Manuniya da kuma iri na rashin aikin yi. Babban matsaloli

A zamani kasuwar tattalin arzikin halin da hujjõji hali to rashin zaman lafiya, wanda bayyana kanta a cikin musamman, da cyclical ci gaba da kuma gagarumin karuwa a farashin. Amma babban nuna alama ne da rashin aikin yi. Yana da wuya na gano wurin da sana'a aiki na da babban yawan 'yan ƙasa ne dalilin kara raya tattalin arziki da rikicin.

Masana kimiyya a zamani adabi sosai a hankali aiki daga matsalar rashin aikin yi. Gano da kuma aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki ta core Manuniya da iri. Akwai da dama sukayi fassara, wanda aka tsara domin da dama da dalili.

Frictional rashin aikin yi da iri, wanda aka bayyana a gaban taƙaitaccen lokaci na rashin aikin yi. Su zama dole ga mutum a sami wani sabon wurin sabis. Amma babban matsalar shi ne gaskiya cewa shi yayi dace da cancantar da kuma kwarewa daga cikin ma'aikaci. Haka kuma, irin wannan lokaci - wani son rai zabi na dan kasa, wanda shi ne wajen wuya zuwa tasiri.

Matsayin mai mulkin, da irin wannan rashin aikin yi ne don kawo mutanen da suke da unoccupied saboda miƙa mulki ga wani wuri na aiki. Bugu da kari, 'yan asalin iya yi iya samun wani aiki, za a fara nan da nan shi ko su - da yanayi hali na ma'aikata (da sha'anin noma, da sauransu).

Tsarin iri na rashin aikin yi sun hada da halin da ake ciki inda da ma'aikaci ne rago na dogon lokaci lokaci. Wadannan lokuta faruwa saboda tsarin canje-canje a cikin tattalin arzikin, da suka rushe fasaha matakin wasu Categories na aiki.

Kamar yadda aka nuna gaskiya, rashin aikin yi da tsarin da kuma frictional irin iya zama kamar yadda dysfunctional kuma a mai kyau lokaci. A sakamakon haka ne jimlar yawan marasa aikin yi sama iri biyu, wanda aka kira da "halitta kudi na rashin aikin yi."

Yawancin lokaci shi zai zama ya dace da halin da ake ciki na macroeconomic ma'auni. Tun a wannan yanayin, da cikakken aiki zai dace da halitta kudi na rashin aikin yi. Ga kowace ƙasa, wannan factor ne ba kawai m, amma ko da saba, tasowa saboda da kalaman-kamar ci gaban tattalin arziki.

Cyclical rashin aikin yi da lalacewa ta hanyar da iri rubucen da kuma hambarar da na samarwa. Sun bayyana a cikin wani halin da ake ciki. Idan akwai bambanci tsakanin ta da ainihin yi da na halitta na kullum, shi ne - da babban Manuniya na cyclical irin rashin aikin yi. A sakamakon haka, da fada bayan na ainihin m na GNP kafa darajar.

Bugu da kari ga wannan rarrabuwa, da wadannan iri na rashin aikin yi:

• da son rai (da jama'a ne ba neman aiki) da kuma tilasta (da mutum ba zai iya samun wuri daidai da data kasance da'awar).
• rubuce a lokacin da mutum yana hukumance rajista a aikin yi;
• m (rashin aikin yi ga mutane da nakasa, mata da ƙananan azuzuwan, matasa da kuma sauran m sassa na al'umma).
• m, wanda ya bayyana saboda wucin gadi dalilai da kuma tattalin arziki downturns.
• yanayi, dangane da matakin da tattalin arziki aiki da hawa da sauka, a wasu sassa na tattalin arzikin , a kuma wani lokaci na shekara.
• fasaha, wanda shi ne related to aiki da kai da kuma mechanization na samarwa, sakamakon wasu aiki zama superfluous da unskilled.
• hukumomi, wanda ya taso ne saboda da baki na kwadago da kuma jihar a saitin la'ada rates.

A rashin aikin yi da matsalar - a duniya-aji tambaya, kamar yadda kowace kasa za su jima ko daga baya tsayar da shi.