Matsakaicin ruwa zurfin submarines: siffofin da kuma bukatun

Submarine Shipbuilding yana da dama manufofin. Duk da su, ko ta wani hanya, da nasaba da wani karu a ikon gane submarines ta kara tazarar dake tsakanin shi da ruwa surface, kazalika da wasu sauran abubuwan. Hakika, da soja-masana'antu hadaddun a general wani yanki, da manufofin da ne sau da yawa sosai daban-daban daga cikin lumana bukatun da talakawa mutum. Duk da haka, a wannan labarin, za mu dubi wasu bayanai game da abin da ruwa zurfin submarines, kazalika har zuwa abin da wannan darajar dabam.

A kadan tarihi: bathyscaphe

Mu ne a cikin kayan za su, ba shakka, a kan warships. Ko da yake mutum bincike na marine sarari hada da ziyarar da su, har ma da duniyar tamu ta matsakaicin zurfin - kasa na Mariana tare mahara, wanda aka sani da ya zama fiye da 11 km daga teku surface. Duk da haka, tarihi nutsewa, wanda ya faru baya a shekarar 1960, da aka gudanar a wani bathyscaphe. Wannan ne na'urar da cewa ba shi da da buoyancy a cikin cikakken hankali, tun da shi ne kawai zai iya nutse sai a tashi saboda da dabaru na aikin injiniya da baiwa. A general, da aiki da bathyscaphe ne babu tambaya na motsi a cikin wani kwance jirgin sama a kan wani tsanani nesa. Saboda haka da nutsewa zurfin submarines, wanda aka sani da suna don shawo kan babban nisa da yawa karami submersibles rikodin ga a kalla a matsayin dogon.

A mafi muhimmanci halayyar

Da yake jawabi na records a gaban teku sarari, ya kamata mu manta game da gaskiya nufi submarines. Soja hari da warhead, wanda kullum zaune a irin wannan jirgin ruwa, ya shafi ba kawai mafi girma motsi wajibi ne a gare su. Bugu da kari, dole ne su zama gwani a boye manufa domin wannan ruwa shafi taso a daidai lokacin da sauri nutse a bukatar rayuwa bayan da soja aiki zurfin. A gaskiya ma, cikin karshen kayyade matakin da jirgin na fama iyawa. Saboda haka, matsakaicin nutsewa zurfi daga cikin submarine ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye.

kara dalilai

Akwai da dama sharudda a wannan batun. Kara zurfi daga cikin submarine damar inganta maneuverability a tsaye jirgin sama, tun da tsawon da jirgin ne yawanci a kalla dama dubun mita. Saboda haka, idan shi ne 50 mita karkashin ruwa, kuma ta girma har sau biyu, motsi saukar ko up ne fraught tare da cikakken asarar voye.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin "thermal Layer" wanda karfi karkatar Sonar siginar zuwa ruwa shafi. Idan ka je a kasa da su, da submarine zama kusan "ganuwa" ga tracking kayan aiki surface jirãge. Ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa a mai zurfin irin wannan na'urar ne fiye da wuya a halakar da wata samuwa makami a duniya.

A mafi girma da nutsewa zurfin submarines, da karfi dole iya withstanding da m matsa lamba. Wannan, a sake, a hannun wani na kowa tsaro iyawa daga cikin jirgin. A karshe, idan zurfin iyaka ba ka damar karya a kan teku bene, shi kuma qara da stealth submarine ga wani radar kayan aiki samuwa da zamani tracking tsarin.

Basic terminology

Akwai biyu main halaye, da nuna ikon da submarine to nutse. A farko - da ake kira aiki zurfin. A waje kafofin, shi ma ya bayyana a matsayin bazuwar. Wannan halayyar nuna yadda zurfi nutse submarine, wanda za a iya saukar da wani Unlimited yawan sau cikin dukan zamanin da aiki. Alal misali, Amurka "Thrasher" ne kullum sanya 40 dives a shekara cikin ba darajar har na gaba lokacin da ka yi ƙoƙarin yin ƙetare takaici, ta hallaka tare da duk hannuwa a cikin Atlantic. Na biyu muhimmanci alama - kiyasta ko hallakaswa (a waje kafofin) zurfin. Yana yayi dace da wani girma a wadda ta hydrostatic matsa lamba wuce ƙarfi daga cikin jiki, lasafta a lokacin da zayyana da na'urar.

