Marsupial zaki: photos, bayanai, description

Duba tarihi na Duniya tsawon miliyoyin shekaru, zuwa kashi takamaiman tarihi lokaci. Alal misali, a farkon, na tsakiya da kuma marigayi Eocene, Miocene lokaci, da Pliocene, Jurassic - wadannan da sauran mataki daukan wata babbar adadin shekaru dubbai na ci gaba da kuma samuwar rayuwa a duniya. A wannan zamanin girma duwãtsu, sararin nahiyoyi rabu, da samar da wani sabon yanayin kasa da kuma kafa wani kaucewa musamman nau'i na rayuwa.

Hukunci a kansu a yau, zamani mutumin iya kawai godiya ga aikin da burbushin halittu. Masana kimiyya suna gano skeletons dabbobi kamar dinosaur, sa'an nan ya canja su da farko babbar yara da kuma babban adadin herbivores, bayyana da jerin dabba ci gaba a duniya.

Oligocene Epoch

Wannan lokaci na ci gaba da Earth dauki lokaci daga 25 zuwa 38 da miliyan shekaru da suka wuce. Yana yana da babban muhimmanci a cikin ci gaban da sabon siffofin na rayuwa, kamar yadda aka a wannan lokaci da sauyin yanayi suka hankali sanyaya, da kuma wurin da Rainforest ciyayi ya zo fi son a temperate sauyin yanayi.

A kan miliyoyin shekaru a Kudu iyakacin duniya a wata babbar gleiser, ga halittar wanda ya dauki mai yawa teku ruwa, wanda ya kai ga shallowing teku kuma daukan hotuna na manyan yankunan ƙasar. Sai da na ɗauki sabon gandun daji da kuma sararin jeji, wanda aka fara gabatar ciyawa.

A wannan lokacin, Indiya ya yi tafiya daga kudu zuwa arewa, ya shiga jirgin ruwa a kan ekweita, kuma ya zama wani makwabcin na Asia da kuma Australia har abada m tafi daga Antarctica. Saboda haka, da zarar na] aukacin al'ummar yanayin kasa na partitions halitta a kan kowane sabon stretch na ƙasar nasu musamman ra'ayoyi. Alal misali, tare da Australia, "tanã gudãna" marsupials, da aka ɓullo da a wannan nahiyar. A nan, a ƙarshen Oligocene lokaci, akwai babbar predator na lokaci - marsupial zaki. Photo image na dabba, halitta da masana kimiyya a kasusuwan za a iya gani a cikin Museum of binciken burbushin halittu. A cewar shi fili yana nuna yadda wuya dabba mahaukaci ba. Bayyanar wannan predator ya ba mai haɗari. Don shi ya kawo canje-canje a cikin yanayi.

predator mazauninsu

Kamar yadda kuma da karin yanki na ƙasar da za a cika steppe, shi ya sa fitowan da wata babbar dama sabon nau'in na herbivores, daga cikinsu na farko ya bayyana dabbobi. Sun kasance raƙuma perboterii. Bayan su akwai irin wannan nau'i na dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar aladu, giant karkanda, bauna, barewa, da sauransu.

Ana zargin fiye da miliyan 25 da suka wuce, wani sabon irin shuke-shuke - ciyawa, shi ya sa wani m yada a fadin duniya. Ta, da bambanci ga da magabata, da ganye ba girma a saman da kara da kuma kasa. Wannan yarda ta warke, kuma girma sosai da sauri bayan da farko harbe ci herbivorous. Wannan ya karu dabbobinsu. Babu shakka, a cikin mahallin da irin wannan mai yawa da abinci, da kuma su ci gaba sun kasance yara.

A lokacin da marigayi Oligocene sun fara karnuka da Cats, kazalika da marsupial zaki. Wannan musamman dabba mallaka m ƙarfi da kalmomin sirri, da kuma rashin babban adadin fafatawa a gasa, ya haddasa wata halitta karuwa a yawan al'ummarta.

A musamman predator

A kimiyya sunan wannan dabba - Thylacoleo carnifex, wanda ke nufin "sumkolev mahauci" (da Executioner). Ba abin mamaki ba ya samu sunansa, kamar yadda kamawa ganima, wannan carnivore bai bar ta ta fito daga gidansa da m girth. Wannan shi ne saboda tsarin da ta gaban paws. Tare da ci gaban da 80 cm da kuma mayar da zuwa 170 cm a tsawon, ya auna 130 zuwa 165 kg, wanda nuna shi a kan na farko da wuri tsakanin Australia da yara. Ko da yake ya kasance wani hadiri steppes, dangi ne ko dai wombats da koalas, possums da wani cuscuses.

