Mene ne Independence: tarihin, asalin da kuma na zamani amfani da kalmar

Abubuwan da suka faru a Ukraine a 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, ya janyo hankulan da ban sha'awa ba kawai ga siyasa halin da ake ciki a kasar, amma kuma a hakikanin gida rayuwa, hadisai da kuma Gwargwadon sunayen. A musamman, da yawa zama sha'awar abin da Maidan. A tarihin wannan alama, da darajar da etymology tattauna a kasa.

Asalin kalmar

A lexical tsarin da Rasha harshen akwai kalmomi kamar 'yan qasar Slavic asali, da kuma babban Layer na aro abubuwa. A musamman, da yawa Alamu waje etymology shiga harshen mu da wani dogon lokaci da suka wuce, kuma an daina riskarsa kamar dan hanya. Alal misali, kalmomi kamar "kankana", "bijimin cart", "fensir", "Apricot" an san kowannenmu a farkon lokacin kuruciya da kuma shi ne mai saba wa Rasha kunne duk da cewa duk wadannan Alamu suna da gaske aron.

Su fahimci abin da Maidan, za ka iya nema da taimako na kwararru-masana ilimin harsuna. A etymological kamus na Rasha harshen, harhada ta Jamus masanin ilimin harsuna Maksom Fasmerom, ya lura da cewa asali da kalmar Maidan kwanakin baya zuwa Turkic harsuna, cewa shi ne, da Kazakh, Tatar, Harshen Turkmen, Turkish da sauransu.

Token "Maidan" ya zama sananne ga Rasha mutane da yawa da suka wuce ƙarni, watakila ma a cikin kwanaki na Mongol-Tatar karkiya. A Turks kira da Maidan duk fili lebur ƙasa.

Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa kasuwanci a Rasha sukan yi kawai da sababbin da suka zaba to tallatar da tsakiyar wurare na birnin, da kuma kira wurin saba musu a cikin kalmomi. Kasuwanci daga Near East da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya, ya yada zango a cikin Rasha birni, dage farawa daga su wares a kan yankunan inda aka saya, outbid mazauna yankin da suka ji wasu ta magana. Saboda haka don mu, misali, shi ne harshe kalmar "zherdeli" na nuna apricot.

A lokaci guda Slavic m shipping abinci daga ƙasashe masu nisa, za a replicated da kuma kawo gida a waje harshe. Asalin kalmar "Independence", babu shakka saboda da tarihi na cinikayya na Rasha da kuma Asia.

Maganar a Rasha harshen XIX karni

Zama cikakken memba harshen mu, obzhivshis a wani sabon yanayi, wani waje kalma ne da wuya daidai rike asalin ma'anar. Domin fahimtar yadda za a canza ilimin harsuna da alama a Rasha harshen, za ka iya koma zuwa da ma'anar kalmar "Independence" bisa ga Dahl.

A cikin littafin daga cikin shahararrun folklorist lura fiye da dozin zaɓuɓɓuka saboda cin bincikar Alamu!

A daki-daki, ƙamus Dahl ce cewa irin wannan Maidan (da kalmar da ta yi amfani da yare). Ɗari biyu da suka wuce, a cikin fagage daban-daban na kasar mu Maidan kira kowane yanki, kõwane tudun, gandun daji shuka, kwalta, a bukka a cikin dazuzzuka, wani wuri ga birane aikinsu, kasuwa da kuma wani ɓangare na kasuwa, a kan wanda Playing cards da dan lido, bukka a cikin abin da kauyukan sun taru don su tattauna mahimman batutuwa. Kuma a cikin kudancin yankunan da Rasha Empire "Maidan" ya more ta a maimaikon "tudun" - wani tsoho Scythian binne.

Saboda haka, domin sanin daidai da abin da "Maidan" ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Lalle ne, a kan lokaci, da kalmar ba kawai rasa asalin ilimin harsuna, amma ya samu wani yawan sabon dabi'u, wasu daga wanda, duk da haka, karshen XX karni, ya gaba daya bace.

