an rarraba bisa ga qaddara Weld karfe da hankula inji halaye na Weld.

Carbon low-gami karfe sanduna welded iri:

• E42: iri ANO-6, ELN-17, WCC-4M.
• E42: SSSI-13/45, SSSI-13 / 45A.
• E46: ANO-4, ELN-34, TAU-6.
• E46A: SSSI-13 / 55K, ANO-8.
• E50: WCC-4A, 550-U.
• E50A: ANO-27 ANO-TM, DA-4C.
• E55: SSSI-13 / 55U.
• E60: ANO-TM60, SSSI-13/65.

Alloyed high-ƙarfi karfe:

• E70: 1-ANP, ANP-2.
• E85: SSSI-13/85, SSSI-13 / 85U.
• E100: AN-HN7, OZSH-1.

High gami steels: E125: RI-3m, E150: NIAT-3.

Surfacing karfe: OZN-400M / 15G4S, EN-60M / E-70H3SMT, OZN-6 / 90H4G2S3R, UONI-13 / H1-BC / E-09H31N8AM2, CN-6M / E-08H17N8S6G, OZSH-8 / 11H31N11GSM3YUF.

Iron: OZCH-2 / Cu, OZCH-3 / Ni, OZCH-4 / Ni.

Aluminum, kuma ta gami: OAD-1 / Al, Ozan-1 / Al.

Copper da ta gami: ANZ / aur-2 / Cu, EHS-2m / CuSn.

Nickel da ta gami RLA-32.

Daga sama jerin shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa alama tsarin ne sosai rikitarwa, ta haka ne dangane da wajen guda ka'idojin encrypting halaye na da sanda, ta shafi, diamita, gaban alloying abubuwa.

A ingancin mai Weld hadin gwiwa dogara a kan m flowsheet. A kan abin da iri lantarki zaba, da wadannan dalilai:

• Weldable abu da kuma da kaddarorin, gaban alloying abubuwa da kuma mataki na alloying.
• kauri daga cikin samfurin.
• A irin da matsayi na kabu.
• Kayyade fili ko inji Properties na Weld karfe.

Novice walda muhimmanci a kewaya da ka'idodi na zabi da kuma sa alama kayayyakin aiki, don waldi karfe, kazalika da ta yi aiki da rarraba brands sanduna a kan manufar, to san ainihin iri wayoyin da nagarta sosai amfani da su a lokacin waldi.