Mene ne acrostics? Tarihi da typology

A yau, akwai wata babbar iri-iri na kasida poetic siffofin cikin abin da suka iya ƙirƙirar nasu Masterpieces. Daya daga cikinsu - wani acrostic, tsohon ne musamman rare daga cikin Azurfa Age kasida. Acrostics rubuta Valeriy Bryusov, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, kuma ko da Sergei Yesenin. A cikin dukan tarihin wallafe-wallafe, da yawa wasu shahararrun kasida, ma, yi kokarin hannunsa a rubuta acrostics.

Mene ne acrostics

The kalmar "acrostic" ya zo daga Girkanci da nufin "poetic line." Abin lura shi ne cewa Slavs da nasu kalma domin wannan ra'ayi - kraestrochie.

Yawanci, da acrostic ne wani rubutu mai ma'ana, daga farko haruffa na kowane layi wanda zai iya yin wata kalma, yankin jumla ko jumla. Abin lura shi ne cewa, daga cikin al'ummai acrostics aka kuma dauke da bayyana rubutu ba tare da rhyme.

Acrostics a zamanin d Roma da kuma na da Turai

Bayan aikatã game da gaskiyar cewa irin wannan acrostics, da daraja karanta da taƙaitaccen tarihin na fitowan da kuma baza.

Mahaliccin wannan poetic nau'i ne Epicharmus na Kos - mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo na zamanin d Girka. Tare da hasken hannunka bayyana wannan ayar form.

A kadan daga baya yadada wannan irin waqe da kuma a cikin Roman Empire. Aron wani yawa na abubuwa na al'adu na Girkawa, da Romawa da aka ma sau da yawa amfani acrostics. Mafi mashahuri acrostic a kan sunan majiɓinci, na mawãƙi da kyau lover. Wani lokaci Roman mawãƙi encrypt otgadki riddles a waqe. Sau da yawa da rubutu acrostics ne kawai motsa jiki ga mawãƙi ne.

Daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan wannan irin da ake dangantawa da yaduwar addinin Krista a cikin Roman Empire. Saboda haka, kasancewa na farko daga cikin doka, kamar yadda Kiristoci, don samun san juna, hada wani acrostic kalmar "Yesu" da aka keɓe ga Allah. Wannan aikin da dangantaka mafi zuwa subspecies acrostic - akrotelestihu.

Tare da fitowan na Kiristanci da kawai addini a tsakiyar zamanai acrostics ba su rasa da shahararsa. Yanzu, duk da haka, da suka sau da yawa ba a rubuta wadanda mutane kasida, kuma aka tonsured wani m. Rubuta wakoki waqe sadaukar da Allah, kazalika a kan Littafi Mai Tsarki batutuwa, sufaye sau da yawa "boye" a sunayensu ko su tips a kan yadda za a fahimci wannan rubutu.

A wadanda mutane adabi acrostic ma sau da yawa amfani. Yanzu, duk da haka, ya taka leda rawar da wani cipher saboda kara tsaurara katsalandan da coci. Mutane da yawa m gabascin da masana kimiyya ta amfani da acrostics shared tare da juna asiri bayanai ko zungure fun a hukumomi.

Wadanda suka duqufa zuwa acrostics na tsakiyar zamanai? Mafi sau da yawa, da daraja mutane. Mutane da yawa talented kasida da cewa lokaci don samun riƙe da wani iko ya zama majiɓinci, ware su yi masa aiki. Amma da gaske mai kyau acrostics iya rubuta ba ga kowa da kowa, saboda na hadadden tsarin da waka da kuma bukatar adana shi a cikin dace da hankali. Bugu da kari, m mutane ba su wawaye, kuma ko da yake ba sosai masani a cikin tausasãwa na shayari, amma ineptly rubuta ayar za a iya gani.

Acrostics a Rasha adabi na marigayi goma sha takwas - farkon ashirin ƙarni

A Rasha adabi aka Extended acrostic (misalai a kasa) godiya ga Archimandrite Herman, wanda ya rayu a cikin goma sha bakwai karni. Tare da mai kyau poetic iyawa, m rubuta waka akan Zabura Dawuda. Sau da yawa a cikin waqe ya digãdigansa sunansa. Kafin mu lokaci zauna kawai goma sha bakwai na ta shayari, duk abin da aka rubuta a acrostic style.

A cikin goma sha takwas - farkon goma sha tara ƙarni acrostics hankali rasa da shahararsa, bada hanya zuwa wasu siffofin ayar.

Amma tare da isowa na Azurfa Age na Rasha shayari (marigayi karni na sha tara), tare da bayyanar a cikin adabi na da yawa mai girma kasida acrostic sake zama mashahuri. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta ci gaban symbolism, kamar yadda wani acrostic taimake graphically zuwa "boye" a cikin waka wasu alama.

Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, Valentin Bryusov da kuma wasu masu babban waƙen cewa zamanin da aka rubuta da kyau acrostics, wani lokacin duqufad da su zuwa juna ko gogayya da su tare. Musamman m na acrostics Valeriy Bryusov, waɗanda suka rubuta da yawa acrostics mai fadi da iri-iri iri.