Masana kimiyya sun zo ba tukuna zuwa yarjejeniya, tun da shi ba a share asalin sabon abu predator hakora. Dvureztsovoe su tsarin kama da jaws hakori, wanda shi ne matukar mamaki, saboda marsupial zaki (photo kasa shi nuna) da aka gudanar na musamman cin nama. Yawanci, irin wannan hakori na'ura muhimmi annan dabbobi da cewa cinye kayan abinci. Saboda haka, an Australian marsupial zaki - shi ne wajen wani banda ga mulkin bisa ga abin da shi ne a fili cewa dalilin da ya carnivorous canines ne herbivorous dentition.

Description of kwarangwal na da marsupial zaki kai

Kawai ya zauna same ta burbushin halittu zai iya yin hukunci da yadda m shi ne wani dabba. Binciko da tsarin, masana kimiyya sun koyi yadda za su rayu, farauta da kuma abin da jinsunan mallakar marsupial zaki. dabba ta bayanin ya ce shi ne wakilin detachment dvureztsovyh, wanda sun hada da dabbar kangaroo. Wadannan biyu dabbobi suna da wani abu a na kowa - da wutsiya. Kuna hukunta daga kwarangwal samu a Australia, da marsupial zaki yi amfani da shi domin zaman lafiya, a lokacin da ya zauna a kan haunches.

A kwarangwal na predator ta kai ta nuna cewa ya kasance da karfi riko, da kuma lokacin da ya tarar da samarwa da kuma glares a ta hakora, ya m jaws clenched kuma bai bari aka azabtar har ta raunana daga jini hasãra.

A ci gaba da carnivorous fara da siffofin kananan size, kamar pristsileo, wanda kuma nasa ne da oda na marsupials zauna a itatuwa da kuma sun omnivorous. The same skeletons na wadannan dabbobi za a iya gano, yadda za a canza tsarin da su muƙamuƙanka, da nuna hali ya kara da tsawon kwanakinka da gaban incisors. Shi ne daga gare su, kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni, akwai wani Pleistocene tilakoleo marsupial zaki, wanda yana da wani biyu daga kaifi gaban hakora.

description paws

Na dogon lokaci, masana binciken burbushin halittu ya ba da bayani game da abin da ya Hind kafafu na dabba. All skeletons da aka samu da kyau-tsare gaba, na kuma paws, wanda ya daya spaced yatsa. Wannan yarda da marsupial zaki ci gaba da samar da kima da kansa size.

Har zuwa 21 karni da aka sani da ya wuce kusa da kuma neman wannan dabba. The masana kimiyya dangane da zato cewa da tsarin shi ne kama da skeletons na zamanin d yara na feline. Samu a shekarar 2005, da dukan kwarangwal ya nuna cewa ba shine al'amarin ba, suka zaci duba marsupial zaki. Bayani samu bayan bayyanar dabba farka, ya nuna cewa ya yi Hind kafafu da wani tsarin kama da beyar. Extremities aka dan kadan juya a cikin gida, da kuma sun spaced yatsa baka taimaka dabba itace rassan.

Saboda haka, shi ya bayyana cewa dabba sa ta Hind kafafu don surface gaba daya, wanda a yarda da shi zuwa hawa da bishiyoyi da duwatsu. Bayan wannan bayani, da ake zargin predator savanna aka Hijira da masana kimiyya a cikin gandun daji, a kan iyakar kasar da matakan. A fili, da ta zo ta biyu marsupial zaki kasance mai rauni, saboda haka farauta, jiran da ganima a kan wani itace.

jiki Description

Telakolev da kyau kwarai musculature. Musamman karin kafada bel, sanye take da iko da kuma m ƙasũsuwa. karfi ƙasũsuwa tsari daidai da aka samu a tsakiyar kafada, to wanda, mafi m, da kuma karfafa tsokoki. Godiya a gare su, ya girth ya m ga wanda aka azabtar, a matsayin hutu daga shi ba zai iya zama wani dabba, ko da sanye take da m kaifi hakora ko fika. Ko da yake masana kimiyya sun ba shi da sunan da marsupial zaki, tsarin ta jiki da kuma iri na farauta da ke sa shi ya fi kama da damisa. Ya, a matsayin wakilin cat, ya ya iya hawa ba kawai itatuwa, amma kuma a kan kankara. Wannan ya tabbatar da zurfin burbushi ya fika, samu a wani kogo a Australia. Wannan dabba da aka basira cim tare da gaba kafafu da kuma noqewa a tsawo.

Sumkolva hanyar rayuwa

Bisa ga tsarin da kwarangwal na dabba, masana kimiyya sun ƙarasa da cewa shi ya kashe wadanda ke fama a minti yin amfani da dogon mandibular incisors sa'an nan tsage baya m molars. An zaci cewa babban wadanda ke fama da wannan predator sun DIPROTODON. Da shi shi ne mafi girma a marsupial da suka taba rayuwa a duniya. Sun yi tashe a lokacin daga miliyan 1.6 zuwa 40,000 da suka wuce. The most of su ƙetare size na zamani dorina kuma yana da 3 m tsawo da kuma 2 m ba ga tsawo.