A fassarar kalmomin a cikin zamani Rasha

A zamaninmu, da kalmar "Independence" kusan rasa ta shubuha. Idan 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce da cewa alama za a iya samu kusan ko'ina a Rasha Empire, shi ya yanzu samu kawai a kudancin kasar mu da kuma a Ukraine.

A Kuban da kuma a kan gaba daga cikin Black Sea Maidan har yanzu kira bazaar ko kasuwa. Wannan ne mai yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin wadannan yankuna na ƙarni rayu Tartars da mazauni ne na Central Asia, wanda sun kiyaye maganar a cikin ainihin ma'anar. Sa'ada yadda za a fassara kalmar "Independence" - "lebur unoccupied yanki" - ba shi da kyau yankin domin kasuwanci?

Abin da ya aikata "Maidan" in Ukrainian harshe

A cikin Ukrainian harshe akwai wasu kalmomi cewa a Rasha yana nufin yankin: "Ploshcha", "Platz", "dvir", "Maidan". A ilimin harsuna na wadannan alamu akwai wasu bambance-bambance.

Saboda haka, na karshe alama da aka fi amfani da su koma ga babban kauye ko gari square. A wasu kalmomin, da Maidan in Ukrainian harshe - wannan shi ne wani wuri inda cinikai an sanya, tarurruka an gudanar da, da tambaya, da dai sauransu Yana alama cewa asalin kalmar "Independence" ya yi daidai da wannan fassarar ..

Sauran ma'ana Alamu advantageously amfani da wani lokaci na ambata sunayen lissafi ko wani lebur yankin. Alal misali, a cikin Rasha. "Sown yanki" - Ukr. "Ploscha zasіvna" Rus. "Square yanki" - Ukr. "Ploscha square".

Yadda ya yi da wuri-sunan "Independence Square"

Babban square na Kiev a Rasha kira Independence Square. Amma tun a tsakiyar birnin zama da aka sani kawai kwanan nan, amma shi ya kasance bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma samuwar Ukraine matsayin mai zaman kanta a jihar.

Kafin shekarar 1991, babban square na Kiev a daban-daban sau aka kira Goat fadama, Sovetskaya Square, Kalinin, Khreschatytska da kuma wasu sauran sunayen. Bayan da} asar ta samu 'yancin kai da hukumomin tunani game da awarding na yankin na wani yan asali take, daidai saboda shi aka zaba da kalmar "Independence", ko da yake ba kafin yanki da ke tsakiyar birnin da aka ba sanye da irin wannan nadi.

Abin da ya aikata "Maidan" in Ukrainian

The juyin mulki da ya faru ba haka ba da dadewa a mahaifarsa daga Taras Shevchenko, ya kawo wani sabon Trend a cikin tarihi na kalma. Daga yanzu, su fahimci abin da Maidan (ma'anar kalmar da ta tarihi) bai isa ya daukaka kara zuwa ga Dictionary. Harshe tasowa ci gaba da lexicography ba zai iya amsa wa wadannan canje-canje nan da nan, sakamakon sabon kalmomi ba alama na dogon lokaci a cikin kamus.

Duk wanda ya tuna da 2014, ya fahimci abin da "Maidan" a Ukraine. Domin da yawa yan unguwa magana ta zama synonymous tare da m ruhu na juyin juya hali, ƙarfin zuciya da kuma jin tsoro. A lokaci guda ga masu rinjaye na Rasha (da wasu Ukrainians), wannan alama fara addu'a bai daya akan m zaluntar, wawanci, ta'addanci, wariyar launin fata da kuma kin amincewa da nasu tarihi.

Wanne daga cikin wadannan dabi'u a zabi - ka shawarta. Amma bari mu fatan cewa kalmar "Independence" za a gabatar da ma'ana a cikin sabon kamus.