Cikin karni na ashirin da yau acrostics ba kamar yadda m, amma a cikin ayyukansu na kusan kowane mawãƙi su ne ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa acrostic ne wani kalubale - bayan duk rubuta mai kyau acrostic iya kawai daidai wielding ikon rhyme mawãƙi ne. Bugu da kari, acrostics yau sau da yawa da aka rubuta domin yin wani mai kyauta ga wani biki da kuma shi ne mai musamman gaisuwa. Wani lokaci su kawai ke e wasu taron ko lokaci na shekara. Saboda haka, Anastasia Bogolyubov rubuta a kananan acrostic "Spring".

Inhaling da kamshi rai,
Halitta da kuma cute zuciya,
Bayan tsere daga a cike da laka, hanyõyi,
Kadai tare da na halitta ƙarfi
Chords zai sauti gandun daji.

iri acrostics

Da ciwon aikatã game da gaskiyar cewa irin wannan acrostics, da kuma koyi game da tarihin, za ka iya zuwa su typology. Tare da gaisuwa zuwa ga makõma acrostics, akwai nau'i uku na su.

1. Acrostic-keɓewa,. Mafi na kowa da irin duk lokacin da wannan poetic form. A iyakoki na waka, kamar yadda mai mulkin, codified da sunan mutumin da wanda wannan aikin da aka sadaukar - mai kyautata, ya ƙaunace daya ko kawai wani aboki. Acrostics, hazaka sau da yawa ya rubuta wa juna kasida na Azurfa Age. Alal misali, Nikolai Gumilyov rubuta acrostic na Anna Akhmatova.
2. Acrostic key. A wannan waka, a cikin babban birnin kasar haruffa rufaffen tare da wani mažalli don fahimtar ma'anar dukan aikin. Sau da yawa yi amfani da lokacin da composing riddles. An misali ne acrostic "Friendship" Yuri Neledinsky-Mielec, tsara don Tsarevich Alexei.
3. Acrostic-cipher. Yana shigar wanda ke aiki a kalma, kalmar, ko ma dukan jumla, wadda dole ne ba sun lura baki. Yana samu ta baza wannan acrostic a lokacin mutane da yawa ƙarni na Church na Inquisition. Kuma a lokuta dabam dabam, a} asashen da yin katsalandan aka musamman m.

Akwai ma wasu irin acrostic. Yana abetsedary, mezostih, Telesto, akrotelestih, akrokonstruktsiya da diagonal acrostic. Ko da yake wani lokacin su saniyar ware a matsayin raba irin poetic form. A lokacin, wannan tambaya da su na zuwa a subspecies na acrostics zauna bude.

abetsedary

Abetsedary - acrostic, rubuta a Tsarin Harafi Bayan Harafi. A wannan aiki, kowane kalma ko farkon stanza fara da haruffa daga cikin haruffa domin. A cikin Rasha adabi ta yadu da aka sani abetsedary Valery Bryusov.

Telesto

Mirror analogue acrostic. Yana zane kalma ba a farko haruffa na farko Lines na waka, kamar yadda a baya. Sau da yawa, maimakon guda wasika a karshen da stanza tsaya a syllable ko kalma. Wannan irin shayari ya Popular a Roman wallafe-wallafe.

Akrotelestih

Wannan subtype ne mai hade da abubuwa da kuma acrostic telestiha. A m kalma ko yankin jumla, za ka iya sa ba kawai da farko haruffa na kowane stanza, amma kuma na karshen. Mafi sau da yawa, da farko da kuma karshe phrases ne m, ko da yake akwai ban. Wani misali na wannan waka shi ne aikin da Michael Bashkeeva "Akrotelestih ga ibn."

Mezostih

A wannan nau'i na poetic form haruffa a tsakiyar kowane stanza sa up da kalmar. Wannan aya ba Popular. Tun da mutane sau da yawa raba kasidu a cikin aya, a ta hankali, sa'an nan kuma sami rufaffen kalma ne da wuya sosai.

diagonal acrostic

Wani lokaci mezostih da diagonal acrostic rikita batun da girmama su tare da daya da kuma guda. A halin yanzu, shi ne mai gaba daya jinsuna daban. A cikin diagonal acrostic kalma rufaffen diagonally maimakon tsaye. Wani lokaci irin wannan kuma ana kiranta "labyrinth", don haka kamar yadda mezostihom ba daidai ba rarraban line, sami asirin kalma ba zai zama da sauki.

Akrokonstruktsiya

Akrokonstruktsiya hadawa biyu abubuwa na acrostic, telestiha da sauran jinsunan. A farkon karni na ashirin Rasha adabi akrokonstrutsii sadaukar domin Marina Tsvetaeva kuma Plato rubuta Karpovskiy Valentin Zagoryansky. Ya, kamar babu wanda ya iya jimre wannan wuya ayar form. A wadannan ne a waka sadaukar da Karpovskiy.

tautogram

Related to acrostics ne ma tautogram. A rare lokuta, suna dauka domin acrostics, amma wannan shi ne m. A cikin wadannan kasidu, duk kalmomin da za a fara da wannan wasika. Alal misali, a sanannun waka, tautogram Bryusov.

Yau, ba kowa ya san abin da acrostics (ajalin kanta), amma ba wanda zai ki idan ya za e wannan aiki. Idan so, wanda zai iya oda ga kanka ko ku masõyansa na musamman da sunan acrostic. Bugu da kari, duk wanda ko da dan kadan san yadda za a rhyme, iya kokarin su hannunka a rubuta acrostics, wannan ne mai matukar nishadi sha'awa.