Ganin cewa marsupial zaki a tsawo kai kawai 70-80 cm, kuma a tsawon - har zuwa 170 cm, shi aka sanye take da duk abin da ka bukatar ka kama, rike da kashe irin wannan babban wasan. Don duk bugawa, da predator ya zaɓi wani manya-manyan amma jinkirin-dabba ba a kanta ganima, domin ba su mallaki ikon hanzari cimma ta a bi. Ya jira ga wanda aka azabtar yana zaune a jira a cikin ciyawa, ko a jikin rassan itace.

predator yanayi

Idan muka yi imani da binciken na masana binciken burbushin halittu, da marsupial zaki, kusan miliyan 2 da shekaru shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi m predator a Australia. Ya arsenal na kaifi hakora da kuma fika, mai iko tsokoki da kuma karfi kashi tsarin kunna sauki ganima domin irin wannan lokaci mai tsawo. Saboda canjin yanayi da kuma ci gaban lush ciyayi, manyan zuwa wani karuwa a cikin dabbõbin dabbõbin, wannan predator da babu fafatawa a gasa, a irin wannan yanayi. A menu kunshi procoptodon Goliath - giant kangaroos. Suna isa 3 mita tsawo, kuma sun kasance quite wuya ganima ga marsupial zaki wanda ba zai iya motsa da sauri a kan ƙasa.

Marsupial zaki shi ba ne kawai predator cewa lokaci. Tare da shi a filayen farauta da Tasmanian shaidan, da tsoho m ya eponymous zuriya daga Tasmania. Ba kamar tilakoleo, shaidan ya gudanar ya tsira zuwa yau, amma kamar yadda mutane, ba wucewa a cikin size da talakawan kare. Daga cikin wadanda ke fama da marsupial zaki samu zygomaturus - wanda ya rayu a daidai wannan lokaci a dabbobi masu shayarwa, kama zamani gajeren hippos da palorchestes, masana binciken burbushin halittu sun samu da sunan "giant marsupial tapir". Its girma ne daidai da zamani doki. Mafi yawa daga cikin dabbobi sun mutu na zamani, amma wasu sun samo asali da kuma tsira ga wannan rana.

Hanyar nau'i nau'i

The bacewar na marsupial zaki masana kimiyya har yanzu ne a rashin daidaito dogon kamar yadda makiya a cikin halitta muhalli, shi ya ba wani duniya bala'i ne kuma ba hõre hadarin lalata Australia. Mafi mashahuri version ne cewa wadannan dabbobi sun zama dadaddun saboda gaskiyar cewa 30,000 da suka wuce yankin suka fara samar m mutane.

Gaskiyar cewa predator yana da rai a lokacin, ya ce kogo zane-zane, inda shi ne yanzu. Mutane sun fara farautar dabbobi, da muhimmanci rage su yawan jama'a. Bugu da kari, su halakar da zaki, ciki har da babban abokin adawarsa a Savannah. Da zuwan mutane bace daga fuskar duniya, kusan duk marsupial megafauna Australia.

Recent binciken

Godiya ga binciken kimiyya, sanya a farkon 21st karni a cikin kogwanni located a kan Nullarbor Bayyana, kimiyya ya iya bincika a more daki-daki wannan predator. A nan ne aka samu wani kwarangwal na marsupial zaki, a kan abin da suke iya mayar da image. The dabba rushe a daya daga cikin kogwanni da kuma a can ya rasu, ba da ake iya samu daga cikin daji. Bayan shi, shi ya tara mai yawa dabbobi da suke zaune a wannan lokaci, wanda zai iya ba da wani ra'ayin na waɗanda ke kewaye da shi shi ne wani predator da ganima.

baki littafin

Tun 1600, a lokacin Gwargwadon binciken, shi ne littafin kwashe dabbobi ko dadaddun da lokaci ko ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Yana hada mastodons, mammoths, woolly karkanda, kogon bear, Dodo, Moa da marsupial zaki. Black littafin an girmama tare da wani yawan dabbobi sun bace daga duniya, wanda shi ne m tare da yawan dadaddun dinosaur.

Abin baƙin ciki, fiye da 1,000 jinsunan fauna faru a karshe shekaru 500 da cigaban dan Adam, wanda ko dai ya halaka su, ko da ya lalata kuma da gur su muhalli.

Alal misali, a cikin shekaru 27 kawai an hallaka ta irin wannan na cikin ruwa dabbobi a matsayin teku saniya, gano a cikin 18th karni. Domin da riba daga wannan fauna an halaka, ko da yake wannan za a iya šauki da yawa dubban shekaru. A farkon m Red littafin ya bayyana da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke barazana tare da nau'i nau'i.

Idan tsoho predator da rai

Wasu masana kimiyya hypothesize, wanda zai lashe a wani yaki, idan akwai wani marsupial zaki da rai kuma ya gana da zamani Sarkin dabbobi. Don samun amsar, sunã da yin lissafi da cizo karfi na wani tsoho predator da kuma kwatanta shi da data na zaki. Duk da yake wadannan lissafin da aka yi ga saber-toothed Cats.