gwada zurfin

Akwai daya mafi alama, abin da ya kamata a ambata a cikin mahallin. Wannan shi ne zurfin nutsewa cikin submarine, iyaka bisa ga lissafin, gano a kasa wanda zai iya sa halakar da fata kanta, ko Frames, ko wasu waje kayan aiki. Haka kuma an kira "gwajin" a cikin kasashen waje kafofin. Yana ba da wani hali ba za a wuce na musamman na'urar.

Komowa zuwa "sussuka kuma yă": msar tambayar = 300 mita, sai ya tafi a kan ta gwada zurfin na 360 mita. Af, da zurfin na submarine aka aiko nan da nan bayan ƙaddamar a Amurka daga shuka da kuma, a gaskiya, "An gudanar da a" a kan shi a wani lokaci kafin ta yana daukar kwayar cutar umurnin sashen. Mun gama da bakin ciki labarin "Thrasher". Gwaje-gwaje na 360 mita ƙare takaici, ga shi, kuma ko da yake ya ba saboda da matukar zurfi, da kuma fasaha matsaloli tare da makaman nukiliya-powered submarine, amma hatsari, a fili, shi ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam.

A submarine rasa gudun saboda engine tasha, hurawa da ballast tankuna sun gaza, kuma naúrar tafi zuwa ga kasa. A cewar masana, da halakar da submarine ƙwanso faru a zurfin game da 700 mita, don haka da cewa, kamar yadda muka gani, tsakanin gwajin darajar da gaske ansu kafofin tarwatsa akwai mai kyau bambanci.

A talakawan Figures

A kan lokaci, ba shakka, da dabi'u na cikin zurfin girma. Idan submarine na duniya na biyu da aka lasafta a kan darajar 100-150 mita, na gaba ƙarni na wadannan ƙãra iyaka. Tare da sabuwar dabara na da yiwuwar amfani da makaman nukiliya fission don ƙirƙirar Motors nutsewa zurfin submarines ma ya karu. A farkon 60s ta riga ya game 300-350 mita. Modern submarines da iyaka game 400-500 mita. Saboda haka yanzu a kan wannan gaba, akwai wani sarari stagnation shi ya zama alama da al'amarin ga nan gaba aukuwa, ko da yake yana da daraja ambata wani matsanancin aikin halitta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin 80s.

cikakkar rikodin

Muna magana ne game da wani submarine "Komsomolets", da rashin alheri, takaici, sunk, amma shi nasa ne da har yanzu unconquered ganiya a ci gaba na zamani da tẽku mai zurfi, submarines. Wannan musamman aikin har yanzu yana da wani analogues a duniya. Da cewa shi ne sosai m, musamman tsada da kuma m, a da tanadin kayan da aka yi amfani da sarrafa daga jikinsa - titanium. Matsakaicin nutsewa zurfi daga cikin submarine a duniya yayin da har yanzu nasa ne da "Komsomolets". Wannan rikodin aka kafa a shekarar 1985, lokacin da Soviet submarine kai 1027 mita kasa da teku surface.

Af, da aiki da darajar domin shi ya 1,000 mita da kuma kiyasta - 1250. A sakamakon haka, "Komsomolets" nutse a 1989 saboda karfi wuta, wanda ya fara a zurfin game da 300 mita. Kuma ko da yake ya, da bambanci ga wannan "Thrasher" gudanar taso kan ruwa, da labarin har yanzu ya kasance sosai ban tausayi. The wuta lalace da submarine saboda haka kusan nan da nan nutse. Mutane da dama ne aka kashe a cikin wuta duk da haka, da kuma game da rabi daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin nutsar a cikin ruwa na garin kankara har podospevala taimako.

ƙarshe

A zurfin nutsewa na zamani submarines ne 400-500 mita, matsakaicin ne yawanci da ɗan mafi girma dabi'u. Record 1027 mita, kafa "Komsomolets", duk da haka ba zai iya iya wani daga cikin data kasance m submarines dukan ƙasashe. A kalma for nan gaba.